CURRICULUM GRADE 10 – 12

DIRECTORATE

LEARNER SUPPORT DOCUMENT

GRADE 10

MATHEMATICAL LITERACY

2025
 This support document was developed and collated by the KZN
Provincial Mathematical Literacy Subject Advisors and Lead Teachers

PREFACE

This document serves to assist Mathematical Literacy learners on how to deal with curriculum. It also
captures the challenging topics in the Grade 10 work. Activities should serve as a guide on how to assess
topics dealt with in this document.
It is hoped that teachers will find this document useful for better learner performance in 2025 and that they
will benefit from this document.
Provincial Mathematical Literacy Subject Advisors and Lead Teachers are to be commended for their
contributions and cooperation during the preparation and production of this document.
The document will cover the following:

A Finance
B Maps and Plans
C Measurement
D Data Handling
E Probability

Topics in this Learner Support Document are arranged according to the 2025 Grade 10 ATP

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Distribution of topics, duration and total marks per paper

Topics and weight per topic per paper

Format of the question papers and weighting of topics (N.B. Each paper may have 4 questions)

3
Distribution of marks according to taxonomy levels

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ELABORATION OF THE CONTENT FOR GRADE 10 (CAPS)
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Collecting, Classifying and Organising Data

Develop and use an appropriate form/instrument for collecting a single set, including:

• observation, • interview, • questionnaire or survey with an awareness of the following:

⚫ the situations for which the different types of data collection instruments are most
appropriate and the advantages and disadvantages of each type.

⚫ the difference between a “population” and a “sample”.

⚫ how to select an appropriate sample from a population.

⚫ the impact that the choice of sample will have on the reliability of the data collected

In order to: Collect data on problems being investigated relating to the personal lives of
learners. Classify collected data as categorical data (e.g. male/female; type of car)

• numerical data, further classified as discrete data (e.g. number of people; number of cars)
and continuous data (e.g. weights; rainfall)

Sort collected numerical data according to one

Group collected data using intervals (where appropriate) (e.g. It is often appropriate to
group test scores in the mark intervals “0-29”; “30-39”; etc.).

Organise collected data using:

• tallies

• frequency tables

Recognise that the way in which data is classified, sorted and/or grouped will affect how
data is organised, summarised and represented.

In order to transform the data into a form that can be analysed, or into a form that can be
more easily summarised and/or represented, to find answers to the question(s) posed on
issues relating to the personal lives of learners.
QUESTION 1
1.1 The Audi Centre Centurion wants to introduce the new 2025 Audi SQ5, but they are unsure
which colours their customers would like. The supplier has 5 options that they can choose
from (white, red, black, silver, and grey), but Audi Centre can only afford to buy only 3
different colours. To help them decide on the colours to stock, their salesman suggested they
contact some of their customers to conduct a survey to decide on the 3 colours to buy.
FIGURE A: PICTURE OF THE AUDI SQ5.

[Link]
Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Name the data collection instrument that can be used to collect this information. (2)

1.1.2 Give ONE advantage of the instrument mentioned above. (2)

1.2 The results collected were recorded in the table below.

Red White White Red Grey White White Silver White Black
Black White Grey White Black Grey White Grey White Grey
Red Grey Black Red Grey Silver Black Silver Grey Silver
Grey Grey White Silver Silver Grey White White Silver White

Use the table above to answer the questions that follow:

1.2.1 Is the above data numerical or categorical? (2)

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 1.2.2 If you were to advise Audi Centre, which three colours would you suggest they buy?
Give a reason for your answer. (3)

1.2.3 Redraw and complete the tally and frequency table to represent the data above.

Colour of the car Tally Frequency

Red IIII 4
White A B
Silver C 7
Black D 5
Grey E 11
Total 40 (5)

1.2.4 Arrange the car colours from the most preferred to the least preferred. (2)

1.3 Miss Lopes, the principal at Rivers High School, recently hired a new grade 10
Mathematical Literacy teacher. She is interested in the grade 10 learners’
performance in Mathematical Literacy. She collected 5 learners’ test scripts, which
represent 10% of each class that Mr Zulu (the new teacher) teaches. The marks are
recorded in the table below. The test was out of 50 marks.
TABLE 1: LEARNERS’ TEST MARKS
27 33 10 28 24 44 40 31 46 20
24 36 18 35 25 42 27 30 19 26

1.3.1 Determine the number of classes that Mr Zulu teaches. (2)

1.3.2 Identify the population and the sample in the above data. (2)

1.3.3 Arrange the marks of learners in descending order. (2)

1.3.4 Explain the differences between discrete and continuous data and give an example of (4)
each.

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QUESTION 2
2.1. Mrs Nkosi, a Mathematical Literacy teacher, records the body mass (in kg)
of learners in her class as follows:

60 46 49 63 38 39 61 50 46 38 40 37 62 41 49 58 45 58 80
48 51 59 63 69 36 54 60 63 71 68 48 37 48 53 50.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

2.1.1 Arrange the data in descending order. (2)

2.1.2 Is the data above Discrete or Continuous? Give a reason for your answer. (4)

2.1.3 Name a data collection instrument that can be used to collect the information above. (2)

2.2. Sort the above mass into groups, e.g., 36 - 40, 41- 45, etc., and complete the
Frequency table below.

FREQUENCY TABLE:

GROUPS TALLIES FREQUENCY

36 - 40 A 7
41- 45 // B
46 - 50 C D
51 - 55 /// E
55 - 60 F G
61- 65 H 5
66 – 70 I J
71 – 75 K L (10)

76 – 80 / M
TOTAL N
Use the frequency table above to answer the questions that follow.

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 2.2.2 Identify the group that has the second least number of learners. (2)

2.2.3 Which group has the greatest number of learners? (2)

2.2.4 Determine the number of learners that weighed more than 40kg. (2)
2.2.5 Briefly explain the difference between Population and Sample. (4)

QUESTION 3

3.1 The owner of the tuckshop at Greenbury Secondary School used a calendar to record the
number of pies sold each school day during February 2025.

PICTURE OF PIES

SOURCE: [Link]
Study the data below and answer the questions that follow:
FEBRUARY 2025
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8

55 PIES 40 PIES 45 PIES 32 PIES 40 PIES

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

40 PIES 46 PIES 40 PIES 32 PIES 84 PIES

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

30 PIES 28 PIES 42 PIES 36 PIES 35 PIES

23 24 25 26 27 28

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 22 PIES 50 PIES 47 PIES 39 PIES 46 PIES

Adapted from Greenbury School Tuckshop

Use information above and answer the following questions.

3.1.1 Identify the minimum and maximum number of pies sold in February 2025.

3.1.2 Determine the modal number of pies sold. (2)

3.1.3 Arrange the number of pies sold in ascending order. (2)

3.1.4 State whether the number of pies sold is discrete or continuous data. Provide a reason
for your answer. (3)

3.1.5 Define the term median according to the given context. (2)

3.1.6 Determine the median number of pies sold in February 2025. (3)

3.1.7 Calculate the range of the number of pies sold. (2)

3.1.8 Calculate the total number of pies sold in February 2025. (2)

3.1.9 The Principal states that the mean number of pies sold is 20. Verify, showing ALL (3)
calculations whether his statement is valid.

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3.2 The tuckshop owner of Greenbury Secondary School drew the pie chart below, which shows the
number of pies and the different fillings sold on February 14, 2025.

Study the pie chart below and the calendar from 3.1 and answer the questions that follow:

Number of pies and the different fillings sold on

14th February 2025

pepper steak,18

Mutton Curry;
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Veg Curry…

Chicken and
mushroom; 28

3.2.1 Calculate the number of vegetable curry pies sold. (2)

3.2.2 Identify the flavour with the modal number of pies sold that day. (2)

3.2.3 If one pie is selected at random from all the pies sold on this day, determine the (3)
probability, as a percentage, of choosing a chicken and mushroom pie.

