Aa¨vq Pvi

I‡qe wWRvBb cwiwPwZ Ges GBPwUGgGj

Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœvËimg~n
1| I‡qe‡cBR ej‡Z Kx?
DËit U¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g MwVZ ‡UK&ªUwfwËK WKz‡g›U hv B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g G‡K&ªm Kiv hvq|
A_ev
GBPwUGgGj WKz‡g›U‡K I‡qe‡cBR e‡j|
2| I‡qe A¨v‡Wªm ev BDAviGj Kx?
DËit cÖwZwU I‡qemvB‡Ui GKwU GKK wbw`©ó wVKvbv i‡q‡Q hv I‡qe A¨v‡Wªm ev BDAviGj bv‡g cwiwPZ|
3| I‡qemvBU Kx?
DËit GKB †Wv‡gB‡bi AšÍf©y³ GKvwaK I‡qe‡cB‡Ri mgwó‡K I‡qemvBU e‡j|
4| †Wv‡gBb †bg Kx?
DËit cÖwZwU I‡qemvB‡Ui AvBwc A¨v‡Wª‡mi wecix‡Z K¨v‡i±vi d‡g©i †h bvg e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †Wv‡gBb ‡bg ejv nq|
5| AvBwc Av‡Wªm Kx?
DËit ‡bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ hy³ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU wbw`©ó wVKvbv _v‡K hv AvBwc Av‡Wªm bv‡g cwiwPZ|
6| †cÖv‡UvKj Kx?
DËit B›Uvi‡b‡U Z_¨ Av`vb-cª`vb Kivi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj wbqg †g‡b Pj‡Z nq Zvi mgwó‡K †cÖv‡UvKj e‡j|
7| GBPwUwUwc Kx?
DËit ‡h ‡cÖv‡UvK‡ji gva¨‡g I‡qe mvfv©i Ges K¬v‡q›U Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K GBPwUwUwc e‡j|
8| I‡qe mvf©vi Kx?
DËit I‡qemvBU †h mvf©v‡i msiwÿZ _v‡K Zv‡K I‡qe mvf©vi e‡j|
9| K¬v‡q›U Kw¤úDUvi Kx?
DËit ‡h Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K I‡qe †cBR eªvDR Kiv nq Zv‡K K¬v‡q›U Kw¤úDUvi e‡j|
10| mvP© BwÄb Kx?
DËit B›Uvi‡b‡Ui AmsL¨ I‡qe mvf©vi †_‡K mn‡RB †Kvb Z_¨ Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ †h Uzj e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K mvP© BwÄb e‡j|
11| I‡qe mvBU cvewjwks Kx?
DËit ‡Kv‡bv I‡qe mvBU‡K B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q †`qv‡K I‡qemvBU cvewjwks e‡j|
12| †Wv‡gBb Kx?
DËit ‡Wv‡gBb ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e †Kv‡bv I‡qevmvB‡Ui bvg‡K †evSvq|
13| www Kx?
DËit www n‡”Q c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki mvf©v‡i ivLv ci¯úi ms‡hvM‡hvM¨ I‡qe †cB‡Ri wb‡`©kK|
14| nvBcviwjsK Kx?
DËit GwU GKwU we‡kl e¨e¯’v hvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ I‡qe‡cB‡Ri g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv nq|
15| eªvDRvi Kx?
DËit GwU GK ai‡bi md&UIq¨vi hvi gva¨‡g GKRb e¨enviKvix †Kvb I‡qemvB‡Ui ‡UK&ªU, Qwe ev wfwWI †`L‡Z ev
WvDb‡jvW Ki‡Z cv‡i|
16| Empty Tag Kx?
DËit ‡h mKj U¨v‡Mi I‡cwbs U¨vM Av‡Q wKš‘ †K¬vwRs U¨vM ‡bB Zv‡`i‡K Empty Tag e‡j|
17| wWGbGm Kx?
DËit ‡h c×wZ‡Z †Wv‡gBb †bg wbqš¿Y Kiv nq Zv‡K wWGbGm ev †Wv‡gBb †bg wm‡÷g ejv nq|
18| A¨vwUªweDU Kx?
DËit A¨vwUªweDU n‡jv I‡qe †cB‡R †Kvb wKQzi ˆewkó¨ wba©viK|
19| Uc ‡j‡fj †Wv‡gBb/‡R‡bwiK †Wv‡gBb Kx?
DËit †Wv‡gBb †bg c×wZ‡Z m‡e©v”P ¯Í‡ii †Wv‡gBb¸‡jv‡K Uc ‡j‡fj †Wv‡gBb e‡j|
[1]
20| GBPwUGgGj Kx?
DËit I‡qe‡cBR ‰Zix‡Z eûj e¨en„Z fvlv n‡”Q GBPwUGgGj|
21| U¨vM Kx?
DËit U¨vM n‡jv ‡KŠwYK eª¨v‡KU (< >) Gi g‡a¨ Ave× mywbw`©ó †Kvb wb‡`©‡ki mvs‡KwZK eY© ev eY©gvjv|
22| Gwj‡g›Um Kx?
DËit GBPwUGgGj Gi g~j Dcv`vb hv Øvi I‡qe‡cB‡Ri cÖwZwU Ask‡K eY©bv Kiv nq| I‡cwbs U¨vM, †K¬vwRs U¨vMmn
Gi ga¨eZ©x Ask Gwj‡g›Um bv‡g cwiwPZ|
23| †nvg †cBR Kx?
DËit ‡Kvb I‡qemvBU Gi cÖ_g †cBR‡K †nvg †cBR e‡j|
24| gvK©Avc Kx?
DËit gvK©Avc ej‡Z KZ¸‡jv U¨vM Gi mgwó‡K †evSvq|
25| aviK U¨vM Kx?
DËit †h mKj U¨v‡Mi I‡cwbs I †K¬vwRs U¨vM Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K aviK U¨vM ev K‡›UBbvi U¨vM e‡j|
26| I‡qe †cvU©vj Kx?
DËit I‡qe †cvU©vj GKwU I‡qemvBU †hLv‡b e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ ‡Kvb Z_¨ ev ‡mev Lye mn‡R Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
27| ÷¨vwUK I‡qe‡cBR/I‡qevmvBU Kx?
DËit ‡h I‡qe‡cB‡Ri †Kvb WvUvi gvb ev Kb‡U›U I‡qe‡cBR ‡jvW ev Pvjy Kivi ci cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K
÷¨vwUK I‡qe‡cBR/I‡qevmvBU e‡j|
28| WvBbvwgK I‡qe‡cBR/I‡qevmvBU Kx?
DËit ‡h I‡qe‡cB‡Ri †Kvb WvUvi gvb ev Kb‡U›U I‡qe‡cBR ‡jvW ev Pvjy Kivi ci cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Zv‡K ÷¨vwUK
I‡qe‡cBR/I‡qevmvBU e‡j|
29| ‡gUv U¨vM Kx?
DËit GK ai‡bi U¨vM hvi gva¨‡g mvP© BwÄbmg~n I‡qe‡cBR msµvšÍ wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i _v‡K|
30| B›Uvibvj nvBcviwjsK Kx?
DËit GKB mvfv©‡i ivLv †Kvb I‡qemvB‡Ui wewfbœ I‡qe‡cB‡Ri g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ B›Uvibvj nvBcviwjsK
e¨envi Kiv nq|
31| GK&ªUvibvj nvBcviwjsK Kx?
DËit wfbœ wfbœ mvf©v‡ii I‡qe‡cB‡Ri g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ GK&ªUvibvj nvBcviwjsK e¨envi Kiv nq|
32| ‡nvw÷s Kx?
DËit I‡qemvB‡Ui I‡qe‡cR¸‡jv ‡Kvb I‡qe mvf©v‡i ivLv‡K †nvw÷s e‡j|
33| eøM Kx?
DËit B›Uvi‡b‡U wbR¯^ gZvgZ cÖKvk Kivi RvqMv|
34| I‡qe †nvw÷s Kx?
DËit A‡_©i wewbg‡q †Kvb ‡nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwbi I‡qe mvf©v‡i I‡qemvB‡Ui hveZxq Z_¨ ivLvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó cwigvY RvqMv
eivÏ †`Iqv|
35| HTML Validator Kx?
DËit HTML Validator-GK ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg hvi gva¨‡g HTML wmbU¨v‡K&ª ‡Kvb fzj-ÎæwU wbY©q Kiv nq|

