A TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT:

IZUNNA MEDICAL LABORATORY, EKWULOBIA

BY

ONUORAH KENNETH MARY

REG NO: NAU/2020484013

SUBMITTED TO:

THE DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BREWING.

FACULTY OF BIOSCIENCES.

NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELOR OF

SCIENCES (B.Sc.)

SINGLE HONOR, DEGREE IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY.

JANUARY 2024.

1
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this report foremost to God Almighty for His grace, mercy and
direction throughout the course of my six months Industrial Training at
IZUNNA MEDICAL LABORATORY, EKWULOBIA, Anambra State.

I also dedicate this report to my brothers for their undying love and support
during the course of my training and to my lecturers who contributed in one
way or the other, I am truly grateful.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I appreciate the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) for their foresight in putting this
program in place and also to Applied Micro-Biology and Brewing Department
of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka for providing a platform on which I
exceled.

I am grateful to Izunna Medical for providing me the opportunity to be exposed

to world class Bioscience services as it concerns the Izunna Medical
Laboratory. I also want to say a big thank you to my Industry Based Supervisor
Bioscience.

I am grateful for the memories we shared. You all made my time at Izunna
Medical an exciting and blissful one. To my mom, siblings and extended
family, I am grateful for all your moral and financial support. I could not have
wished for a better family.

I am deeply indebted to God Almighty, the giver of all wisdom and academic
excellence, knowledge and understanding, without whom my efforts would
have been meaningless.

Finally, to my Institution based supervisor, my other friends and colleagues, I

thank you all for being there for me. I am deeply honored.

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 ABSTRACT

This industrial report presents the experience gained during my 6-month

industrial training at Izunna Medical Laboratory, Ekwulobia, Anambra State.
My training was based on Izunna Medical Laboratory on defective parts and
components in Lab in the Service Department of Micro-Biology & Brewing. I
acquired practical knowledge on how Laboratory systems works and I also
assisted. The report discusses the technical skills I gained during the training
period and justifying the relevance of the scheme in equipping students with the
needed technical competence to thrive in the real world.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Title Page i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Table of Content v

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 What Is SIWES 1

1.1 Brief History Of SIWES 2

1.2 Aims And Objectives Of SIWES 3

1.3 Roles Of The Student 4

1.4 History of the Firm 5

1.5 Organization Chart 6

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Introduction To Laboratory

2.1 Laboratory Safety Rules 4

2.2 Introduction to Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses 5

2.3 Sample Containers Used in the Laboratory 7

5
2.4 Hematology Unit 7

2.4.0 Apparatus Used for Hematology Tests 7

2.4.1 Collection of Blood Sample 8

2.4.2 Packed Cell Volume (PCV) 8

2.4.3 Hemoglobin Concentration 10

2.4.4 Widal

2.4.5 Blood Grouping

2.5 Microbiology Unit 10

2.5.0 Malaria Parasite (MP) Test 10

2.5.1 HIV (RVS) Test 12

2.5.2 Urinalysis 13

2.5.3 Blood Pregnancy And Urine Pregnancy, Using Test Strip

2.6 Environmental Unit 14

2.6.0 Determination of Dissolved Co2 14

2.6.1 Determination of Saponification Value 16

2.6.2 Determination of Total Hardness in Water 17

(Alkaline Permanganate Method) 19

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Problems Encountered During the SIWES Training Period 21

3.1 Relevance of the SIWES Programme 21

6
CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Ways of Improving the Programme 23

4.1 Advice for Future Participants 23

4.2 Advice for SIWES Managers 24

4.3 Conclusion 24

REFERENCES 25

7
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 WHAT IS SIWES:

SIWES (students industrial work experience scheme) is a scheme designed by

the federal ministry of education, the industrial training fund is the National

board for technical education and institution of high students in Nigeria.

SIWES (students industrial work experience scheme) is aimed at granting or

exposing students to experience the nature of work they’re to encounter when

they finish their program in school depending on one’s discipline.

The scheme also gives students opportunity to gain experience practically what

was not taught in school during their programme.

It also helps students to practicalise the theory aspect of their lecture in school.

It also gives the students the opportunity to be versatile, it makes the students

popular, it also act as a medium of job opportunity when they finish their

programme in school.

It gives a detailed account of all work carried out during SIWES and as well as

the problems faced.

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1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

The student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in

1973/1974 session by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). Prior to the

establishment of this scheme, there was a growing concern among our

industrialists that graduates of our institutions of higher learning lacked

adequate practices background studies preparatory to employment in the

industries. It is against this background that the aim of initiating and designing

the scheme was hinged.

Consequently, the scheme offfers students the opportunity of familiarizing and

exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and

machinery that are usually not available in the institutions.

The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. It withdraws from

the scheme in 1978 due to the financial problem. The federal government

handed the scheme in 1979 to both the National University Commission (NUC)

and the National Board of Technical Education (NBTE). Later, in November

1984, the federal government changed the management and implementation of

the scheme to ITF and it was effectively taken over by the Industrial Training

Fund (ITF) in July 1985 with the funding being solely borne by the federal

government.