QUESTION 4

4.1 TABLE 1 below shows the percentages obtained for a mathematical literacy test by learners
in grade 10A at Gemini High School.

TABLE 1: TEST PERCENTAGES OF GRADE 10A

35 40 65 33 55 71 41 25

88 20 39 79 92 74 42 75

75 57 66 70 82 75 75

Use the table above and answer the questions that follow:

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 4.1.1 State the number of learners that wrote this test. (2)

4.1.2 Calculate the mean (average) mark for the class. (3)

4.1.3 State the number of learners in the class that obtained a mark that was below the (2)
average.

4.1.4 Arrange the test marks in ascending order. (2)

4.1.5 Determine the median mark of the class. (2)

4.1.6 Identify the mode of the above data set. (2)

4.1.7 In your own words, explain why the mode is not a good measure for the average of
this class. (2)

4.1.8 The median is higher than the mean. Explain what caused the mean to be lower. (2)

4.1.9 Calculate the range of the marks. (2)

4.1.10 Comment on the performance of this class by stating whether they are a weak or
strong class. Give a reason to support your answer. (2)

4.2 Tara is a learner in Grade 10 A. She drew a graph to track her performance in Mathematical literacy
for the last seven tests.

TARA'S PERCENTAGE IN THE LAST SEVEN

MATHEMATICAL LITERACY TESTS
70 63
60 55 55
50
50 45
PERCENTAGE

42
40 35
30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TEST NUMBER

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 Study the graph above and answer the questions that follow:

4.2.1 Calculate Tara’s average (mean) of the seven tests. (3)

4.2.2 Determine the median mark of the seven tests. (2)

4.2.3 State which measure of central tendency, mean or median, best describes the above
data set. (3)

4.2.4 Comment on the trend of Tara’s test marks as indicated in the line graph above. (3)

Financial Documents

Work with the following financial documents:

• documents relating to personal and/or household finance, including:

- household bills (e.g. electricity, water, telephone, cell phone)

- shopping documents (e.g. till slips, account statements)

- banking documents (e.g. bank statements and fee structures)

- household budgets

In order to understand terminology used in documents

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QUESTION 5

Mr Msomi lives in Mandini. The statement of account he received from the ILembe District
5.1 Municipality for January 2025 is shown in ANNEXURE A below.
.
Study ANNEXURE A and answer the questions that follow.

5.1.1 Explain the meaning of the term closing balance in the given context. (2)

5.1.2 Write the date on which a payment was made on this account. (2)

5.1.3 Show how the VAT value of R32.00 was calculated. (3)

5.1.4 Explain why interest is charged on the statement. (2)

5.1.5 Write down the account number found on the statement. (2)

5.1.6 Show how the consumption of 4.000 on the statement was calculated. (2)

5.1.7 The invoice shows different aging periods of the account, viz. (120+ days, 90 days, 60
days and current. Give two reasons why this breakdown is important for financial (4)
management

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 ANNEXURE A
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT FOR WATER USAGE.

[Adapted from [Link]]

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5.2
Zandi and Kuhlekonke were sent to the local supermarket to get a few items their
mother needed to prepare lunch. The till slip they received after paying is shown
below.
PICTURE OF TILL SLIP FROM BOXER SUPERSTORES:

Study the till slip above and answer the questions that follow.

5.2.1 Name the supermarket from where the items were bought. (2)

5.2.2 Identify the item(s) bought that are VAT exempted. (2)

5.2.3 Calculate the difference in prices for the pork sausages. (2)

5.2.4 Calculate the total amount paid, excluding VAT. (4)

5.2.5 If the pork sausages that cost R32.48 weigh 0.464 kg. Determine the unit price
per kg for the pork sausage. (3)

5.2.6 Identify the second least expensive item on the receipt. (2)

5.2.7 If the VAT percentage increased to 16%. Calculate the new VAT amount that
would be charged. (3)

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QUESTION 6

6.1 Gugulethu and Thabiso have recently married. They need money to pay outstanding
debts from their wedding. To do this, they need to save as much as possible and
have worked out the following budget for their family.

BUDGET OF GUGULETHU AND THABISO PER MONTH.

ITEM AMOUNT ITEM AMOUNT
EXPENDITURE INCOME R 15250 after tax

HOUSE R4900
CAR R1800
MEDICAL AID R950, the company
pays the other half.

PETROL R720
CELLPHONE R350
CONTRACT
FOOD AND R3500
CLOTHING
ENTERTAINMENT R300
EDUCATION R1200
TOTAL A R 15250

Study the budget above and answer the questions that follow.

6.1.1 Write the income amount in words. (2)

6.1.2 Determine as a simplified ratio the amount spent on entertainment to the amount spent
on education (3)

6.1.3 Determine the amount the company contributes towards their medical aid (2)

6.1.4 Determine the value of A, the total budgeted amount (3)

6.1.5 Define income in the given context. (2)

6.1.6 The couple claims that they will have R1 530 left after all expenses have been paid.
Verify, showing all calculations, whether their claim is valid. (3)

6.1.7 The petrol price increases by 10%. Determine the new amount to be budgeted for. (3)

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 6.1.8 Identify ONE fixed expense from their budget. (2)

6.1.9 If they have an outstanding debt of R15 000 and want to settle it within 6
months, calculate the amount they need to pay per month. (3)

6.1.10 Critically discuss whether they can afford the amount calculated in 6.1.9. (3)

6.1.11 Suggest TWO ways in which the couple can adjust their budget to save more
money (4)

6.2. Sandra works as a bookkeeper. She must go through the company bank statement
every month and balance all transactions. ANNEXURE B below is an extract of a
bank statement for Clover SA LTD. below
Refer to ANNEXURE B and answer the questions.
6.2.1 Write the balance shown for 20/07/2023 in words (2)

6.2.2 Determine the total amount deposited into the account. (2)

6.2.3 Calculate the total amount paid for bank fees (2)

6.2.4 Determine the cash withdrawal fees as a percentage of the total bank fees.
Round off your answer to the nearest percent. (3)

6.2.5 Suggest TWO ways the account holder can reduce banking fees. (4)

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ANNEXURE B BANK STATEMENT OF CLOVER SA LTD

Adapted from [Link]

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QUESTION 7
7. John is too concerned about the bank charges as he believes that his bank charges him a
lot of money. He currently has an FNB Pay-as-you-use Account but is thinking of
changing to an FNB Easy-Pay Account.
TABLE 1 below shows the transactional fees for the two banks.

TABLE 1: TRANSACTIONAL FEES OF TWO BANKS

BANK FEES
TRANSACTION TYPE FNB FNB
Easy (Bundle) Easy (Pay-as-you-use)
Deposits (ATM) R1,30 per R100 R1,30 per R100
Deposits (Branch) R15,50 + R2,30 per R4,00 per R100
R100
Cash withdrawals R9,00 per R1 000 (or R8 per R1 000 (or a part
(own ATM) a part thereof) thereof)
Cash withdrawals R11 + R2,30 per R100 R10/ R1 000 (or a part thereof)
(other ATM) (or a part thereof)
Cash withdrawals (branch) R15,50 + R2,30 per N/A
R100
Debit order (internal) Free Free
Debit order (external) R5,00 R1,50
Send cash (R1–R1 000) R10,00 R8,00
Send cash (R1 001–R5 000) R15,00 R16,00
Airtime/Data/Electricity (own ATM) R1,50 R0,50
Airtime/Data/Electricity (other ATM) R10,00 R8,00

Source: [Adapted from: [Link] ]

Use the information above to answer the following questions:

7.1 Explain the word part thereof as used in the given context of banks. (2)

7.2 Write down the bank account that John is using. (2)

7.3 Determine the minimum bank charge if he makes a cash withdrawal in another (2)
bank’s ATM.

7.4 Identify the amount charged for internal debit orders in both accounts. (2)

7.5 John’s friend stated that if he makes a R3 500 withdrawal in another bank’s ATM,
he could save more than R10 in his own ATM. Verify that the friend’s statement (5)
is correct by showing all calculations.

