Changing Economic World (Changing UK Economy) Revision Summary Sheet
"Economic futures in - Economic change relates to the industry sectors; Primary (agriculture, mining),
the UK: Secondary (manufacturing), Tertiary (service), Quaternary (research), and
• causes of Quinary (government, management).
economic change: - Before 1800 most people worked in primary, then the industrial revolution moved
globalisation and us into steel and textiles (secondary). In recent decades it has changed again,
government policies, with a decrease in primary and secondary and increase in tertiary and above -
de-industrialisation health care, offices, retailing, financials. Very recently the quaternary sector has
and decline of developed with jobs in IT. This led to the decline of the traditional industrial base.
traditional industrial - Government policies: 1945-80 creation of state run coal board, british rail, steel,
base money spent propping up declining industries. 70s had strikes and social unrest.
• moving towards a 1980-2010 state industries sold off privately for more competitive business,
post-industrial innovation and change, financial centres. 2010+ rebalance economy, rebuild
economy: manufacturing sector, improve infrastructure hs2, investment, loans, global firms
development of relocating. High labour costs and outdated machinery issues.
information - Globalisation is the spread of ideas around the world. Cheaper manufacturing is
technology, service done abroad, so de industrialisation occurred, decline in secondary and tertiary.
industries, finance Machines and tech replace people, lack of investment
and research, and - Post-industrial economy secondary declines and tertiary rises. IT developments
science and allow more data, fast comms, internet access. Service industries develop, 80%
business parks " economic output to 45% 1950. London is a leading financial centre. Business
parks developed to help quaternary research sector and businesses
• impacts of industry - BAS (British antarctic survey) conduct scientific research in the arctic and
on the physical antarctic. Uses ships, aircraft, and research stations, monitors human impact on
environment. An ecosystems
example of how - Manufacturing plants look dull, negative effect on visual landscape, air water and
modern industrial soil pollution, waste products are taken to landfill, transport of materials and
development can be products pollutes
more - Tech can be used, desulphurisation to remove gases, stricter environmental
environmentally targets, fines. Eg Tor Quarry somerset, has wildlife lakes, limestone features,
sustainable landscaped land, monitoring of effects, rail transport
• improvements and - Rail infrastructure: HS2 connects london to birmingham and sheffield. Quicker
new developments commute. Cross link in london (elizabeth line) quicker, 200mil users / year
in road and rail - Road improvements: £15bn road investment strategy, 100 new road schemes,
infrastructure, port 1300 lane miles to motorways, extra lanes. South west super highway tunnel
and airport capacity around stonehenge to avoid disruption
- New heathrow runway, extending current one, or gatwick runway
- Liverpool2 new port for 1.5mil containers a year, major economy boost
• the North–South - North south divide is cultural and economic differences between south (south
divide. Strategies east, london, south west, east) and north (yorkshire, humber, north east/west)
used in an attempt to - HS2, motorway upgrade, Liverpool2, Mersey gateway toll bridge, local enterprise
resolve regional partnerships between authorities and businesses to encourage investing like in
differences lancashire, enterprise zones
• the place of the UK - The UK has major trade connections around the world, mainly with exports and
in the wider world. imports with USA, Germany, China, France, and other european countries
Links through trade, - Cultural links include the english speaking countries but also food fashion films
culture, transport, festivals and music can also link
and electronic - Heathrow connects to the rest of the world
communication. - Electric communication like fiber optic cables to new york or france. Africa has
Economic and less developed communications as it lagged in industrialisation
political links: the - The European Union is a trading group which includes 28 countries. Britain is
European Union leaving due to problems with laws affecting eg immigration and money
(EU) and - The Commonwealth is a group of mainly ex-colonies that hold the commonwealth
Commonwealth games and have a secretariat. 53 countries total.