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1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

I. It act as medium for job opportunity for students

II. It provides students with experience outside their programme in school

III. It grants students opportunity to practicalise the theoretical aspect of their

course in school

IV. Expose student to the kind of work experience they will encounter when

they graduate

V. Expose students to know the operation and function of the instruments

involved in their course of study.

VI. It makes students know how to manage difficult in work when they

graduate.

1.3. ROLES OF THE STUDENTS

 To attend institution’s SIWES orientation programme before going on

attachment.
 To be obedient to constituted authorities and adhere strictly to rules and
regulations of the organization where the student is attached.
 To be regular and punctual at respective place of attachment.

10
 To avoid change of place of attachment, except in special circumstances,
this must be determined and approved by their institutional supervisor,
the employer and ITF.
 To complete SPE -1 form and get it endorsed by their employer who will
forward same to the ITF.
 To record all training activities and other assignments in the log- book

1.4 HISTORY OF THE FIRM:

The IZUNNA MEDICAL LABORATORY, EKWULOBIA was established

in the year 2015 as a laboratory registered in Nigeria. We are focused on
rendering quality services in the best of our ability, upholding integrity and
honesty in all our services. The need to revive research and practical knowledge
in the education sector of Nigeria has been over due which is our primary drive.
IZUNNA MEDICAL LABORATORY, EKWULOBIA. Is an indigenous of
company that specializes on Research Design and Installation of Laboratory
Equipment. We are also into procurement and distribution of laboratory
equipment headquartered in Port Harcourt. IZZUNNA RESEARCH is made up
of cream of professionals whose wealth of experience in the industry cannot be
overemphasized. Our services are provided with functionality and safety as key
factors. We consistently achieve this by employing specialize and experienced
professionals to operate standard equipment and analyzed samples as required
by our clients.

Our clients range from undergraduates to post-graduates scholars, oil

companies, government agencies, pharmaceutical & maritime authorities. Areas
of expertise are design and installation of Laboratory equipment, procurement
and distribution of laboratory equipment, all kinds of scientific research and
analysis. Working closely with our customers, ARAL offers intelligent
solutions that increase profitability by improving productivity, quality and

11
system capacity. The all-round expertise of OUR laboratory provides a solid
foundation on which to build, and the flexible working relationship within the
organization enable the assembly of complete project teams when expertise in a
range of fields is required. IZUNNA MEDICAL LABORATORY,
EKWOLOBIA.

1.5 ORGANIZATION CHART

MANAGER

TECHNICAL SECRETARY ADMIN/

MANAGER FINANCE

HSE ACCOUNTAN
SUPERVISO T

Laboratory
QA/QC
Scientist LOGISTICS
SUPERVISO OFFICER

FACILITY RELATIONS
SUPERVISO OFFICER

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 CHAPTER TWO

INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY

2.0. MEDICAL LABORATORY PRACTICE.

Medical laboratory practice centers on the laboratory tests or diagnosis done on

specimens or samples to get information about patient’s health with the regard
for diagnosis, treatment and prevention against the prevalence of the disease.

2.1 LABORATORY SAFETY RULES

1. Ensure that all broken glass wares, apparatus e.t.c should be properly
disposed or buried/burnt.
2. Ensure that there should be proper lighting in the lab.
3. Eating drinking and application of cosmetics is prohibited.
4. Ensure that the lab floor is properly mopped when there is a spill of water,
oil e.t.c.
5. After all job done proper hand cleaning and sanitizer should be used.
6. All toxic chemicals and fume chemical are supposed to be handed in a
fume cupboard (this is the place they keep toxic chemicals and fume
chemical).
7. Laboratory coat or aprons must be worn at all times in the lab to protect
cloth and body from accidental spillage.

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8. Hand gloves, nose mask must be worn when working in the lab to avoid
contamination.
9. All toxic chemicals and fume chemicals are suppose to be handled in a
fume cupboard (this is the place they keep toxic chemicals and fume
chemicals).
10. You must ensure that all used test tubes, beakers, pipettes e.t.c must be
washed and returned to their appropriate place.

2.2 INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND THEIR

USES

Microscope: Used for microbial identification and characteristics

Centrifuge: Used to separate mixtures e.g serum from blood.

14
Hematocrit reader: Used to calculate mean cell hemolysis concentration
(MCHC) and mean cell volume (MCV)

Bunsen burner: Used as a source of heat

Other equipment include;

15
Automated water distiller

Heating mantel

Spectrophotometer

Centrifuge

Autoclave e.t.c

2.3 SAMPLE CONTAINERS USED IN THE LABORATORY

EDTA container: Used for hematological tests e.g. PCV, WBC e.t.c.

Lithium Heparin Container: Used for chempathological test.