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 7.6 John pays R45,50 on bank charges when withdrawing from another bank’s ATM. (4)
Determine the amount.

7.7 Apart from deposits and withdrawals, on which transaction FNB Easy(pay-as-you- (2)
use) account costs more than FNB Easy(bundle) account.

7.8 John made a withdrawal of R2 890 from his own bank's ATM. Calculate the
difference in charges if he used an FNB Easy(pay-as-you-use) account and advise
him which bank account would be more convenient or cost-effective for him if he (5)
made the same withdrawal from his own bank ATM.

7.9 Give ONE reason that can make John remain using the account he currently uses (2)
as expensive as it is.

7.10 State whether ATM is an acronym or abbreviation. (2)

7.11 Write down an acronym ATM in full. (2)

[30]

QUESTION 8
8. Themba is planning a trip to DBN. The distance from JBH to DBN is 571 km, and the bus
ticket costs R500. On the date he plans the trip, the flight ticket costs R720.
Below are the modes of transport that can be used for travelling to different location
points

(A) City to City bus that costs B) Taxi hire charges R50 plus R1,10

between R450-R796 per ticket. per km per person.

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C) Flight costs from R530 upwards. Source: [Link]

Use the above information and answer the questions that follow.

8.1 Determine the minimum ticket cost of the City-to-City bus. (2)

8.2 Determine the difference between minimum and maximum ticket cost for the City- (2)
to-City bus.

8.3 Under which condition would it be advisable to take a flight? Provide a reason for (2)
your answer.

8.4 Identify and explain the fixed cost for taxi hire. (3)

8.5 Advise the passenger (Themba) on choosing option based on cost-effectiveness

conditions. (4)

8.6 Give two reasons why a person may choose to use the bus over the taxi hire apart (4)
from the cost factor.

8.7 Determine the probability that Themba will travel using a motorbike. Write your (3)
answer as a percentage.

[20]

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QUESTION 9

9.1. Loadshedding is a problem that affects many South Africans.

TABLE 1 below shows the Mpofana Municipality tariff rates for domestic prepaid electricity
charges.

TABLE 1: MPOFANA MUNICIPALITY TARIFF RATES FOR DOMESTIC

PREPAID ELECTRICITY
Blocks Range (kWh) Rate: c/kWh excluding 15% VAT

Block:1 0 – 50 125.83
Block:2 51 – 350 161.79
Block:3 351 – 600 227.71
Block:4 Greater than 600 268.16

Adapted from Mpofana Municipality electricity tariffs

Use the above table to answer the questions that follow.

9.1.1 Define the term tariff in this context. (2)

9.1.2. Write down the unit that is used to measure electricity. (2)

9.1.3. Determine the maximum number of kWh for block 3. (2)

9.1.4. Convert the tariff for block 1 into rands. (2)

9.1.5. Write the acronym VAT in full. (2)

The Municipality uses the sliding scale to calculate the cost of the electricity
consumed in the table. For example, a family paid R 645.89, including VAT, for
electricity in a particular month.
9.2.

9.2.1. Calculate the price excluding VAT. (2)

9.2.2. Calculate the total cost, including VAT, for the family that consumed (4)
385.17 kWh.

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9.3 TABLE 2 below shows the total number of kWh for block 2
.

TABLE 2 Number of kWh for Block 2

Number of kWh 0 50 100 150 200 A 300

Cost (R) 0 62.92 125.84 B 251.68 314.60 377.52

Use the above table and answer the questions that follow.

9.3.1. Formulate the equation that can be used to calculate the cost for block 2 (2)

9.3.2. Determine the values of A and B (3)

9.3.3. Name two ways that can be used to save electricity (4)

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 QUESTION 10

10.1 The Thompson family lives in Cape Town. The Cape Town Municipality calculates the
cost of water consumed using the water tariff system shown in TABLE 1 below.

TABLE 1: WATER TARIFFS

Block Range (Kl) Tariff R /kl
(Excluding 15% VAT)
1 0–6 R22.52
2 > 6 - 10.5 R30.96
3 > 10.5 – 35 R42.07
4 > 35 R77.63
Adapted from [hptts//[Link]]

Use the above table to answer the questions that follow.

10.1.1. Define the term tariff using the above context (2)

10.1.2. Write, in simplified form, the ratio of the number of kl usage in block 2 to (3)
the number of kl usage in block 1

10.1.3. The Municipality implements a 5.5% increase in water tariffs. Calculate (3)
the new tariff amount excluding VAT for block 2

10.1.4. In a particular month, the Thompson family consumed 22.7 kl of water.

Calculate the total cost, including 15% VAT, that the family will pay. (4)

10.1.5. Give two ways in which water can be saved (2)

10.2 The advert below shows tariffs for different data bundle plans from Telkom.

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 Extracted from [Link]/Telkom 2nd November 2024-10 January 2025
Use the above advert to answer the questions that follow.

10.2.1. Write down the amount payable for 10 GB in words (2)

10.2.2. Calculate the difference in amount payable for 6 GB and 4 GB (2)

10.2.3 Convert 8 GB to MB if 1 GB =1 000 MB (2)

10.2.4. Calculate the number of days for which the advert is valid (2)

10.2.5. Thabo has a FLEXON 4 plan contract. In January 2025, he needs an

extra 2.5 GB of data. Telkom sells data at R 79 per GB on a Top – Up
plan. How much will he pay for January if he buys the extra data? (3)
[25]

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QUESTION 11
Luyanda runs a small business that bakes and sells custard pies in Durban CBD. She lives
in Lamontville, 15 km away from town. She wakes up at 03:30 every morning to bake
these custard pies and returns at 13:00 after selling them. The custard pies are circular in
shape with a diameter of 160 mm. She uses a rectangular baking tray with a Length of 60
cm, a Width of 40 cm, and a Height of 5 cm.

Below is a picture of circular custard pies in a rectangular baking tray with the ingredients
to be used.

Picture Ingredients (batch of 8 Pies)

PREP TIME BAKING TIME

30 min 20 min

Source: Adapted from [Link]

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

11.1 Define the term diameter in the given context. (2)

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11.2 Determine the number of cups of milk that are required for this recipe. (2)

11.3 Calculate the total time taken to prepare and bake the pies. (2)

11.4 Determine the ratio of the baking time to prep time in a simplified form. (2)

11.5 Determine the time format in the above context. (2)

11.6 Calculate the perimeter of the baking tray in centimetres.

You may use the following formula:
Perimeter = 2 x (Length + Width) (2)

11.7 Identify the formula which is used to calculate the volume of a rectangular
shape.
Write down the letter of your answer ONLY.
A. Volume = ℼr2 × h
B. Volume = 1 /2 b × h
C. Volume = s × s × h
D. Volume = l × b × h
(2)

11.8 Determine the area occupied by 8 custard pies on the tray, in square cm.
You may use the formula:

𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆 = 3.142 × 𝒓𝟐 (5)

11.9 Luyanda received an order for 32 people. Determine the number of cups (2)
of white sugar that will be needed.

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11.10 Luyanda received an order of 5 dozen pies. She claims she will need to
bake 8 trays to finish the order. Verify if her claim is correct. (5)

11.11 Luyanda is taking a bus into town. If the bus takes 25 minutes to arrive,
determine its average speed in km/h. Round off your answer to the
nearest 10.

