Lecture Notes

Exponential to logarithmic form:

at = b
Logab = a

Logarithm to exponential form:

Logab = a an __ b
 r

Logs to be defined:

Logan to when
be
defined
a > 0 and a > 0 but a -1-1
 /

Rule # 1 Logaa = I

Rule # 2 10gal = 0

Rule # 3
"

Logan n
logan
Rule # 4 Logan y Logan 1- toga 's

Rule # 5 log Ey
a Logan _

toga y
Logs & Exponential Functions
<
Types of log:

V V

Common log Natural log

Base = 10 Base = e = 2.71828

( Paper )
g. ◦
a
Logan

"

lg n Inn ( Paper )

N0TE:_ All rules are

to natural
applied
logarithm
① line = I

② In 1 = 0

③ lnÑ ylnn

⑨ lnay lnntlny

⑤ In a
/y lnn -

lny
 Varietywise - Questions
Variety # 1 No
logs involved

One term each side

Variable is only one side

52^+1=7
"
e. # ① 27=10 e.g # ② e.g # ③ e =3
g.
.
.

Inz" 110 (n52+= 27 he 2 23

log10 = x = =

x(12 = 2n10 (2u + 1)915 = 27 2m . (1) = &23

210
x = 3 32 x = 2n + 1
= x = 2
.

-
2
In 2

x = 3 322
.
2n + 1 =
1 . 209 x= 0 .
5493

a = 3 32.
x = 0 . 1045 x= 0 .
549

x = 0 .
105

Variety # 2 No
logs involved

One term each side

Variable is on both sides

#① 4ᵗʰ 7- ( 3
"
)
e.g # ②
eʰ= 3^-2
e.g # ③ 52×-1=2137
e.g =
. . .

z4 3- 524 5 "
A ex
7 = .
.
= 2x32

=
(=7
(2) t =
=10
In()" =
In7

h
(2) I
t
In
(254 =
2110

x = 117/9141
1 -10/2
In
= It 25
a=
c . -

a = 6 76
.

a = 22 .
3 x = 1 .
09
 I

43
'
53-2 "
" "
31532
⑨ e.g # ⑤
-

e. * 4 (7)
g.
= . =

Variety # 3 One term on each side

log on one side

e.
g. #①
 e.
g. # ②

g. # ③
e.
Variety # 4 Many terms on each side

logs on both sides

.

e.
g. # ①

e.
g. # ②
 e.
g. # ③

g. # ⑨
e.
Variety # 5 Many terms on each side

No
logs .

Terms are added / Subtracted .

e.
g. # ①

g. #②
e.
e.g # ③
.

pathna b pa-
,
b

4x 42 4442 4
+
=
=

n + 16 = 1U

In 44 =
2
154 = 16

u = 16
-

15
=
x = 0 .
0466

e.
g. # ⑨
 <

Some Solved
Paper Questions
<
<
<
<
Linear Law
Y y
Y
M=o
M= - ve

Mtve

0 a 0 a O se

Y Y

M - ve mtve mtve m - ve

0 0 a
a

curve Linear line

straight
Law ✗ and Y
False Axis

y=aaⁿ Y=mX+c

Y=y
① y = 23+1

Y=mX -1C

0 ✗ =a3
 Y:

②
Ly
Ly = -

ta + 4

Y = m ✗ + C

✗=
at
③ azeb
y Y
try
= -
_

In lazeb)
lny =

try = lnxb + ha

lay = blnntlna
0 ✗ = lnn

Y = m ✗ + c
e.g # ①
.
e.g .
#②

=Y

=X

m =
&1 2 - .

=
0 . 401
. 24
5
1 5
- .

= 0 . 401 In A = 0 5985
.

=
Y = mX + C

1 2
. = 10 401) (1 5)
. . + C k= 0 . 002 &n A = 1 197
.

c = 0 . 5985
197
k = 0 80 . A= el .

Y = 0 . 401X + 0 . 598)-
A = 3 31 .

yz= Ackn
Mn(Aekm)
hy
2
=

Inekn ht
2
Iny =
+

kx &A
2
Iny = +

by =
kx+ 2
e.
g. # ③