Chapter-2

Emerging Trends

1. List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Ans: based on the standard models of cloud-based services we are
using are listed below- a. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) – Amazon
Web Services, Digital Ocean, MS Azure
b. PaaS (Platform as a Service) – Google App Engine, AWS Beanstalk
c. SaaS (Software as a Service) – Google Workspace, Dropbox

Q2 What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of

its potential applications.
Ans: the ‘Internet of things’ is a network of interrelated mechanical and
digital devices, computing devices and other objects that have
embedded hardware and software to communicate with others on
the same network without the need of any human-to-human
interaction.

Smart Home security system –

Smart Cities – Smart Wearable – Smart Farming – Smart Retails

Q3 Write a short note on the following: a) Cloud computing

Ans: A)Cloud Computing is defined as Computer-based services

delivered over the Internet. It doesn’t store any data on your
computer. The services comprise software, hardware, databases,
storage etc. The reason behind the term ‘Cloud’ is the design of network
at different location with different network devices similar to cloud.
B) Big data and its characteristics Big data is term that is used
representing the collection of datasets of enormous volume and
complexity. Such data cannot be processed and analyzed using
traditional data as data is not only voluminous, but also unstructured.
Characteristics of Big data

Volume: It refers to the number of big data in terms of size. It is in very

big size or voluminous data.
Velocity: It refers to the rate of data transfer at very high speed.
Variety: Data is available in different forms like structured, unstructured,
and semistructured. It can be different files like text, images, videos, web
pages, etc.
Veracity: It refers to the intensity of the reliability of data. When a large
volume of data is going to be processed, sometimes chances are there to
produce incorrect data.
Value: It is the quantity of data including amount, reliability of data to be
processed.

Q4 Explain the following along with their applications.

a) Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is the ‘ability of machine
to take decisions of their own’. An intelligent machine is supposed to
imitate some of the cognitive functions of humans like learning,
decision-making and problem solving. Some of its applications are
Siri, Google Now, Cortana, Alexa etc.
b) Machine Learning : machine learning is the ability of machine to
learn from data using statistical techniques, without being explicitly
programmed by a human being. It comprises algorithms that use
data to learn on their own and make predictions. Some of its
application is search enphoto tagging applications, spam detector etc

Q5 Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with

suitable examples.
Ans:
Cloud computing comprise of software, hardware, storage and delivered
over the Internet.
A grid is computer network of geographically dispersed and
heterogeneous computation resources
Cloud computing is more flexible than grid computing
Grid computing is less flexible than cloud computing
Cloud computing is service oriented
Grid computing is application oriented
Q6. Justify the following statement- ‘Storage of data is cost effective
and time saving in cloud computing.’
Ans: The cloud storage is cost effective and time saving because we do
not need to expense on hardware resources, power and support to
manage and store data, the cloud vendor handles all. With cloud
computing substantially less time is spent on maintaining software,
searching specific files as all the data are stored at centralized location.
Q7 What is on-demand service? How it is provided in cloud computing?
On-demand service refers to the type of service of technology and
computing in which computing resources are provided on an as-needed
and when-needed basis
A user can use on-demand infrastructure or platform or software and
is usually charged as per the usage, thereby eliminating the need of a
huge investment upfront for a new or evolving organization.
Q8 Write examples of the following:
a) Government provided cloud computing platform
MeghRaj’ (https://cloud.gov.in)
b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they
provide
Google Cloud
Microsoft - Azure
Amazon - Amazon Web Services

Q9 A Company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider

who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning
and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for
deploying and running customized applications.
What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
A) Platform as a Service b) Software as a Service c) Infrastructure as
a Service

Ans: c) Infrastructure as a Service

10. Which is not one of the features of IoT devices?

a) Remotely controllable b) Programmable

c) Can turn themselves off if necessary

If Government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts,

how can each of the following be implemented in order to transform a
school into IoT enabled smart school?
A) e-textbooks : we can develop e-library and upload all the books in
digital from including audio video. Student can access it using QR
code.
B) Smart Boards: Smart boards can be operated by digital stylus or
pen and should be connected with network.
C) Online Tests: A web portal or online examination should be
prepared to conduct exams smoothly.
D) Wifi sensors and classrooms doors: Wifi sensors and classroom
doors can be used to lock and unlock them. These sensors also
provides security to students and other stakeholders.
E) Sensors in buses to monitor their location: These sensors enables
quick reporting and monitoring to the coordinates and parents to
know the status of child and bus after leaving the school.
F) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance
G) Monitoring: These devices can be used or implemented for
students in such a way that identifies a student and marks the
attendance accordingly.

Q12 Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited
budget and limited computer infrastructure. How can they avail the
benefits of cloud services to launch their startup?

They can go for registration with any suitable service provider either
government or private. They can register for Infrastructure as a
service to avail the facility of cloud storage and deploy applications
initially.

Q13 Governments provide various scholarships to students of different

classes. Prepare a report on how blockchain technology can be used
to promote accountability, transparency, and efficiency in the
distribution of scholarships?

As you are aware in blockchain technology, a separate ledger is

created for individual and stored so the transparency and efficiency
automatically improves. The students who can avail the scholarship in
their ledger only. The transactions are also more authentic.

Q14 How IoT and WoT are related?

IoT and WoT both can be user on network to communicate with

multiple devices. They can provide a communication medium between
various devices, this medium can be an app, a web service or any
network enabled device.

Q15 Match the following:

S.No Column A Answer Column B

1 You got a reminder to take

Medication 1 – 4 Smart Parking

2 You got a sms alert that you

Forgot to lock the door 2-3 Smart Wearable

3 You got the sms alert that

Parking space is available near

Your block 3-1 Home Automation

4 You turned off your LED TV

From your wristwatch 4-2 Smart Health