You may use the formula:

𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 (4)
𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐝 = 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

11.12 The recipe shows that the custard pies are baked at 350°F. Convert this
temperature to the nearest °C.

You may use the formula:

(3)
°C = (°F - 32) ÷ 1,8

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 QUESTION 12

12.1 The Gwala family lives in a deep rural area in Bergville. In the past few months, they have
been experiencing a water shortage. They have decided to buy a barrel to help them retain
enough water. The barrel has a height of 930 mm and a diameter of 590 mm, and it has
two calibre lids with diameters of 55 mm each.

Below is the picture of a barrel.

Source: Adapted from [Link]

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

12.1 Differentiate between the radius and the diameter (4)

12.2 Calculate the radius of the barrel in centimetres. (3)

12.3 Convert the weight of the barrel to grams. (2)

12.4 Calculate the area occupied by TWO caliber lids in square mm.
You may use the formula:

36
 Area of a circle = 3.142 ×r2 (5)

12.5 Mrs Gwala is concerned about the small openings in the calibers. She plans to
cut off the entire top of the barrel along the circumference.

Calculate the circumference of the top.

You may use the formula:
circumference = 2ℼr (3)

12.6 Determine the number of days a 200-litre barrel full of water will last if the
family's average daily water use is 40 litres. (3)

12.7 Calculate the volume of the barrel in cubic centimetres.

You may use the formula:
Volume of a cylinder = ℼr2 × h (4)

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QUESTION 13
Miss Gumede lives in Richards Bay with her family. She plans to visit her cousin in
Polokwane, located in Limpopo Province. She refers to the map below to plan her trip.

Map of South Africa

Adapted [Link]

Use the map and information above to answer the questions that follow:

13.1. Identify the type of scale used on this map. (2)

13.2 Give ONE advantage of the given scale. (2)

13.3 Write down the number of national roads found on this map. (2)

13.4 Name the province(s) located on the western side of KwaZulu Natal. (2)

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13.5 State the general direction of Johannesburg from Durban. (2)

13.6 Use the scale given to determine the distance to the nearest (km) between Richards
Bay and Polokwane if the measured distance is 6 cm on the map. (5)

13.7 Miss Gumede decided to rest after travelling 300 km. She claims that she will need
5 stops. Verify that her statement is valid by showing all calculations. (3)

13.8 Name the country located in the southern direction of Johannesburg. (2)

13.9 Miss Gumede stays in Richards Bay, but she will travel to Polokwane.
Give detailed directions for her trip. (4)

13.10 Identify the national road(s) she will use to travel from Richards Bay to Polokwane
via Mpumalanga Province. (2)

13.11 Name the town located in the Southern direction from Beaufort West. (2)

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QUESTION 14

Mr Smith is a teacher at Mdladla Secondary School, he is preparing for March exams.

The diagram below shows the seating plan for the class.

1:500
Adapted [Link]

Use the plan and information above to answer the questions that follow:

14.1 Define the term scale in the given context. (2)

40
14.2 Write the number of windows found on the floor plan. (2)

14.3 Determine the ratio of doors to windows. (2)

14.4 Write down the number of learners that can sit in the class. (2)

14.5 Give the general direction of the teacher's desk from the door. (2)

14.6 Use the given scale to determine the actual length and width in meters (m) if the
measured length is 80 mm and 60 mm. (4)

14.7 Write the scale given in words. (2)

14.8 Determine the number of rows that are in the class. (2)

14.9 Give ONE disadvantage of a given scale. (2)

14.10 Does the classroom have a window in the Northern direction? Explain your
answer. (3)

14.11 Determine items that are located in the North West direction. (2) `

41
QUESTION 15

15.1 The floor plan of Miss Kirsten’s house is shown in the figure below.

FLOOR PLAN OF MISS KIRSTEN’S HOUSE

1:150

Source: Adapted from [Link]

Keys: Door
Window
Use the floor plan above to answer the questions that follow

15.1.1 Define the term floor plan in the given context. (2)

15.1.2 Identify the type of scale shown above. (2)

15.1.3 Give ONE disadvantage of using the scale identified in 15.1.2 (2)

15.1.4 Determine the number of windows and doors in the house. (4)

15.1.5 Determine the probability of finding a door that opens towards the left. Give
your answer as a decimal. (3)

42
 15.1.6 Determine the number of entrances into the house and give their location. (3)

15.1.7 Write down the description of two objects shown in the kitchen. (4)

15.1.8 Give the general direction of bedroom one from the kitchen. (2)

15.1.9 Identify the room(s) that will receive sunlight during sunrise. Give the (3)
reason for your answer.

15.1.10 Miss Kirsten states that the area of bedroom number one (bedroom #1) is 16
m2. Calculate whether this statement is valid.
You may use the following formula: (7)
Area = length × width

15.2 Miss Kirsten’s bedroom should be tiled as soon as possible. The floor tile dimensions
are 500 mm × 500 mm. When buying tiles, you must buy 5% more to cater for
breakages. The cost of tiles per box is R129.90. Each box consists of four tiles.
NOTE: All items, such as beds and cupboards, are movable, and tiling will be done
before they are installed.

15.2.1 Determine the number of tiles required to tile the bedroom. (6)

15.2.2 Calculate the number of boxes that need to be bought. (4)

15.2.3 Determine the amount Miss Kirsten will pay to buy tiles for her bedroom. (4)

43
QUESTION 16
16. Nosipho is a teacher at Christian Primary School. To promote collaboration in her classroom,
learners were assigned seats based on their levels of performance. Below is the seating plan
for her classroom.
Teacher’s Desk

22 16
01 03 29 17
15 11
28 20 05 27
30 21
06 23 19 09
12 24
18 07 08 13
02 10
31 14 04 25
26

Use the diagram above to answer the questions that follow.

16.1 Define the term seating plan in the given context. (2)

16.2 What is the general direction is the teacher’s desk from seat 26? (2)

16.3 Identify the seat numbers that are third from the last row and directly opposite the
teacher's desk. (2)

16.4 If a learner in seat 20 wants to go to seat 22. Describe the possible direction she will
have to follow without disturbing the lesson. (3)

16.5 Write down the total number of learners seated in the classroom. (2)

16.6 The scale used on the seating plan is 1:40. Describe the meaning of the scale in
words. (2)

16.7 Determine the actual length (in meters) of the teacher’s desk on the seating plan if
its scaled length is 20 mm. (3)

44
 16.8 What is the probability of finding a seat numbered 34? Give your answer as a
percentage. (2)

16.9 Give one reason why the teacher’s desk is in the centre at the front of the
classroom. (2)

QUESTION 17
17.1
Mr and Mrs Luthuli noticed that they were spending too much money. They looked at their
expenditures for February. Their findings are given below in TABLE 1.

TABLE 1: MR AND MRS LUTHULI’S EXPENDITURE FOR MARCH

Bond repayment on house R100 000 per year

School fees for 3 children R1 950 per month (each)
Clothing accounts R1 560 per month
Insurance R1 300 per month
Retirement policy R 350 per month
Church contributions R 400 per month
Bank charges R 160 per month
Source: Adapted from [Link]

Use TABLE 1 and the information above to answer the questions that follow.