[2]
 HTML
html Gi c~Y©iƒc Hyper Text Markup Language.
html GKwU gvK©Avc fvlv hv I‡qe †cR ‰Zwi Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|
myweavmg~n
• I‡qe‡c‡Ri †Ug‡cøU ˆZwi Kiv hvq
• I‡qe dg© wWRvBb Kiv hvq
• _vW© cvwU© A¨vwcø‡Kkb e¨envi Kiv QvovB I‡qe †c‡R wfwWI Ges AwWI mshy³ Kiv hvq
• wewfbœ ai‡bi †UK&ªU dig¨vwUs Kiv hvq
• AvKl©bxq Uy WvB‡gbkbvj Wªwqs Kiv hvq
• Wª¨vM I Wª‡ci gva¨‡g †Kvb Dcv`vb GK RvqMv n‡Z Ab¨ RvqMvq ¯’vcb Kiv hvq
html Gi †gŠwjK welqmg~n
html Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‡gŠwjK Ask¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv:
• tag
• content
• attribute
▪ tag: U¨vM n‡jv ‡KŠwYK eª¨v‡KU (< >) Gi g‡a¨ Ave× mywbw`©ó †Kvb wb‡`©‡ki mvs‡KwZK eY© ev eY©gvjv|
U¨vM n‡jv GKwU eY©, kã ev k‡ãi mswÿß iƒc hv ‡KŠwYK eª¨v‡KU < ... > Gi g‡a¨ Ave× _v‡K| GKwU U¨vM
mvaviYZ †h bv‡g ïiæ nq ‡mB GKB bvg e¨envi K‡i †kl nq| A_©vr U¨v‡Mi ïiæ I †kl i‡q‡Q| U¨v‡Mi †kl
†evSv‡bvi Rb¨ diIqvW© ¯ø¨vk wPý Ô/ Õ e¨envi Kiv nq| ‡hgb-
<p> … … … </p> GKwU eY©

opening tag closing tag

<small> … … … </small> GKwU kã

<pre> … … … </pre> GKwU k‡ãi mswÿß iƒc

html U¨vM `yB ai‡bi|

• aviK U¨vM ev Container Tag: ‡h mKj U¨v‡Mi opening tag I closing tag Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K aviK
U¨vM e‡j| †hgb- <pre> … </pre>, _…, <del>…</del> BZ¨vw`|
• aviKwenxb U¨vM ev k~b¨ U¨vM ev Containerless Tag/ Empty tag: ‡h mKj U¨v‡Mi opening
tag wKš‘ closing tag ‡bB †m¸‡jv‡K aviKwenxb U¨vM e‡j| †hgb- <img>, <hr>, <br> BZ¨vw`|
▪ Dcv`vb ev content: GKwU I‡qe‡c‡R GKRb e¨enviKvix hv wKQz cÖZ¨ÿ ev Ae‡jvKb K‡i ZvB content|
I‡qe‡c‡R content wn‡m‡e text, audio, video, graphics I animation mshy³ Kiv nq| opening tag
I closing tag Gi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b mvaviYZ content mshy³ Kiv nq| †hgb-
<b> This text is bold. </b>

opening tag content closing tag

▪ Attribute: I‡qe‡c‡Ri ‰ewkó¨ wba©vi‡bi Rb¨ A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv nq| A_©vr A¨vwUªweDU html Dcv`vb
m¤ú‡K© AwaKZi Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
opening tag

