Let's go over all the concepts you mentioned step by step:
1. Converting a fraction into a percent:
To convert a fraction into a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100 and add the percent sign
(%).
For example:
34×100=75%\frac{3}{4} \times 100 = 75\%
2. Converting a decimal into a percent and vice versa:
Decimal to Percent: Multiply the decimal by 100 and add the percent sign. Example:
0.75×100=75%0.75 \times 100 = 75\%
Percent to Decimal: Divide the percentage by 100. Example:
75%=75100=0.7575\% = \frac{75}{100} = 0.75
3. Expressing a quantity as a percentage of another quantity:
To express a quantity as a percentage of another, divide the part by the whole and multiply by
100.
Example:
To find what percent 25 is of 200:
25200×100=12.5%\frac{25}{200} \times 100 = 12.5\%
4. Calculating the percentage of an amount:
To calculate the percentage of an amount, multiply the amount by the percentage (in decimal
form).
Example:
What is 20% of 150?
150×0.20=30150 \times 0.20 = 30
5. Calculating percentage increase and decrease:
Percentage Increase:
Percentage increase=New Value−Original ValueOriginal Value×100\text{Percentage increase}
= \frac{\text{New Value} - \text{Original Value}}{\text{Original Value}} \times 100
Percentage Decrease:
Percentage decrease=Original Value−New ValueOriginal Value×100\text{Percentage decrease}
= \frac{\text{Original Value} - \text{New Value}}{\text{Original Value}} \times 100
Example for increase:
Original value = 50, New value = 70
70−5050×100=40% increase\frac{70 - 50}{50} \times 100 = 40\% \, \text{increase}
Example for decrease:
Original value = 100, New value = 80
100−80100×100=20% decrease\frac{100 - 80}{100} \times 100 = 20\% \, \text{decrease}
6. Determining percentage change:
Percentage change is the same as calculating percentage increase or decrease, depending on
whether the value has increased or decreased.
7. Reverse Percentage:
To calculate the original value when you know the percentage and the new value:
Original Value=New Value1+Percentage100(for increase)\text{Original Value} = \frac{\
text{New Value}}{1 + \frac{\text{Percentage}}{100}} \quad \text{(for increase)}
Original Value=New Value1−Percentage100(for decrease)\text{Original Value} = \frac{\
text{New Value}}{1 - \frac{\text{Percentage}}{100}} \quad \text{(for decrease)}
8. Calculating Perimeter and Area:
Perimeter: The perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all the sides of a shape. Example
for a rectangle:
Perimeter=2×(Length+Width)\text{Perimeter} = 2 \times (\text{Length} + \text{Width})
Area: The area is the amount of space inside the shape. Example for a rectangle:
Area=Length×Width\text{Area} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width}
Example for a circle:
Area of a circle = πr2\pi r^2 where rr is the radius.
Circumference (perimeter) of a circle = 2πr2 \pi r.
9. Multiplying Fractions:
To multiply fractions, multiply the numerators (top numbers) together and the denominators
(bottom numbers) together.
Example:
23×45=2×43×5=815\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{4}{5} = \frac{2 \times 4}{3 \times 5} = \frac{8}
{15}
I hope this clears up everything! Feel free to ask more questions if you'd like more details on any
of these topics.