17.1.1 Calculate the monthly payment on the items that are quoted per year. (2)

17.1.2 How much did the Luthuli’s spend in February? (3)

17.1.3 Mr and Mrs Luthuli together earn R17 000 per month. How much was left after all
expenses were paid? (2)

45
 17.1.4 Mr Luthuli conducts extra classes for Mathematical literacy on weekends. He
charges R100 per day for his lessons for every learner attending. If the total
amount he received was R3 500, calculate the number of participating learners. (3)

17.1.5 The Luthuli’s need to reduce their expenditure. Suggest TWO ways in which they
can achieve this. Explain your answers. (4)

17.2
Mr Luthuli decides to sell one of his cars and wants to buy a motorbike in order to save
money.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

17.2.1 He bought his car for R98 000 and is selling it for R55 000. Calculate Mr Luthuli’s
percentage loss. (3)

17.2.2 Define the term loss in the given context. (2)

17.2.3 Write R98 000 in words. (2)

17.2.4 Mention TWO reasons why Mr Luthuli decided to sell his car at a cheaper price.
(4)
[25]

46
QUESTION 18
18.1. TABLE 2 below shows a rough statement of Miss Zwane’s income and expenditure items
for a month. Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

TABLE 2: INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR MISS ZWANE

ITEM AMOUNT
Salary R21 750
Groceries R2 000
Rent ---------
Petrol R1 100
Car payment R1 600
Electricity ---------
Clothing R450
Insurance R320
Entertainment R600
TV repair R 200

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

18.1.1 Construct an income and expenditure statement from the information given
above. (4)

18.1.2 Name ONE variable and ONE fixed expenditure item. (2)

18.1.3 Miss Zwane spends a total of R3 700 on electricity and rent combined. If the
ratio of electricity to rent is 1: 4, determine the amount she pays for electricity.
(4)

18.1.4 Calculate the percentage of Miss Zwane’s groceries from her salary. (3)
Round your answer off to the nearest percentage.

18.1.5 Give ONE reason why Miss Zwane considers TV repairs as occasional
expenses. (2)

47
18.2.
Mr Mahlambi earns a net salary of R17 700 per month after deductions. He budgets
every month as follows:

TABLE 3: MAHLAMBIS BUDGET FOR JUNE

MONTHLY INCOME MONTHLY EXPENDITURE
Salary after deductions R15 700 Bond Payment R5 000
Commission R2 000 Municipal rates R350
Electricity R450
Food R2 550
Clothes and cell phone A
(12% of the total monthly income)
TOTAL R17 700 TOTAL B

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

18.2.1 Calculate the values of B. (2)

18.2.2 Mr Mahlambi calculated that the value of A is R2 124.

Show how Mr Mahlambi calculated A and how much he anticipates spending on
(2)
clothes and cellphones in June.

18.2.3 How much money does Mr Mahlambi have left after paying all his expenses? (3)

18.2.4 Show through calculations that the municipal rates are 17,5% of the commission.
(3)

48
QUESTION 19
19.1 Anele wishes to buy a bed as a Mother’s Day present. He saw the advert below and
decided to buy the bed. He has two options for buying the bed (cash or a loan at
Connect Financial Solutions), and he decided to take a loan at Connect Financial
Solutions.
NOTE: Connect Financial Solutions offers loans to customers who cannot afford to
buy the furniture in cash and charges interest on the borrowed amount to pay for the
furniture
Below is the advertisement from Connect Financial Solutions.

Source [Link]

Use the advertisement above to answer the questions that follow.

19.1.1 Identify the financial institution offering a loan for this bed. (2)

19.1.2 Define the term interest according to the given context. (2)

19.1.3 Express the deposit as a percentage of the cash price. (2)

19.1.4 Determine the total interest paid on a credit purchase. (2)

49
 19.1.5 Show how the credit price was calculated. (2)

19.1.6 Give ONE disadvantage of taking a loan. (2)

19.2 Andile is a grade 10 learner from Thembuzulu High School. He won

R18 000 and decided to invest one-third of his winnings over three years to pay
for his tertiary studies. He has TWO options: Option 1, Bank A offers 5% p. a
Simple Interest. Option 2, Bank B offers 4, 5% p. a Compound interest,
compounded annually. He decided to invest at Bank A for two years and the
remaining year at Bank B.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

19.2.1 Define the term interest rate according to the given context. (2)

19.2.2 Express the interest rate at Bank B as a decimal. (2)

19.2.3 Determine the principal amount to be invested. (2)

19.2.4 Calculate the amount he will accumulate at the end of two years. (4)

19.2.5 Determine the value of the compound interest. (3)

19.2.6 He claims that his accumulated interest after three years will be above
R1 500. Verify whether his claim is VALID. (3)

50
QUESTION 20
20.1. Mr Cele owns a double-storey house, and he would like to paint it.
He calculated the total cost at R15 000, including labour and material costs. The quotation
price is exclusive of VAT.

Adapted from [Link]

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

20.1.1 Calculate the VAT inclusive price of the total cost. (2)

20.1.2 Determine the VAT amount to be paid by Mr Cele (2)

20.2 Mr Cele wants to invest R10,000 in a fixed deposit account for two years at an interest rate of 7, 5
% p.a. compounded annually. He intends to use the money to buy painting materials and pay the
workers.

20.2.1 Define the term compound interest according to the given context. (2)

20.2.2 Write the interest rate per annum as a decimal. (2)

20.2.3 Calculate the accumulated amount after two years. (5)

51
 20.2.4 Mr Shozi claims that Mr Cele would accumulate more money if he invested
R10 000 at 7.7% p.a. simple interest for two years. Verify if his claim is Valid. (4)

20.3 Mr Cele realises that his savings from the fixed deposit account will not be enough to
cover the total costs. He will borrow the outstanding amount from the Bank at 4.5 % p.a.
simple interest for one year.

Use the above information to answer the questions that follow

20.3.1 Determine the outstanding balance, rounded off to the nearest thousand rand.
(3)
20.3.2 Hence, calculate the total amount he will pay to the bank. (2)

20.4 The workers prefer to be paid in cash.

Mr Cele has to withdraw R5 556 from the bank ATM.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow

20.4.1 Determine the bank charges for his transaction.

You may use the formula:
Bank transaction fee = R2, 00 + R1, 20 per R100 or (part thereof) (3)

20.4.2 Explain the meaning of part thereof in the formula above. (2)
[27]

52
QUESTION 21
21.1
Samkelo is working at KNG company as a packer of wooden pallets. Pallets are
delivered to different factories with a single flat deck truck. The dimensions of the pallet
and truck are given below

Square base pallet Flat deck delivery truck

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

Each Side = 1,2 m Dimensions of the loading part
Thickness = 15 cm Length: 8 m
Width: 3 m
[Source: [Link]]

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

21.1.1 Determine the thickness of the pallet in m

(2)

21.2.2 Calculate the volume of the pallet in 𝒎𝟑 . (2)

You may use the formula:
𝑽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝟐 × 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔

21.1.3 Calculate the area of the flat deck truck where pallets are loaded.
You may use the formula: (2)

𝑨=𝒍×𝒘

21.1.4 Determine how many pallets can fit at the base of the truck.
(5)

53
 21.1.5 A traffic officer told Samkelo that the maximum height of pallets in the truck
must not exceed 2.8 meters. To comply with this requirement, Samkelo stated
that he needed to load 18 layers of pallets. Use calculations to verify if
(4)
Samkelo’s statement is correct.

21.1.6 Hence, determine the total number of pallets the delivery truck can load. (2)

21.2
KNG Manager bought an item for his office and will assemble it there. The diagram below
shows the steps and instructions for assembling it.

[Source: [Link]]

Study the diagram above and answer the questions that follow.