<p style="color: red"> This text is bold. </p>

[3] content closing tag
attribute value
 opening tag Gi mv‡_ A¨vwUªweDU Gi eY©bv _v‡K Ges cÖwZwU A¨vwUªweDU Gi value _v‡K|
▪ html ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi MVb
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>...</title>
</head>
<body>...</body>
</html>
• <!doctype html> jvBbwU Øviv WKz‡g›U UvBc wWK¬v‡ikb †evSv‡bv nq| GwUi gva¨‡g eªvDRvi eyS‡Z
cv‡i †h, WKz‡g›UwU html 5 ÷vÛvW© Abymib K‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q|
• html Gi hveZxq Gwj‡g›U GKwU g~j Gwj‡g›U Gi wfZi ivLvi Rb¨ <html> e¨envi Kiv nq Ges
WKz‡g‡›Ui †kl †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ <html> e¨envi Kiv nq|
• <head> Gwj‡g‡›Ui wfZi I‡qe †cR m¤úwK©Z Z_¨, wewfbœ †mwUsm, ÷vBj, ¯ŒxÞ BZ¨vw` mshy³ Kiv nq|
I‡qe‡c‡Ri wk‡ivbvg cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ <title> e¨eüZ nq hv <head> Gi wfZi _v‡K|
• I‡qe‡c‡R `„k¨gvb mKj wKQzB <body> Gi wfZi mshy³ Kiv nq|

▪ Paragraph Tag Gi e¨envi

I‡qe‡c‡R †Kvb Aby‡”Q` ev Paragraph ms‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ <p> U¨vM e¨envi Kiv nq| ‡hgb-
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraph Tag</title>
html †cÖvMÖvgwUi </head>
eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z AvDUcyU <body>
<p> My First HTML Program. </p>
</body>
</html>

▪ Paragraph Tag Gi mv‡_ Attribute Gi e¨envi

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraph Tag with Attribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:blue" align="center"> Hyper Text Markup Language </p>
html †cÖvMÖvgwUi
</body>
</html> eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z
AvDUcyU
[4]
▪ Heading Tag Gi e¨envi
GKwU I‡qe‡c‡Ri Aby‡”Q‡` wk‡ivbvg mshy³ Kivi Rb¨ Heading U¨vM e¨envi Kiv nq| wk‡ivbvg mshy³ Kivi
Rb¨ html G QqwU Gwj‡g›U i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv‡K h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 Ges h6 Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ h1
me‡P‡q eo Ges h6 me‡P‡q †QvU wk‡ivbvgwewkó U¨vM|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Heading Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Chapter One: ICT: World & Bangladesh Perspective</h1>
<h2>Chapter Two: Communication Systems & Networking</h2>
<h3>Chapter Three: Number Systems & Digital Device</h3>
<h4>Chapter Four: Introduction to Web Design and HTML</h4>
<h5>Chapter Five: Programming Language</h5> html †cÖvMÖvgwUi
<h6>Chapter Six: Database Management System</h6> eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z
</body> AvDUcyU
</html>

▪ p tag Ges heading tag Gi e¨envi

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Heading & Paragraph Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center" style="color:green">Chapter One <br> World & Bangladesh Perspective</h1>
<p>ICT is the backbone of any digital initiative and it covers the vast area of information technology,
communication technology and telecommunication technology. The country is successfully leveraging this rising
penetration and has earned $1 billion in 2018 by exporting ICT products and services. <br><hr> On top of these,
the total number of Internet Subscribers has reached 93.70 million at the end of December 2019, can be seen as a
consequential blessing of the recent progressive steps taken by the present government and the growing ICT
sector.</p>
</body> [5]
</html>
 *jvBb †eªK †`qvi Rb¨ <br> Ges `ywU c¨vivMÖvd Gi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b Avbyf‚wgK †iLv †`qvi Rb¨ <hr> e¨envi nq|

Dc‡iv³ html †cÖvMÖvgwUi eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z AvDUcyU

▪ Text Formating tag Gi e¨envi

Text Formating tag Gi gva¨‡g GKwU I‡qe‡c‡Ri †UK&ªUmg~‡ni `„k¨gvb Ae¯’v‡K wewfbœfv‡e dig¨vU Kiv hvq|
GmKj U¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g I‡qe‡c‡R †UK&ªUmg~n wKfv‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡e Zv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i I AvKl©bxq K‡i Zzj‡Z
cv‡i| cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i ‡UK&ªU‡K †evì, BUvwjK, AvÛvijvBbmn wewfbœfv‡e dig¨vU K‡i Zv I‡qe‡c‡R `„k¨gvb Kiv
hvq|
wewfbœ ai‡bi Text Formating tag Gi g‡a¨ <b>, <i>, <u>, <small>, <big>, <sup>, <sub>, <em>,
<strong>, <marquee>, <blink>, <del> BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Text Formating Tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center" style="color:blue">Text Formating Tags</h1>
<marquee>HTML Text Formating tags examples continues...</marquee>
<p><b>ICT is the backbone of any digital initiative and it covers the vast area of information
technology, </b> <u>communication technology and telecommunication technology. </u> <i>The
country is successfully leveraging this rising penetration</i> and ^{has earned $1 billion in
2018} by exporting ICT products and services.<br><hr>
<pre>On top of these,
the total number of Internet Subscribers
_{has reached 93.70 million at the end of December 2019,}
can be seen as a <big>consequential blessing</big> of the recent <small>progressive steps taken
by the present government</small> and the growing ICT sector. </pre></p>
</body>
</html>

[6]
 Dc‡iv³ html †cÖvMÖvgwUi eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z AvDUcyU wb¤œiƒct

