Experiment 28
Aim: Write a C program to add two distances in inch & feet using the concept of structures.
Concept Used:
1. Structure: A structure is used to group related variables under one name. In this case, the structure
will hold the inches and feet of a distance.
2. Addition Logic:
• Add the feet values and inch values separately.
• If the total inches exceed 12 (as 1 foot = 12 inches), convert the extra inches into feet.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
struct distance{
int feet;
float inch;
};
int main(){
struct distance d1, d2, sum;
printf("Enter first distance (feet inch): ");
scanf("%d %f", &d1.feet, &d1.inch);
printf("Enter second distance (feet inch): ");
scanf("%d %f", &d2.feet, &d2.inch);
sum.feet = d1.feet + d2.feet;
sum.inch = d1.inch + d2.inch;
if (sum.inch >= 12.0)
{
sum.feet += (int)(sum.inch / 12);
sum.inch = (int)sum.inch % 12;
}
printf("Sum of distances: %d feet %.2f inches\n", sum.feet, sum.inch);
return 0;
}
Output:
Experiment 29
Aim: Write a C program to add two complex numbers using the concept of structures in C.
Concept Used:
1. Complex Numbers:
• A complex number has two components: real part and imaginary part.
• To add complex numbers, add their respective real parts and imaginary parts.
2. Structure: Use a structure to represent a complex number with two fields: real and
imaginary.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
struct complex{
float real;
float imag;
};
int main(){
struct complex c1, c2, sum;
printf("Enter first complex number (real and imaginary parts): ");
scanf("%f %f", &c1.real, &c1.imag);
printf("Enter second complex number (real and imaginary parts): ");
scanf("%f %f", &c2.real, &c2.imag);
sum.real = c1.real + c2.real;
sum.imag = c1.imag + c2.imag;
printf("Sum of complex numbers: %.2f + %.2fi\n", sum.real, sum.imag);
return 0;
}
Output:
Experiment 30
Aim: Write a program in C to store the information of five employees using both concepts i.e. array
of structure and array within structure.
Concept Used:
1. Array of Structures:
• An array of structures allows storing multiple instances of a structure. For example, each
element of the array represents one employee.
• Used when multiple objects with the same data type need to be managed.
2. Array within Structure:
• A structure can contain arrays as its members. For example, an array to store marks or skills
within a structure representing an employee.
• Useful to represent additional details about each object as an array.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
struct Employee {
int emp_id;
char name[50];
float salary;
int skills[5];
};
int main() {
struct Employee employees[5];
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Enter details for employee %d\n", i + 1);
printf("Employee ID: ");
scanf("%d", &employees[i].emp_id);
getchar();
printf("Employee Name: ");
fgets(employees[i].name, sizeof(employees[i].name), stdin);
printf("Salary: ");
scanf("%f", &employees[i].salary);
printf("Enter skills ratings (5 values) for employee %d: \n", i + 1);
for(j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
scanf("%d", &employees[i].skills[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\nEmployee Details:\n");
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("Employee %d\n", i + 1);
printf("ID: %d\n", employees[i].emp_id);
printf("Name: %s", employees[i].name);
printf("Salary: %.2f\n", employees[i].salary);
printf("Skills Ratings: ");
for(j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
printf("%d ", employees[i].skills[j]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Experiment 31
Aim: Write a Program in C to find and replace a specific string in a file and also display the total
number of appearances of that string.
Concept Used:
• File Handling: fopen(), fgets(), fprintf(), fclose() for reading and writing files.
• String Functions: strstr(), strcpy(), strlen() for finding and replacing substrings.
• Temporary File Use: Write changes to a temp file, then replace the original.
• Counting Occurrences: Loop with strstr() to count matches.
• Line-by-Line Processing: Read and modify the file line by line.
• Pointer Manipulation: Used for locating and replacing substrings in lines.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
FILE *fp1, *fp2;
char line[1000], word[100], replace[100];
int count = 0;
char *pos, buffer[1000];
printf("Enter word to find: ");
scanf("%s", word);
printf("Enter word to replace with: ");
scanf("%s", replace);
fp1 = fopen("a.txt", "r");
fp2 = fopen("b.txt", "w");
while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp1)) {
char *ptr = line;
while((pos = strstr(ptr, word)) != NULL) {
count++;
int len = pos - ptr;
strncpy(buffer, ptr, len);
buffer[len] = '\0';
strcat(buffer, replace);
strcat(buffer, pos + strlen(word));
strcpy(ptr, buffer);
}
fputs(line, fp2);
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
remove("a.txt");
rename("b.txt", "a.txt");
printf("Total occurrences replaced: %d\n", count);
return 0;
}
Output:
