Animals Including Humans Year 6
Key Vocabulary Mammals have hearts with to
four chambers. Notice from body
circulatory system A system which includes the heart, body
veins, arteries and blood transporting how the blood that
to
substances around the body. has come from the body is
lungs
deoxygenated, and the from
heart An organ which constantly pumps blood
blood that has come from lungs
around the circulatory system.
the lungs is oxygenated
blood vessels The tube-like structures that carry blood again. The blood isn’t from
through the tissues and organs. Veins, actually red and blue: body
arteries and capillaries are the three types we just show it like deoxygenated oxygenated
of blood vessels. that on a diagram. blood blood
oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood has more oxygen. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body
It is pumped from the heart to the rest
and it is here that the exchange of water,
of the body.
nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide
deoxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood is blood where most takes place.
of the oxygen has already been transferred
to the rest of the body. Arteries carry arteries veins
capillaries Veins carry
oxygenated
The heart pumps blood to deoxygenated
blood away
the lungs to get oxygen. blood toward
from the
the heart.
It then pumps this heart.
oxygenated blood
around the body.
If you linked up all of the body’s blood vessels, including arteries,
capillaries, and veins, they would measure over 60,000 miles.
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Animals Including Humans Year 6
Key Vocabulary
drug A substance containing natural or man-made
chemicals that has an effect on your body when it
enters your system.
Blood transports:
alcohol A drug produced from grains, fruits or vegetables
when they are put through a process called • gases (mostly oxygen and
fermentation. carbon dioxide);
The liquid part of blood
nutrients Substances that animals need to stay alive • nutrients (including water);
contains water and protein.
and healthy. This is called plasma. • waste products.
Plasma Platelets help you Regular exercise:
is liquid. stop bleeding when
• strengthens muscles including
The other you get hurt.
the heart muscle;
parts of Red blood cells White blood cells
your blood • improves circulation;
carry oxygen fight infection
are solid. through your body. when you’re sick. • increases the amount of oxygen
around the body;
Drugs, alcohol and smoking A healthy diet involves eating
have negative effects on the right types of nutrients in • releases brain chemicals which
the body. the right amounts. help you feel calm and relaxed;
• helps you sleep more easily;
• strengthens bones.
It can even help to stop us from
getting ill.
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Living Things and Their Habitats
Key Vocabulary Classification
characteristics Special qualities or appearances
that make an individual or group system for classifying all living things. An adapted version
of things different to others.
classify To sort things into different groups. classified by these eight levels. The number
taxonomist A scientist who classifies different of living things in each level gets smaller until the one animal
living things into categories. is left in its species level. This is how a dog would be classified.
key A key is a series of questions about Domain: Eukarya
the characteristics of living things.
Kingdom: Animalia
A key is used to identify a living
thing or decide which group it Phylum:
belongs to by answering 'yes' or
'no' questions. Class: Mammalia
Order:
things according to their similarities and differences. Family:
Is it warmblooded? Genus:
yes no
Does it have feathers? Does it live on land? Species: dog
yes no yes no
Each group allows scientists to observe
It’s a It’s a Does it It’s a
bird mammal have scales? fish
and understand the characteristics of
yes no living things more clearly. They group
It’s a It’s an similar things together then split the groups
reptile amphibian again and again based on their differences.
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Living Things and Their Habitats
Key Vocabulary Microorganisms
bacteria A single-celled microorganism. Microorganisms bacteria
moulds and yeast. Some animals (dust
microorganism An organism that can only be
seen using a microscope mites) and plants (phytoplankton) are
bacteria also microorganisms.
microscope A piece of equipment that Microorganisms are very tiny living things
is used to view very tiny that can only be seen using a microscope. They
(microscopic) things by
magnifying their appearance. water and on objects around us.
species A group of animals that can
reproduce to produce fertile
offspring.
Helpful Microbes Harmful Microbes
Bacteria – cheese Bacteria – salmonella is
a bacterium that can lead
to food poisoning
Yeast – wine
viral diseases
Bacteria – yoghurt Fungi – athlete’s foot
Yeast – bread dough Bacteria – plaque
Penicillium fungi - Fungi - mould
antibiotics
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Evolution and Inheritance
Key Vocabulary Offspring Variation
offspring The young animal or plant that is Animals and In the same way
produced by the reproduction of plants produce that there is
offspring that are variation between
that species.
similar but not parents and their
inheritance This is when characteristics identical to them. offspring, you
are passed on to offspring from Offspring often look can see variation
like their parents within any species,
their parents.
because features are even plants.
variations The differences between individuals passed on.
within a species.
Adaptive Traits Inherited Traits
characteristics The distinguishing features or
Characteristics that Eye colour is an
qualities that are specific to are influenced by example of an
a species. the environment the inherited trait,
living things live in. but so are things
adaptation An adaptation is a trait (or
These adaptations like hair colour,
characteristic) changing to increase can develop as a result the shape of your
a living thing’s chances of surviving of many things, such earlobes and whether
and reproducing. as food and climate. or not you can smell
certain flowers.
habitat Refers to a specific area or place
in which particular animals and
Habitats Environments
plants can live.
A good habitat There are
environment An environment contains many should provide many types of
habitats and includes areas where shelter, water, environment
there are both living and non-
enough space and around the world.
plenty of food. Polar regions,
living things.
deserts, rainforests,
oceans, rivers, and
grasslands are all
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environments.
Inheritance unit, click here.
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Evolution and Inheritance
Key Vocabulary Fossils are the preserved remains, or Evolution is the gradual process by
partial remains, of ancient animals which different kinds of living organism
evolution Adaptation over a very long time. and plants. Fossils let scientists have developed from earlier forms over
natural selection The process where organisms
know how plants and animals used millions of years. Scientists have proof
to look millions of years ago. This that living things are continuously
that are better adapted to their
is proof that living things have evolving - even today!
environment tend to survive and evolved over time.
produce more offspring.
fossil The remains or imprint of a
prehistoric plant or animal,
embedded in rock and preserved.
adaptive traits Genetic features that help a living
thing to survive.
inherited traits These are traits you get from your
parents. Within a family, you
will often see similar traits, e.g. Living Things Habitat Adaptive Traits
curly hair.
Its white fur enables it to
polar bear arctic
camouflage in the snow.
Natural Selection
Fossils of giraffes from
millions of years ago It has wide feet to make it
camel desert
show that they used to easier to walk in the sand.
have shorter necks. They
have gradually evolved
through natural cactus desert It stores water in its stem.
selection to have longer
necks so that they
can reach the top Its narrow tongue allows
leaves on taller trees. toucan rainforest it to eat small fruit
and insects.
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