▪ I‡qe‡c‡R Qwe hy³ Kiv

I‡qe‡cB‡Ri Z_¨‡K AviI †ewk Abyaveb‡hvM¨ Ges AvKl©Yxq Kivi Rb¨ I‡qe‡cB‡R Qwe hy³ Kiv nq| I‡qe‡cB‡R
Qwe hy³ Kivi Rb¨ <img> U¨vM e¨eüZ nq| GwU GKwU G¤úwU U¨vM| Gi `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A¨vwUªweDU n‡”Q src Ges
alt| GQvov I‡qe‡cB‡R †Kvb Qwei ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ wbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨ height I width A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kivi cvkvcvwk
Ab¨vb¨ A¨vwUªweDUI e¨envi nq| <img> Gi gva¨‡g Qwe hy³ Kivi wmbU¨vK&ª n‡jv:
<img src="url">
▪ src A¨vwUªweDUt †Kvb B‡gR ev Qwei Drm wb‡`©k Kivi src A¨vwUªweDU Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg">
▪ alt A¨vwUªweDUt ‡Kvb B‡gR I‡qe‡cBR †jvW Ki‡Z ev cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j Qwei mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
Alternative Text cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ alt A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg" alt="Logo of cpscs">
▪ height I width A¨vwUªweDUt ‡Kvb B‡gR I‡qe‡cB‡R wK cwigvY RvqMv Ry‡o cÖ`wk©Z n‡e A_©vr Gi ‰`N©¨
I cÖ¯’ wbw`©ó Kivi Rb¨ height I width A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg" height ="1024" width ="768">
▪ align A¨vwUªweDUt I‡qe‡cB‡R B‡gR‡K wewfbœ Ae¯’v‡b cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ align A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv nq|
†hgb:
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg" align="right">
▪ vspace I hspace A¨vwUªweDUt Vertical Space I Horizontal Space (vspace I hspace) Gi
gva¨‡g B‡gR‡K I‡qe‡cB‡Ri †h‡Kvb Ae¯’v‡b wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| †hgb:
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg" vspace ="512" hspace ="100">
▪ border A¨vwUªweDUt I‡qe‡cB‡R B‡g‡Ri Pvicv‡k eW©vi cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ border A¨vwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv nq|
†hgb:
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg" border="1">

[7]
 ▪ I‡qe‡cB‡R Qwe hy³ Kivi html GBPwUGgGj †cÖvMÖvgt
• B‡gR Ges I‡qe‡cBR GKB wW‡i±ix‡Z (‡dvìvi) Ae¯’vb Ki‡jt

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Image </title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="Logo CPSCS.jpg" alt="logo of cpscs">
</body>
</html>

• B‡gR Ges I‡qe‡cBR wfbœ wfbœ wW‡i±ix‡Z (‡dvìvi) Ae¯’vb Ki‡jt

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Image </title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="E:/Folder/Bangladesh flag.gif "border="1" vspace="100" hspace="500">
</body>
</html>

html †cÖvMÖvgwUi
eªvDRv‡i cÖ`wk©Z
AvDUcyU

▪ HTML Hyperlink
GwU GKwU we‡kl e¨e¯’v hvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ I‡qe‡c‡Ri g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv nq| ‡Kvb I‡qemvBU eªvDwRs Gi mgq
GK †cR †_‡K Ab¨ †c‡R hvIqvi †ÿ‡Î nvBcviwjsK Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GwU e¨envi K‡i †Kvb Qwe ev †UK&ªU nvBcviwjsK
Kiv m¤¢e| nvBcviwjsK Gi Rb¨ <a> U¨vM e¨eüZ nq| GwU GKwU aviK U¨vM| <a> U¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g nvBcviwjsK Kivi
wmbU¨vK&ª n‡jv:
< a href="url">Any text to link</a>
href A¨vwUªweDU Øviv hyper reference A_©vr GK&ªUvibvj A_ev B›Uvibvj wjsK ‡evSv‡bv nq|
nvBcviwjsK `yB ai‡bit
1| B›Uvibvj nvBcviwjsKt GKB mvfv©‡i ivLv †Kvb I‡qemvB‡Ui wewfbœ I‡qe‡cB‡Ri g‡a¨ ms‡hvM
¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ B›Uvibvj nvBcviwjsK e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:
<a href="contact.html" target="_self ">Contact Us</a>
*target="_self " A¨vwUªweDU Gi gva¨‡g eªvDRvi eZ©gvb DB‡Ûv‡Z wjsK †cBRwU‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
2| GK&ªUvibvj nvBcviwjsKt wfbœ wfbœ mvf©v‡ii I‡qe‡cB‡Ri g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ GK&ªUvibvj
nvBcviwjsK e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:
<a href="https://www.youtube.com" target="_new/blank ">YouTube</a>
[8]
 *target="_new/blank " A¨vwUªweDU Gi gva¨‡g eªvDRvi bZzb DB‡Ûv‡Z wjsK †cBRwU‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Hyperlink</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/">YouTube</a>
</body>
</html>

*** HTML wjsK †_‡K AvÛvijvBb wigyf Kivi syntax:

<a href="https://www.youtube.com" style="text-decoration: none">YouTube</a>

▪ HTML List
I‡qe‡c‡R ZvwjKv mshy³ Kivi gva¨‡g †Kvb Z_¨ e¨enviKvixi Kv‡Q mn‡RB Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| html ZvwjKv `yB
ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K|
1. Ordered List
2. Unordered List
Ordered List, Unordered List, List Item AšÍf©y³ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq U¨vM¸‡jv h_vµ‡g ol, ul Ges li|

*D`vniY-1

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Ordered List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
<u>List of Books for Science Group:</u>
</h3>
<ol>
<li>Bangla</li>
<li>English</li>
<li>ICT</li>
<li>Physics</li>
<li>Chemistry</li>
<li>Mathematics</li>
<li>Biology</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

