The corona virus pandemic is a global disease, which results in several
respiratory problems and even death. The outbreak was first identified in the province of
Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, about ten million people have been
infected and about half a million have died in a short period of six months.
The virus spreads among people by sneezing, coughing or simply talking. The
droplets produced can fall on surfaces or remain in the air for a few minutes. Some
procedures are recommended to reduce the risk of contamination, such as washing
hands, keeping distance from other people, wearing a face mask in public and
monitoring infected people. The common symptoms include fever, cough and loss of
sense of smell. In addition, pneumonia and respiratory syndrome can occur if the
disease evolves.
As a result of the disease, the world experienced a huge economic depression,
leading to an increase in the unemployment rate and bankruptcy cases. Moreover, many
events have been postponed or cancelled due to the COVID. For instance, sport leagues,
religious celebrations and cultural events have had their activities affected. To overcome
this situation, some institutions like schools, universities and companies have adopted
remote classes by videoconference.
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing
global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2).[1] The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.[4][6] The World Health
Organization declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, and a
pandemic on 11 March.[7][8] As of 1 July 2020, more than 10.5 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more
than 188 countries and territories, resulting in more than 512,000 deaths; more than 5.38 million people have recovered.
[5]
The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact,[c] most often via small droplets produced by
coughing,[d] sneezing, and talking.[9][10][12] The droplets usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than travelling
through air over long distances.[9] However, research as of June 2020 has shown that speech-generated droplets may
remain airborne for tens of minutes.[13] Less commonly, people may become infected by touching a contaminated
surface and then touching their face.[9][10] It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms,
although spread is possible before symptoms appear, and from people who do not show symptoms. [9][10]
Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of sense of smell.[9][14][15] Complications may
include pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.[16] The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days
but may range from two to fourteen days.[17][18] There is no known vaccine or specific antiviral treatment.[9] Primary treatment
is symptomatic and supportive therapy.[19]
Recommended preventive measures include hand washing, covering one's mouth when coughing, maintaining distance from other
people, wearing a face mask in public settings, and monitoring and self-isolation for people who suspect they are infected.[9][20] Authorities
worldwide have responded by implementing travel restrictions, lockdowns, workplace hazard controls, and facility closures. Many places
have also worked to increase testing capacity and trace contacts of infected persons.
The pandemic has caused global social and economic disruption,[21] including the largest global recession since the Great Depression.[22] It
has led to the postponement or cancellation of sporting, religious, political, and cultural events,[23] widespread supply
shortages exacerbated by panic buying,[24][25][26] and decreased emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases.[27][28] Schools, universities,
and colleges have been closed either on a nationwide or local basis in 172 countries, affecting approximately 98.5 percent of the world's
student population.[29] Misinformation about the virus has circulated through social media and mass media.[30] There have been incidents of
xenophobia and discrimination against Chinese people and against those perceived as being Chinese or as being from areas with high
infection rates.[31][32][33]
The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused
by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have spread to Brazil
on 25 February 2020,[2] when a man from São Paulo tested positive for the virus. On 19 June 2020, the country reported
its 1 millionth case; at this time, there had been nearly 49,000 reported deaths. [3][4] As of June 2020, Brazil has the
second-highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world behind the United States.
The pandemic has triggered a variety of responses from federal, state and local governments, having an impact on
politics, education, the environment,[5] and the economy. On 27 March Brazil announced a temporary ban on foreign air
travelers[6] and most state governors have imposed quarantines to prevent the spread of the virus. [7]