21.2.1 Name the item that is being assembled.

(2)

54
 21.2.2 Determine the total number of screws needed to assemble the item.
(2)

21.2.3 Identify the tool used to tighten the screws.

(2)

21.2.4 Give two possible cautions while using the chair.

(2)

QUESTION 22
Mrs Msomi buys small cylindrical water containers from Richards Bay Chemicals and sells
them to his neighbours. He stores them in a storeroom.

Cylindrical water container Storeroom

Dimension:
Dimensions:
Diameter: 0,75m
Length: 10,5 m
Height: 1,0 m
Width: 6,5 m
Height: 3,2 m

Length: 8,5 m
Width: 4.7 m
Height: 3,1 m

55
 22.1.1 Determine the radius of the water container (in m). (2)

22.1.2 Calculate the perimeter of the base of the container

You may use the formula: (2)

𝑷 = 𝟐 × 𝟑, 𝟏𝟒𝟐 × 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔

22.1.3 Calculate the number of water containers that will fit along the length of the
storeroom if the diameter of the container is placed along the length of the storeroom. (3)

22.1.4 Determine the number of water containers that will fit along the width of the
storeroom. (2)

22.1.5 Calculate the number of containers that will fit on the storeroom floor. (2)

22.1.6 Calculate the total number of containers that will fit in the storeroom. (4)

22.1.7 Mrs Msomi claims that the height occupied by the containers is more than 90% of the (4)
storeroom height. Verify, using calculations if the statement is correct.
22.2
Use the diagram and instructions above to answer the questions that follow.

22.2.1 Determine the number of drawers the cupboard has (2)

22.2.2 Give two reasons why it is important to use the plastic blocks (2)

22.2.3 Determine the total number of plastic blocks needed (2)

56
TEST 1

Mr and Mrs Phakade have four children, and they stay in Mahikeng. Mr Phakade and his
family visited Durban during Easter holidays. He rented a seven-seater car from Invest car
rental company that uses 6,9 litres of petrol per 100 km. The distance from Mahikeng to
Durban and back (return trip) is 1 678 km. Mr Phakade and his family travelled 1 895 km in
total.

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

1 Write down the number of seats of the car hired. (2)

2 Calculate the distance of a single trip from Mahikeng to Durban. (3)

3 Calculate as a percentage, the kilometres of a single trip to the total kilometres

travelled. (3)

4 Calculate the difference between the total kilometres travelled and the return trip
kilometres between Mafikeng and Durban. (3)

5 Express the difference in question 4 to total kilometres travelled as a unit ratio. (3)

6 Give ONE possible reason for the extra kilometres travelled. (2)

7 Calculate the total number of litres (rounded to the nearest whole number) of petrol
needed for the total trip. (5)

8 After the return, Mr Phakade calculated that they used 10 litres of petrol more than
the expected litres (as calculated in question 7).

Give TWO possible reasons why they used more petrol than the expected litres. (4)

9 During their holiday, the petrol price was R21,59 per 𝓁.

Mr Phakade claimed that he ended up paying more than R3 000 for petrol.

Verify if he’s statement is valid. (4)

10 After the family returned from the holiday,

the readings on the speedometer was
134839km.

Write the number of kilometres in words. (2)

57
Table 1 below shows the cost of renting a seven-seater car. The Invest car rental company
charges an initial fee of R2 000 and R2,50 for every kilometre travelled.

TABLE 1: COST OF RENTING A CAR

Number of 0 200 400 C 1000 1400 1800

km

Cost (R) A B 3000 3800 4500 5500 6500

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

11.1 Write the dependant variable. (2)

11.2 Write down the missing value of A. (2)

11.3 Calculate the value of B and C. (5)

11.4 Name the type of the relationship shown in the table. (2)

11.5 Use the ANSWER-SHEET provided to draw a graph of the relationship (6)
between the number of kilometres travelled and the cost of renting a
car.

11.6 Give ONE reason why car rental companies are important. (2)

58
ANSWER-SHEET

QUESTION 11.6

NAME OF LEARNER: CLASS: ___

7 000

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800

59
TEST 2

Mrs Gwayi received the above municipal invoice for electricity and refuse. Use the
document to answer the following questions:

1. What is her address (including the city that she lives in)? (2)

2. What is her account number? (2)

3. At which four stores or outlets can she pay this invoice? (4)

4. What is the opening balance on the municipal invoice? (2)

5. What is the closing balance on the municipal invoice? (2)

60
6. Show how the closing balance was calculated. (2)

7. According to the bill, when last did Mrs Gwayi make a payment to the
municipality? (2)

8. How much was her last payment? (2)

9. When is Mrs Gwayi’s payment due? (2)

10. What does it mean if an account is in “arrears”? (2)

11. Show how the ARREARS were calculated. (2)

61
 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Bar graph The graphical representation of data that uses bars to compare different categories of
data.

90° graph using bars to show frequencies (horizontal and vertical graph), the vertical
heights of a set of bars of equal breath represent the values of the dependant variable in a
data set.

Biased Biased question is the question containing factors that may influence the respondent to
question answer in a way that is not entirely true.

Broken line A graph that has numbers that alternate going up and down and do not keep to a curved
graph consistent line.

Categorical The data that is given in the form of words, names, or labels. It is generally descriptive
data in nature, as data classified and organized into categories.

Certain Definitely going to happen e.g. getting heads or tails when tossing a coin is certain.

Class Interval Data that is divided into a smaller number of categories

Classify Identify the type or class.

Compound bar (Also referred as vertical stack graph or component bar chart) display two or more sets
graph of data. However, it shows a part/whole relationship so you can easily see what amount
each data group makes up of the whole.

Compound Two or more events that happen, e.g. tossing a coin and rolling a dice.
events

contingency A two-way table representing the outcomes of an event.

table

Continuous The data that that is given as numbers including the decimal numbers and/or fractions.
data Numerical data (measurements like weight or age).

Data Information, series of observations, measurements, facts; collection and recording of

information for statistical investigation. It is raw information that has been collected,
without any organization or analysis.

62
Data collection Two-column table showing what is observed and how many times it was observed;
sheet items of information.

Data handling Data handling refers to the process of collecting, organizing, summarizing,

representing, and analyzing information.

Discrete Separate; distinct; opposite of continuous.

Discrete data Numerical data (fixed numbers like size of family). Data that can have only certain
values (quantities that can be counted, usually whole numbers).

Double bar The most common multiple bar graph that compares two sets of data.
graph

Equivalent Quantities that have the same value.

Estimate Roughly work out; roughly calculate.

Even Chances of any outcome happening are equal; if a normal six-sided dice is rolled, the
chance that any one of the numbers 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 could show is the same.

Event An activity e.g., rolling a single dice.

Fifty-fifty Chances of something happening or not happening are the same.

(even) outcome

Frequency (f) Number of times a data value is recorded

Frequency Table showing frequencies in organised form.

table
Table summarising the frequencies of all the data values in a data set.

Group Put into classes, sort, arrange, organise.

Grouped data The data given in the form of intervals.

Histogram 90° graph using adjacent bars to show frequencies of continuous numerical data with
many different values.

Areas of rectangles (continues; no gaps between them) show frequency of classes of

data.

63
 The graphical representation of continuous numerical data by way of bars to display the
frequency of the items in the data set.

Horizontal bar 90° bar graph using horizontal bars to compare or rank items like household
graph
sizes in a block of flats.

Impossible No chance of the outcome happening e.g. getting a 7 with an ordinary six-sided
outcome
dice.

Interview Record data by talking to someone face to face or over the telephone.

Inter-quartile The difference between quartile 3 and quartile 1

range
OR The difference between largest quartile and the smallest quartile.