[9]
<!DOCTYPE html> *D`vniY-2
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Unordered List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
<u>Book List for Humanities Group:</u>
</h3>
<ul>
<li>Bangla</li>
<li>English</li>
<li>ICT</li>
<li>Economics</li>
<li>Civics</li>
<li>Logic</li>
<li>Psychology</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

wewfbœ ai‡bi wj÷

Ordered List Unordered List
HTML Code Output HTML Code Output
<ol type="a"> <ul type="square">
<li>English</li> a. English <li>English</li> ▪ English
<li> ICT </li> b. ICT <li> ICT </li> ▪ ICT
</ol> </ol>
<ol type="A"> <ul type="circle">
<li>English</li> A. English <li>English</li> • English
<li> ICT </li> B. ICT <li> ICT </li> • ICT
</ol> </ol>
<ol type="i"> <ul type="disk">
<li>English</li> i. English <li>English</li> • English
<li> ICT </li> ii. ICT <li> ICT </li> • ICT
</ol> </ol>
<ol type="I">
<li>English</li> I. English
<li> ICT </li> II. ICT
</ol>
<ol type="1">
<li>English</li> 1. English
<li> ICT </li> 2. ICT
</ol>
<ol type="a" start="7">
<li>English</li> g. English
<li> ICT </li> h. ICT
</ol>

[10]
HTML Nested List
HTML G ZvwjKvi ‡fZ‡iI ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiv hvq hv Nested List bv‡g cwiwPZ|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> *D`vniY-3
<head>
<title>HTML Nested List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3><u>Compulsory Books:</u></h3>
<ul>
<li>Bangla</li>
<ul>
<li> Bangla 1st Paper</li>
<li> Bangla 2nd Paper</li>
</ul>
<li>English</li>
<ul>
<li>English 1st Paper</li>
<li> English 2nd Paper</li>
</ul>
<li>ICT</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Nested List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3><u>Compulsory Books:</u></h3>
<ol>
<li>Bangla</li>
<ol type="a">
*D`vniY-4 <li> Bangla 1st Paper</li>
<li> Bangla 2nd Paper</li>
</ol>
<li>English</li>
<ol type="i">
<li>English 1st Paper</li>
<li> English 2nd Paper</li>
</ol>
<li>ICT</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

[11]
 <!doctype html> *D`vniY-5
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Nested List</title>
</head>
<body>
<p><b><big><u>Name of Divisions:</u></big></b></p>
<ol>
<li>Dhaka</li>
<li>Rangpur</li>
<ol type="i">
<li>Thakurgaon</li>
<li>Dinajpur</li>
<li>Kurigram</li>
<li>Panchagarh</li>
<li>Nilphamari</li>
</ol>
<li>Sylhet</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

▪ HTML Form
e¨enviKvix‡`i wbKU n‡Z BbcyUK…Z WvUv msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ HTML Form e¨envi Kiv nq| HTML Form WKz‡g‡›Ui GKwU
Ask hv e¨enviKvixi Kv‡Q WvUv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †UK&ª wdì, †PK eK&ª, ‡iwWI evUb, Wªc WvDb BZ¨vw` avib K‡i _v‡K|
▪ Text Input Fields
*D`vniY-1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Form: Text Field</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Text input fields:</h2>
<form>
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="first_name"><br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="last_name">
</form>
</body>
</html>

▪ Multiple Line Text Input Fields

<!DOCTYPE html> *D`vniY-2
<html>
<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Text Input</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Description : <br>
<textarea rows = "7" cols = "40" name = "description">
Enter description here...</textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>
[12]
 ▪ Password Input Controls

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> *D`vniY-3
<head>
<title>Password Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type = "text" name = "user_id"><br>
Password: <input type = "password" name = "password">
</form>
</body>
</html>

▪ Checkbox Controls

<!DOCTYPE html> *D`vniY-4

<html>
<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<b>Your Compulsory Subjects are:</b> <br/>
<input type = "checkbox" name = "math" value = "on"> Math <br/>
<input type = "checkbox" name = "physics" value = "on"> Physics <br/>
<input type = "checkbox" name = "biology" value = "on"> Biology <br/>
<input type = "checkbox" name = "chemistry" value = "on"> Chemistry
</form>
</body>
</html>

▪ Radio Button Controls

*D`vniY-5

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<b>Choose your elementary subject: </b><br/>
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "psychology"> Psychology <br/>
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "geography"> Geography <br/>
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "biology"> Biology <br/>
<input type = "radio" name = "subject" value = "mathematics"> Mathematics
</form>
</body>
</html>

[13]
 ▪ Select Box Controls
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Select Box Control</title> *D`vniY-6
</head>
<body>
<form>
<h3><u>Select the place you want to go for study tour:</u></h3>
<select name = "dropdown">
<option value="select">select</option>
<option value="Ram Sagor">Ram Sagor</option>
<option value = "Kantojiu Temple">Kantojiu Temple</option>
<option value = "Mohasthangar">Mohasthangar</option>
<option value="Tista Barrage">Tista Barrage</option>
</select>
</form>
</body>
</html>

▪ Button Controls

<!DOCTYPE html> * D`vniY-7

<html>
<head>
<title>Button controls</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
User ID: <input type="text" name="user_id"><br> <br>
Password:<input type = "password" name = "password"> <br> <br>
<input type = "submit" name = "log in" value = "Log in">
<input type = "reset" name = "reset" value = "Reset">
</form>
</body>
</html>

▪ File Upload Controls

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> * D`vniY-8
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type = "file" name = "fileupload" accept = "image/*"><br/><br/>
<input type = "submit" name = "submit" value = "Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

