Scribd
Upload
14 views1 page

Tutorial 6

The document is a tutorial on algebraic structures, specifically focusing on semigroups, groups, rings, and fields. It includes exercises to determine the properties of various algebraic systems, such as whether they form semigroups or groups, and explores ring and field structures with specific examples. Key topics include operations on sets, identity elements, inverses, and the properties of modular arithmetic.

Uploaded by

ibrahemashhab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views1 page

Tutorial 6

The document is a tutorial on algebraic structures, specifically focusing on semigroups, groups, rings, and fields. It includes exercises to determine the properties of various algebraic systems, such as whether they form semigroups or groups, and explores ring and field structures with specific examples. Key topics include operations on sets, identity elements, inverses, and the properties of modular arithmetic.

Uploaded by

ibrahemashhab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Discrete Math.

& Linear Programming BES 114


Tutorial #6
”Algebraic Structures (Groups, Rings, and Fields)”

1. Algebraic Structures: Semigroups and Groups

(a) Consider the algebraic system G = (G, ∗), where G = {0, 1, 2} and ∗ is defined by the following
operation table:

∗ 0 1 2
0 0 1 2
1 1 2 0
2 2 0 1
(i) Show that (G, ∗) forms a semigroup.
(ii) Determine whether (G, ∗) is a group. Justify your answer.
(iv) Determine all possible subgroups of G, if any.
(b) Determine whether each of the following algebraic structures forms a group, semigroup, or
neither. Justify your answers. If it is a group, identify the identity and inverses.
(i) (A, ·), where A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and · is multiplication modulo 5.
(ii) (Z, +), the integers under addition.
(iii) (N, −), the natural numbers under subtraction.
(iv) (R \ {0}, ÷), the nonzero real numbers under division.

2. Ring Structures

(a) Let R = Z6 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} with operations of addition and multiplication modulo 6.


(i) Show whether R forms a ring.
(ii) Is R a commutative ring with unity? Justify your answer.

3. Field Structures

(a) Let Z5 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} with addition and multiplication modulo 5.


(i) Prove that Z5 is a field.
(ii) Find the multiplicative inverse of each nonzero element in Z5 .
(b) Consider the set Q of rational numbers with standard addition and multiplication.
(i) Show that Q is a field.
(ii) Does the set Q \ {0} form a group under multiplication? Justify.

You might also like