Investigate Examine; look into; study

Likely/likeliho Chance of something happening is greater than the chance of it not happening.
od

Line graph A graph that uses line segments to connect data points and shows changes in data over
time

Maximum The highest or biggest value in the data set.

value

Mean Average of the values in a data set; sum of all the observed values divided by the
number of observations.

Mean [of a set Average: sum of all data values divided by the number of data values.
of data]

Measures of Numbers that tell more about the balance (middle values) in a data set (mode; median;
mean).
central
tendency

64
Measures of Numbers that tell how far data values in a data set lie apart; spread of numerical data set
spread (range, quartile, and percentiles).

Median Middle value in an ordered data set.

Median [of a Value that cuts an ordered data set in half.

set of data]

Methods of Methods of collecting data is interview, observation and research or survey.

collecting data

Minimum The lowest or smallest value in the data set.

value

Mode Value or values appearing most often in a data set.

Mode of a set Most common data value in a data set.

of data

Multiple bar A bar graph that displays two or more sets of data at once for easy comparison
graph

Notation System of figures/symbols to represent numbers, quantities or values.

Numerical data The data that is given in the form of numbers.

Outcome Result of a trial (experiment).

Outcome [fair] All outcomes are equally likely to occur.

Outliers Data value that lies an abnormal distance from the other data values in the data set. OR
Extreme low or extremely high value in the data set. OR The item or value in the data
set that differs significantly with other items or values

Percentiles The points that divide the data set into 100 equal parts.

Quartile 1 is the 25Th percentile i.e., the value at which 75% of the data set lies above
and 25% of the data set lies below it.

65
 Quartile 2 Is the 50th percentile i.e., the value at which 50% of the data set lies above
and 50% of the data set lies below it.

Quartile 3 is the 75th percentile i.e., the value at which 25% of the data set lies above
and 75% of the data set lies below it.

Pie Chart A circular diagram that is divided up into different sections or sectors.

A circle divided into sections illustrating the size for each category.

Population Entire source of data involved in an investigation; all the subjects included in a study or
survey in order to draw conclusions about that population as a whole.

Possible The chance that the event will happen or occur.

outcome

Prediction Statement describing the chance of an outcome to happen based on given information.

Probability Results of trial or experiment expressed as a fraction: number of favourable outcomes

[mathematical] divided by number of all possible outcomes.

Probability [of Likelihood of a particular outcome occurring, expressed as a number between zero and
an outcome] one.

Quantitative Data that can be measured and can be discrete or continuous.

data/
Numerical data

Quartile The values that divide a list of numbers into four equal parts.

Questionnaire List of questions that can be used to collect data.

An instrument consisting of questions for the purpose of collecting data.

Random The sampling method that allows every member of the population a chance of being
sampling included in the sample.

Range [of a Difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set. OR The difference
data set] between the maximum value and the minimum value in the data set.

66
Related [data Linked; connected.
sets]

Represent[data Draw; graph.

]

Representative Sample likely to give results similar to those obtained from studying the whole
sample population.

Sample Subset (small group) chosen from the population to represent the population. OR The
fraction of the entire group to be used in the collection of data

Sampling Choosing a representative sample.

Scatter plot A graph that is made by plotting ordered pairs in a coordinate plane to show the
relationship between two sets of data, but the points are not connected by a line.

Sort Put, organise into categories.

Stacked bar (Also known as stacked bar charts) Instead of displaying a compound bar graph with
graph bars side-by-side a stack bar graph divides the bar into segments. It is used to show how
one bar is divided into smaller parts

Survey Collect data from a group of people or objects.

Survey [biased] Survey containing factors that produce answers that do not represent a truthful picture of
the situation.

Tree diagram Diagram using branches to display all the outcomes of a series of trials.

Trend An upward or downward shift in the data set over time.

Two-way table A contingency table representing all possible outcomes of two trials taking place
together.

Un-grouped The data given as individual items or values.

data

Unlikely Chance of something happening is less than the chance of it not happening.

Variable A quantity that can take different values in a situation.

67
Vertical bar 900 bar graph using vertical bars to show change over time at discrete times like
graph absentees per day for three weeks

Very likely Chance of something happening is much greater than chance of it not happening.

Very unlikely Chance of something not happening is much greater than the chance of it happening.

Account A record of income and expenditure.

Balance This is the difference between debits and credits.

Bank statement The details of all the transactions made from one bank account in a given time

period.

Billion One-thousand million (one followed by nine zeros).

Break-even Break-even point is where the business is at an activity level (doing business) at which
point total cost = total sales, i.e. you have made enough income to cover the costs. At the
break-even point, you are making neither a profit nor a loss; from that point on you will
be making a profit with each sale (until new costs are incurred).

Budget A plan of how to spend money. An estimate of income and expenditure.

Bursary A sum of money given to you by an organisation to cover the cost of your formal
studies.

Commission The sum of money paid to an agent (usually a salesperson) that is a percentage of

the total value of goods sold by the agent.

Compound Interest charged on an amount due, but including interest charges to date
interest

Consumption The rate at which a commodity, such as water, electricity or fuel, is consumed.
rate

Cost-effective Best value for money.

68
Cost price This is the amount that it costs per unit to either manufacture or purchase an

item or to prepare for a service that will be delivered. This amount is pure cost,

no mark-up or profit has been added yet.

Capital Money that is owned by someone and used for the purpose of investing or

lending.

Cost rate The price of a product per mass, volume, length or time unit.

Exchange rate

The value of one currency relative to the value of another currency.

Expenditure

An amount of money that is spent on something.

Credit This is an entry in an account that shows a payment made into the account.

Credit balance The amount in the account is your own

Credit card A credit card is a service bank product that allows you to buy goods and pay for them at
the end of the month.

Credit limit The maximum amount you can spend on your credit card.

Debit When someone or an organisation takes money out of your account. An entry in

an account showing a payment made from an account.

Debit balance The amount owed to a lender or seller.

Debit order It is an arrangement whereby you give permission to a third party to withdraw money
from bank account on a regular basis.

Deposit A payment made into a bank account.

Disposable Income that is left over after all payments have been made.
income

Exchange rate The value of one currency relative to the value of another currency.

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Expenditure An amount of money that is spent on something.

Fine print The legal terms and conditions printed on a contract applicable to a transaction or

account.

Fixed deposit A single deposit invested for a fixed period at a fixed interest rate.

Fixed expenses These are amounts that must be paid every month and which stay the same, like

rent, school fees and transport costs.

Fund A source of money.

Gross income The total amount of all an individual’s income before deductions.

Hire purchase Goods and products such as furniture can be purchased using a longer term lease

or hire agreement (hire purchase); insurance is usually also added to the amount

payable until it is paid off.

Inflation An increase in the price of a basket of goods or services that is representative of

the economy as a whole.

Interest Money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use or loan of money. It can be

paid to you by a finance organisation or bank (in case of savings); or it may be

payable by you to a finance organisation on money you borrowed from the

organisation.

Interest rate This is the % rate of interest that will be charged on your loan amount, i.e. a
value
percentage value of the original loan amount.

Interest value This is the actual rand amount of interest that will be added to your loan.

Investment To put money into an organisation or bank (e.g., by buying shares), so as to gain

interest on the amount at a higher rate. Or Something in which you have invested
money.

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Invoice A comprehensive document that details all the work done or items sold, and what

costs are due.

Lay-bye It is a form of credit where the buyer pays a deposit and pays the balance in installments
while the shop keeps the item(s) until it has been paid off.

Loan A loan is an agreed sum of money that is lent by a bank or moneylender (e.g.

personal loan or home loan).

Luxury item or An item or service that is not essential for daily life, but which makes life easier
service
or more convenient.

Net pay The amount an employee “takes home” after income tax has been deducted.

Overdraft An overdraft is an arrangement you make with the bank that allows you to draw

more money than there is in your account.