[14]
 ▪ HTML Table
‡Uwej ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq U¨vMmg~n n‡jv:
U¨v‡Mi bvg U¨v‡Mi weeiY
<table> ‡Uwej ˆZwii Rb¨
<th> ‡Uwe‡ji †nWvi wba©vi‡bi Rb¨
<td> ‡Uwej WvUv Bbcy‡Ui Rb¨
<tr> ‡Uwej †iv ev mvwi wba©vi‡bi Rb¨
<caption> ‡Uwe‡ji bvg cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨
<thead> c„_K †Uwej †nWvi ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨
<tbody> ‡Uwe‡ji ewW wb‡`©‡ki Rb¨
<tfoot> c„_K †Uwej dzUvi ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨

* D`vniY-1 <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Table</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1">
<caption><b>New Employees-2022</b></caption>
<tr>
<th> Name </th>
<th>Job Title</th>
<th>Email Address</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>Mustafa</td>
<td>Animator</td>
<td>[email protected]</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>Rouf</td>
<td>Marketing Manager</td>
* D`vniY-2 <td>[email protected]</td>
</tr>
<!DOCTYPE html> <tr align="center">
<html> <td>Fedousi</td>
<head> <td>CEO</td>
<title>HTML Table-rowspan</title> <td>[email protected]</td>
</head> </tr>
<body> </table>
<table cellspacing="0" border="1" width="200">
</body>
<tr align="center">
</html>
<td rowspan="3">1</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
[15]
 * D`vniY-3

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title> HTML Table-colspan </title>
</head>
<body>
<table cellspacing="0"width="200" border="1">
<tr align="center">
<td colspan="3">1</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>2</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

* D`vniY-4

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1"cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th colspan="2">Jobs</th>
<th>Working Experience</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>Neha</td>
<td>Software Engineer</td>
<td>Data Analyst</td>
<td rowspan="2">5 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>Nafis</td>
<td colspan="2">Senior Web developer</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>Shafin</td>
<td>Junior Tech Writer</td>
<td>Blogger</td>
<td>6 Months</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

[16]
 * D`vniY-5

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Table</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1"cellspacing="0" width="200">
<caption><em>Average height &
weight</em></caption>
<tr>
<th colspan=2" rowspan="2">Gender</th>
<th colspan="2">Average</th>
<th rowspan="2">Red <br> Eyes</th>
</tr> * D`vniY-6
<tr>
<th>Height</th> <!doctype html>
<th>Weight</th> <html>
</tr> <head>
<tr align="center"> <title>HTML Table</title>
<th colspan="2">Males</th> </head>
<body>
<td>1.9</td>
<table border="1"cellspacing="0" width="200">
<td>0.003</td>
<caption>Bill Summary</caption>
<td>40%</td> <thead>
</tr> <tr>
<tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2">Month</th>
<th colspan="2">Females</th> <th colspan="3">Bills</th>
<td>1.7</td> </tr>
<td>0.002</td> <tr>
<td>43%</td> <th>Electricity</th>
</tr> <th>Water</th>
</table> <th>Gas</th>
</body> </tr>
</html> </thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>January</td>
<td>809</td>
<td>600</td>
<td>850</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>February</td>
<td>955</td>
<td>720</td>
<td>700</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<th>Total</th>
<td>1000</td>
<td>1000</td>
<td>1000</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</body>
</html>
[17]
 ▪ span tag/element Gi e¨envi: †Kvb paragraph Gi AšÍM©Z K‡qKwU kã‡K iwOb Kivi Rb¨ span U¨vM
Gi mv‡_ style GwUªweDU e¨envi Kiv nq|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Uses of span tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Bangladesh enters a new era in communication
today<br> with the launch of its <span style =
"color:red" > first metro rail,</span> promising
fast,<br> reliable, and safe commute in a traffic-choked
Dhaka.</p>
</body>
</html>

▪ div tag/element I style attibute Gi e¨envi: GKwU WKz‡g‡›Ui wewfbœ Ask _v‡K| Gme As‡ki KvR
G‡KK iKg n‡q _v‡K| ZvB G‡`i MVbI wfbœ nq| GB Ask¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Kivi Rb¨ div tag e¨envi Kiv
nq|
style attribute e¨envi K‡i I‡qe‡c‡Ri wewfbœ Gwj‡g‡›Ui is, d›Umn wewfbœ ˆewkó¨ ev †cÖvcvwU© D‡jøL
K‡i †`Iqv hvq| style attribute Gi wfZi wewfbœ ÷vBwjs wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq|

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Uses of Style attribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="width:35px; height:20px; float: left;
background-color:yellow; color:darkred; margin: 5px; padding:
10px">Home</div>
<div style="width:50px; height:20px; float: left;
background-color:forestgreen; color:yellow; margin: 5px;
padding: 10px">Facilities</div>
<div style="width:40px; height:20px; float: left;
background-color:blue; color:white; margin: 5px; padding:
10px;">Gallery</div>
</body>
</html>

