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Multiple Inheritance and
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Interfaces
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Describe Multiple Inheritance
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List the problems associated with Multiple Inheritance
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Describe Interface
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Explain Multiple Inheritance using Interfaces
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Explain constructor execution in Multiple Inheritance
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 2
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Emphasizes the correct way of expressing the
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relationships between classes
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Explains creation of a class by combination of other
classes
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Describes the use of interfaces to achieve multiple
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inheritance in programming languages
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 3
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It is a technique in which one class inherits its
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properties from more than one classes.
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The figure shows an example of multiple inheritance.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 4
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The figure shows the class diagram of the inheritance
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hierarchy created by the three classes namely
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Herbivore, Carnivore, and Omnivore.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 5
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The Diamond Problem - a class inherits from two
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parent classes each of which in turn inherit from a
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common super class.
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The figure depicts the diamond problem.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 6
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Ambiguity of Name - a base classes have a method
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with the same name and signature.
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The figure depicts the name ambiguity problem.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 7
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An interface only declares the signature of the
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methods it wishes to expose.
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Syntax
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<visibility-modifier> interface
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<interface-name>
{
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// abstract method declarations
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}
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 8
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The following table shows features that differentiate a
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class and an interface.
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Class Interface
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A class can be instantiated An interface cannot be instantiated
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A class can have concreted methods, An interface cannot have concrete
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A child class may not override all A class implementing an Interface must
methods of a parent class
Multiple classes cannot be inherited by a
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Multiple interfaces can be implemented by
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child class to simulate multiple a class to simulate multiple inheritance
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An ‘is-a’ relationship is required to An ‘is-a’ relationship is not mandatory for
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implement inheritance between classes implementing an interface
Methods of an interface are implicitly Methods of a class can have any access
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public modifier
Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 9
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Some advantages of interface are as follows:
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Allows simulating multiple inheritance of classes
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Helps to avoid ambiguity between the methods of the
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different classes as seen in C++
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Allows combining features of two or more interfaces
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such that a class needs to only implement the
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combined result
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Helps to hide an inherited member name from any
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code outside the derived class
Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 10
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Parent Class
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No-argument constructor: Invoked in the sequence in
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which the child class has inherited the parent classes
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Parameterized constructor: User can handle by invoking
the parent class constructor from the constructor of the
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child class and pass arguments to the constructor
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 11
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Multiple Inheritance is a technique in which one class inherits its
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properties from more than one classes.
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Diamond Problem is a situation that arises when a class inherits
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from two parent classes each of which in turn inherit from a
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common super class.
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An interface is a type similar to a class that consists of only
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method declarations without any implementation.
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A class can implement more than one interface to simulate
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multiple inheritance.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 12
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Invocation of constructors in multiple inheritance depends on
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the sequence in which the child class invokes them in its own
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constructor.
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Ambiguity of name is a condition in multiple inheritance
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wherein the base classes have a method with the same name
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and signature.
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Version 1.0 © 2012 Aptech Limited. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts / Session 5 13