PAYE (abbr.) Pay as you earn: tax taken off your earnings by your employer and sent to

the South African Revenue Service before you are paid (the balance).

Remittance slip A piece of paper that accompanies a payment and contains the most important details of
the transaction.

Salary An amount of money paid for the work you do. (This is normally paid monthly.)

Selling price This is the price at which something is offered for sale.

Simple interest Interest charged on the original amount due only, resulting in the same fee every time.

Statement A summary of transactions (debits and credits, or payments and receipts) made

on an account.

Tariff The rate charged for a service rendered, e.g. import duties, water consumption

cost, etc.

Tax A compulsory levy imposed on citizen’s earnings or purchases to fund the activities of
government.

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Taxable A service, purchase or item or earning that has tax applied to it.

Tax invoice Printed record of what was bought, what it cost, what was taxable, the tax amount,
method of payment, amount tendered, and change due, if any.

UIF (abbr.) Unemployment Insurance Fund: A government-run insurance fund which

employers and employees contribute to, so that when employees are retrenched

they can collect some earnings (a portion).

Variable Expenses that change over time or from one week/month to the next. These are
expenses
things that you usually pay or buy each month, but the amount changes e.g.

telephone and electricity costs.

VAT Value Added Tax (VAT) is a tax that is levied at 15% (currently in South

Africa) on most goods and services, as well as on the importation of goods and

services into South Africa.

VAT exclusive The price before VAT is added.

price

VAT inclusive The price after VAT is added.

price

Wages A wage is an amount of money paid to an employee normally based on a fixed

number of hours worked per week.

Withdrawal Money taken out of a bank account.

Zero rated These are goods that are exempt from VAT. Groceries that are basic foodstuffs
VAT items
are zero-rated in South Africa, e.g. brown bread, milk, mielie meal, samp, rice,

etc..

2-D models A diagram or picture having length and width only.

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2-dimensional A plan or design having length and width only, but possibly representing three
plans dimensional objects.

3-D models A dimensional construction of real-life objects.

Bar scales Presented as a picture, it means that if you placed a ruler next to this scale, you

could determine how many centimeters next to this scale, you could determine

how many centimeters represent the specified kilometers

Compound bar Graphs that contain multiple bars for each category of data, with each bar representing a
graphs different component of each category of the data.

Elevation map Information about the profile of a route as seen from the side.

Elevation plans Show the design and dimensions of the outside of a building from a side view.

Floor plan Shows the design and dimensions of the inside of a building, from a top view.

Highway A major road that links major cities.

Line graphs A diagram used to display data with a consistent trend.

Location: A particular place or position.

Map: A symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place drawn on a flat surface.

Model: A thing used as an example to follow and imitate an object (a three dimensional

figure or object)

National road Shows major roads linking major cities to each other.
map

North elevation Shows the side of the building that is in front of you when you are facing the compass
plan direction ‘North’

Number scale A number scale such as 1 : 50 000 means that 1 unit on the map represent 50 000 units
in real life

Scale Determines how many times smaller an object shown on a plan or map is that its actual
size

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Scale drawing A diagram of a real-life object drawn in proportion.

Scaled Show the design and dimensions of the outside of a building from a side view using a
elevation plans specific scale.

Map: A symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place drawn on a flat surface.

Street map A map of a small area such as a town or city.

Strip map A map of a section of a travelling route.

Route map Shows a specific route, for instance for an event, as seen from above.

Area The amount of two-dimensional space occupied by a2-D shape. The area of

a shape is the size of its surface.

BODMAS Brackets, of/orders (powers, squares, etc.), division, multiplication, addition,

subtraction. A mnemonic (reminder) of the correct order in which to do mathematical
operations.

Body mass A number calculated from an adult’s weight and height, expressed in units of kg/m2
index (BMI)

Breadth How wide something is. From the word “broad”.

Capacity The amount of space available to hold something. OR A measure of the volume a
hollow object can hold – usually measured in litres.

Circle A closed cure that is everywhere the same distance from the middle point.

Circumference Distance around a circle / the perimeter of a circle.

Conversion A change from one system / unit to another.

Cubed The power of three; multiplied by itself three times.

Cubic Shaped like a cube; having been multiplied by itself three times.

Cylinder A 3-dimensional object with congruent parallel sides and bases are circles.

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 A tall shape with parallel sides and a circular cross-section – think of a log of

wood, for example, or a tube.

Degrees Unit used to measure temperature in most countries.

Celsius

Diameter A straight line passing through the centre of a circle and touching the circle

at both ends, thus dividing the circle into two equal halves.

Dimension A measurable extent, e.g. length, breadth, height, depth, time. Physics, technical:

the base units that make up a quantity, e.g. mass (kg), distance (m), time (s).

Distance How far it is from one place to another, e.g. from one town to another or

from one point to another point.

Growth Charts Graphs consisting of a series of percentile cures that show the distribution of the growth
measurements of children.

Imperial A system of measurement using inches, pounds, feet, gallons and miles.
System

Length The measurement between two points, in a straight line, e.g. the length of a room.

Measure Using an instrument to determine size, weight etc.

Measuring Determine the value of a quantity directly, e.g. reading the length of an

object from a ruler or the mass of an object from a scale.

Metric System A system of measurement that uses metres, litres, kilograms, etc. A measurement
system, using a base of 10 (i.e. all the units are divisible by 10).

Perimeter The total distance around the boundary or edge that outlines a specific shape.

Pi π, the Greek letter p, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. A

constant without units, value approximately 3,142

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Radius The distance from the centre of the circle to any point on the circumference of the
circle.

Scale An instrument that is used to measure the weight of an object.

Surface Area The area of all the faces / surfaces of an object added together.

Volume The amount of 3-D space occupied by an object. It is measured in cubic units.

Weight An indication of how heavy an object is.

Event An event is something that may or may not happen when an action is performed.

Outcome This is the result of an event

Probability The likelihood of something happening or not happening.

Experiment Is a series of trials performed one after another.

Trial Is an action which may lead to a result.

Possible is any of the possible results of a trial.

outcome

Favourable is any of the possible outcomes which favour a specific event.

outcome

Actual is the actual result of a single trial.

outcome

Frequency The number of times that something happens.

Expected is the number of times one expects the outcome to occur during an experiment
frequency of an

outcome

Actual is the number of times the outcome actually occurs during an experiment.
frequency of an
outcome

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Frequency of Is the number of times that the event occurs during an experiment (a set of trials)
an event

Relative is the number of times outcomes occur divided by the total number of trials. i.e.
frequency

(experimental

probability) of
an event

Theoretical is worked out as number of possible successful outcomes divided by total number
probability
of outcomes.i.e.

Sample Space All the possible outcomes of an experiment.

Sample Point Just one of the possible outcomes

Random When something happens without being made to happen on purpose.

Fair Treated equally, without having an advantage or disadvantage.

A fair game Is a game in which there is an equal chance of winning or losing.

A fair coin is a coin that has equal probability of falling on a “head” or a “tail” when it is

tossed

Descriptions of the likelihood of an event occurring:

Impossible it has no chance of happening

● Unlikely it has a greater chance of not happening than of happening.

it has as much chance of happening as of not happening.

Even (equally It is equally likely to happen as to not happen.

likely)

● Likely it has a greater chance of happening.

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Certain it is certain that it will happen.

Compound are two or more events happening at once.

events

Independent are events such that the probability of one event occurring in no way affects the
events
probability of the other event occurring.

Dependent Events are dependent if the occurrence of either event affects the probability of
events
the other.

Mutually means we can't get both events at the same time. (It is either one or the other,
Exclusive
but not both)

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