I‡qemvBU: GKB †Wv‡gB‡bi AšÍf©y³ GKvwaK I‡qe‡c‡Ri mgwó‡K I‡qemvBU e‡j|

I‡qemvB‡Ui cÖKvi‡f`
1. ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU: †h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui Kb‡U›Umg~n eªvDRv‡i †jvW nIqvi ci ¯^qswµqfv‡e cwieZ©b nq
bv †m¸‡jv‡K ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU e‡j|
‰ewkó¨mg~n:
• G ai‡bi †cR¸‡jv‡Z Kb‡U›U w¯’i _v‡K
• ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvB‡U mvaviYZ †Kvb WvUv‡eR ms‡hvM _v‡K bv
• ‡KejgvÎ GKgyLx †hvMv‡hvM nq
• I ai‡bi I‡qemvBU Dbœq‡b HTML ev CSS e¨eüZ nq
[18]
 myweavmg~n:
• I‡qemvBU Lye mn‡R Dbœqb I wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq
• eªvDRv‡i `ªæZ †jvW nq
• I‡qe‡c‡Ri †j AvDU mn‡RB cwieZ©b Kiv hvq
• ¯^í e¨vÛDBW_ n‡jI eªvDRv‡i Kb‡U›U †jvW n‡Z cv‡i
• ‡WUv‡e‡Ri mv‡_ ms‡hvM bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y me©vwaK wbivcËvi mv‡_ Z_¨ mieivn Kiv hvq
• I‡qemvBU Dbœq‡b LiP Kg
Amyweavmg~n:
• Kb‡U›U Avc‡WU Ki‡Z A‡bK mgq jv‡M
• gvbm¤§Z I‡qe †cR wWRvBwbs mgqmv‡cÿ I Kómva¨
• I‡qemvB‡Ui AvKvi e„w× †c‡j Kb‡U›Umg~n mn‡R wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq bv
2. WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU: †h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui Kb‡U›Umg~n eªvDRv‡i †jvW nIqvi ci ¯^qswµqfv‡e cwieZ©b nq
†m¸‡jv‡K WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU e‡j|
‰ewkó¨mg~n:
• G ai‡bi mvB‡U cwieZ©bkxj Z_¨ ev B›Uv‡iw±f †cR _v‡K
• WvqbvwgK I‡qemvBU Dbœq‡b †WUv‡eR e¨eüZ nq
• G ai‡bi I‡qemvBU Dbœq‡b PHP, Perl, Java Script, ASP.Net BZ¨vw` e¨eüZ nq
• e¨enviKvix‡`i wbKU n‡Z BbcyU MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K
myweavmg~n:
• e¨enviKvixi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx K‡›U›U cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i
• ‡Kvb Z_¨ `ªæZ Avc‡WU Kiv hvq
• AvKl©bxq I B›Uv‡iw±f ‡j AvDU ˆZwi Kiv hvq
• wba©vwiZ e¨enviKvixi wbKU wba©vwiZ †cBR cÖ`k©‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq
• Z_¨eûj n‡q _v‡K
Amyweavmg~n:
• eªvDRv‡i †jvW n‡Z †ewk mgq †bq
• I‡qemvBU Dbœqb I wbqš¿Y Zzjbvg~jK RwUj
• I‡qemvBU Dbœq‡b LiP †ewk
• I‡qemvBU Zzjbvg~jK Kg wbivc`
I‡qemvB‡Ui KvVv‡gv
I‡qemvB‡Ui ˆewkó¨ Abyhvqx Gi KvVv‡gv‡K PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
▪ nvqviviwKK¨vj ev wUª KvVv‡gv (Hierarchical/ Tree Structure)
‡h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui †cR¸‡jv kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡Zv web¨¯Í Kiv _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K nvqviviwKK¨vj ev wUª KvVv‡gv e‡j|
‡hgb: www.facebook.com
‰ewkó¨:
• GwU †nvg‡cR wbf©i I‡qe KvVv‡gv
• ‡nvg‡c‡R †gby, mve-‡gby I Ab¨vb¨ †c‡Ri wjsK _v‡K
• G ai‡bi I‡qemvB‡U †cR¸‡jv kvLv cÖkvLvi g‡Zv web¨¯Í _vKvq wfwRUiMY mn‡RB Zvi cÖ‡qvRbxq
Z_¨ Lyu‡R cvq|
• Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡b GwU mnR I DËg KvVv‡gv
• wkÿv cÖwZôvbmn wewfbœ e¨emvwqK cÖwZôvb G ai‡Yi I‡qe KvVv‡gv e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|
[19]
 ▪ ‡bUIqvK© ev I‡qe wjsKW KvVv‡gv (Network/ Web Linked Structure)
‡h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui me¸‡jv †cR GK Ac‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K †bUIqvK© KvVv‡gv e‡j| ‡hgb:
www.wikipedia.com
‰ewkó¨:
• mvaviYZ eo ai‡bi I‡qemvBU ˆZwi‡Z G KvVv‡gv †ek Kvh©Kix
• g~j †c‡Ri mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ †cR wjsK Kiv _v‡K
• G KvVv‡gvi e¨envi mnR
• AwZwi³ †g‡gvwi †¯ú‡mi cÖ‡qvRb
• GKwU †d«‡gi g‡a¨ Ab¨vb¨ †c‡Ri wjsK¸‡jv †gby AvKv‡i ivLv hvq
• ‡c‡Ri msL¨v e„w× †c‡j Gi MVb RwUj n‡Z cv‡i
▪ wmKz‡qwÝqvj ev wjwbqvi KvVv‡gv (Sequential/ Linear Structure)
‡h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui ‡cR¸‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó µg Abymv‡i wfwRU ev eªvDR Kiv nq ‡m¸‡jv‡K wjwbqvi KvVv‡gv
e‡j| †hgb: www.youtube.com
‰ewkó¨:
• GwU GKwU mijZg KvVv‡gv
• G ai‡bi I‡qemvBU¸‡jv‡Z Next, Previous, Last, First BZ¨vw` wjsK e¨envi Kiv nq
• ‡c‡Ri msL¨v mvaviYZ Kg _v‡K
• Kb‡U›U Avc‡jvW mnR I mn‡R eªvDR Kiv hvq
• wUD‡Uvwiqvj ev †Uªwbs mvB‡U G ai‡Yi MVb e¨envi Kiv nq
• eB, g¨vMvwRb, AbjvB‡b dg© wdjvc BZ¨vw` mvBU¸‡jv G ai‡bi KvVv‡gv e¨envi K‡i _v‡K
▪ nvBweªW ev Kw¤^‡bkbvj KvVv‡gv (Hybrid or Combinational Structure)
GKvwaK KvVv‡gv e¨envi K‡i †h mKj I‡qemvBU ‰Zwi Kiv nq †m¸‡jv nvBweªW KvVv‡gv bv‡g cwiwPZ|
‰ewkó¨:
• G ai‡bi KvVv‡gv I‡qemvB‡Ui ‡mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i
• GKvwaK KvVv‡gvi mswgkÖ‡b ‰Zwi nIqvi Kvi‡Y e¨enviKvix †cR eªvDR Ki‡Z mv”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i
• ‡g‡gvwi †¯úm Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ G KvVv‡gv e¨envi Kiv nq
I‡qemvBU cvewjwks
‡Kv‡bv I‡qe mvBU‡K B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q †`qv‡K I‡qemvBU cvewjwks e‡j|
I‡qemvBU cvewjwks Gi avcmg~n:
1. I‡qe ‡cR wWRvBb: I‡qe †cR wWRvB‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ fvlv †hgb GBPwUGgGj, wmGmGm BZ¨vw` fvlv
m¤ú‡K© aviYv _vKv `iKvi| GQvovI wM¤ú, G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi, d‡Uvkc BZ¨vw` mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i
†UK&ªU GwWwUs, e¨vbvi ev Qwe GwWwUs, A¨vwb‡gkbmn wewfbœ wWRvBb Kiv nq|
2. ‡Wv‡gBb †bg wbe©vPb I †iwR‡óªkb: I‡qemvB‡Ui mv‡_ mswkøó GKwU bvg ev ‡Wv‡gBb wbe©vPb K‡i Zv
†iwR‡óªkb Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. ‡nvw÷s: I‡qemvBU cvewjwks Gi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc GwU| GKwU I‡qe mvfv©‡i I‡qe †cR Avc‡jvW
Kiv‡K †nvw÷s ejv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU wbf©i‡hvM¨ mvfv©i we‡ePbv Kiv Riæix| A‡bK cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q
hviv A‡_©i wewbg‡q ‡nvw÷s cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
4. mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb ev SEO: I‡qemvBU‡K cÖPvigyLx Kivi Rb¨ mvP© Bwćbi mv‡_ mshyw³ Ki‡Z
nq| GwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq bv n‡jI I‡qemvBU Lyu‡R cvIqvi ‡ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K|
A‡_©i wewbg‡q wewfbœ cÖwZôvb GB mvwf©mwU cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

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I‡qemvBU cvewjwks Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welqvewj
I‡qemvBU cvewjwks Gi Rb¨ eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ ‡nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwb wewfbœ c¨v‡KR mvwf©m w`‡q _v‡K| GRb¨ I‡qemvBU
cvewjwks Gi mgq cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQz welq we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ‡hgb:
• I‡qe ‡¯úm:GwU n‡jv e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ I‡qe mvf©v‡i eivÏK…Z †÷v‡i‡Ri cwigvY| hw` †÷v‡i‡Ri
cwigvY 200 †gMvevBU n‡q Zvn‡j eivÏK…Z ‡¯ú‡‡mi g‡a¨B mKj dvBj ivL‡Z n‡e|
• e¨vÛDBW_: e¨vÛDBW_ n‡jv GK gv‡m me©‡gvU WvUv UªvÝdv‡ii cwigvY| hw` mvB‡U ivLv dvB‡ji mvBR
1 †gMvevBU nq Ges GB dvBjwU 100 Rb e¨enviKvix hw` GKevi K‡i †`‡L ev WvDb‡jvW K‡i Zvn‡j
e¨vÛDBW_ LiP n‡e 1*100=100 ‡gMvevBU| mvBUwU wK cwigvY eªvDR WvDb‡jvW n‡e Zvi Dci
wbf©i K‡i e¨vÛDBW_ eivÏ Kiv DwPZ|
• B-‡gBj A¨vKvD›U: wR‡gBj, Bqvû BZ¨vw` _vW©© cvwU© B‡gBj †mev e¨envi bv K‡i wbR¯^ †Wv‡gB‡bi
Aax‡b B‡gBj wVKvbv e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• MySQL Database: WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU ‰Zwi Kivi Rb¨ WvUv‡e‡Ri mv‡_ mshy³ Kiv nq|
• FTP Accounts: GwU GK ai‡ib wUwmwc/AvBwc †cÖv‡UvKj h `y‡Uv Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ WvUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii
my‡hvM K‡i †`q| GKwU FTP mvf©vi BDRvi g¨v‡bR‡g›U, kbv³KiY Ges Aby‡gv`b cwi‡lev mieivn
K‡i _v‡K|
• Sub-Domain: GKwU †Wv‡gB‡bi Aax‡b A‡bK¸‡jv Sub-Domain _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
http://teacher.ictshikkha.com, http://student.ictshikkha.com BZv¨vw`| m‡e©v”P KZ¸‡jv
Sub-Domain e¨envi Kiv hv‡e ‡nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwb wba©vib K‡i †`q|
‡Wv‡gBb †bg I I‡qe †nvw÷s Gi cv_©K¨
▪ ‡Wv‡gBb †bg:
• AvBwc wVKvbvi Alphabetic di‡gU‡K †Wv‡gBb †bg ejv nq|
• ‡Wv‡gBb †b‡gi †ÿ‡Z wba©vwiZ bvg, ‡Wv‡gBb UvBc, Kvw›Uª †Wv‡gBb BZ¨vw` welq †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq|
• ICANN KZ©„K †Wv‡gBb †bg wba©vwiZ nq|
▪ I‡qe †nvw÷s:
• I‡qemvBU †Kvb I‡qe mvf©v‡i Avc‡jvW Kiv‡K I‡qe †nvw÷s e‡j|
• G‡ÿ‡Î †÷v‡iR, e¨vÛDBW_, wbivcËv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv we‡eP¨|
• wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwbi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i mvf©©v‡i I‡qe †nvw÷s e¨e¯’vcbv Kiv hvq|

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