Universal container: Used for urine, stool, CSF, sputum collection e.t.c.

Swab stick: Used for HVS, wound swab e.t.c.

Plain Bottle: Used for serological tests e.g Widal, e.t.c

2.4 HEMATOLOGY UNIT

2.4.0 APPARATUS USED FOR HEMATOLOGY TESTS

 Automated hematology analyzer

 Microscope, Counting chamber, Cover slide and Hand tally
 Sample bottle, Syringe and Tunicate
 Petri dish, Cotton wool or tissue paper
 Automated pipette, hand pipette and pipette tips
 White tile and test tube
 Electrophoresis machine, acetate paper
 Distilled water, normal saline, specimen (Blood)

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 Reagents (Turk’s solution, Hayem’s solution, ammonium oxalate,
Leishman’s stain, buffer solution, sodium citrate, antisera A, B & D)

2.4.1 COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLE

Blood can be collected from patient with the use of syringe or the use of lancet
to pierce the thumb. When collecting blood with the use of lancet or sterilized
needle, the thumb nail is cleaned with cotton wool soaked in methylated spirit
or 70% alcohol. Then the thumb is pierced with a lancet or sterilized needle and
the blood is collected.

Collection of blood with syringes:

 The patient arm is tied with a tunicate to compress and make the blood
vessels of the arm (brachial artery) visible.
 The region of the artery is cleaned with methylated spirit or 70% alcohol
 The syringe is used to collect blood with the syringe, the blood is put inside a
sample bottle (EDTA) to avoid coagulation. The blood specimen is used for
hematology tests.

2.4.2 PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)

Packed cell volume also known as hematocrit is a marker test for anemia and
polyctyhaemia patients.

Aim

PCV determines the volume of blood of an individual.

Principle of PCV

Whole blood in micro hematocrit capillary tube centrifuge is subjected to

sufficient centrifugal force to pack the red blood cells into a small volume as
possible and to compare the volume of the entire sample with the compressed

17
red blood cells. The volume of the PCV is used to determine the hemoglobin
concentration of the patient.

Materials

 Hematocrit machine and hematocrit reader

 Capillary tube (Heparinised and non-heparinised)
 Sealant (Plasticine)
 Sample bottle (Heparinised and non-heparinised)
 Hand glove, cotton wool or tissue

Procedure

1. Capillary tube is put inside a sample bottle containing patient’s blood and
the capillary tube was filled up to about ¾ of the tube.

2. The body of the capillary tube was cleaned with a cotton wool to avoid
staining the sealant with blood.

3. Then the capillary tube is sealed with plasticine and placed in the
capillary groove of the hematocrit machine.

4. The hematocrit machine is used to spin the blood for 12000 revolution
per minute or 6000rpm for 5mins.

5. After spinning the blood, the capillary tube is brought out from the
machine and hematocrit reader is used to take the readings.

Results

Normal range; female is 35 to 47%, while male is 40-55%. Above normal range
indicates polyctyhaemia, below normal range indicates anemia.

2.4.3 HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION

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Aim

This test is used to determine the hemoglobin concentration of blood and to

evaluate oxygen transportation of blood. It is a pointer test for hypoxia.

Determination of hemoglobin concentration

Hemoglobin concentration is calculated with the result obtained from packed

cell volume (PCV). Hence, its principle, materials and procedure relies on that
of the packed cell volume.

Hemoglobin concentration = packed cell volume (PCV) result/3

Result

Normal range of hemoglobin concentration, female 11.5 to 16.5%, while male

12.5 to 18.0%.

2.4.4 WIDAL TEST

This is an agglutination test which detect the presence of plasma agglutinin (H
and O) in a patient’s serum with typhoid and paratyphoid. Typhoid is caused by
Salmonella typhi. Salmonella antibodies start appearing in the plasma at the end
of first week and rise sharply during the 3rd week of endemic fever. In acute
typhoid fever O agglutinins can usually be detected 6-8 days after the onset of
the fever and H agglutinin after 10-12 days. The main principle of widal test is
that Of the homologous antibody is present in the serum of the patient, it will
react with respective antigen and gives visible clumping on the test card.

SPECIMEN: Patient’s Plasma

AIM: To check for the presence of Salmonella typhi antibodies in the serum or
plasma of the patient.

APPARATUS: Pipette, Widal test kit, 2ml syringe, EDTA container, white tile
and applicator stick.
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 PROCEDURE: 2ml of blood is collected into an EDTA container through
venipuncture and was spun for 5 minutes at 300 rpm using a centrifuge to
separate out the plasma. Antigens O containing 4 different antigen O sample (O,
OA, OB and OC) where placed on 4 different spot on that white tile and another
antigen H which have 4 different sample (H, HA, HB, HC) was placed on
different spot on the white tile. Then a drop of plasma was placed on the
different antigens and mixed used applicator stick and rocked for few minutes
and results were taken.

RESULTS: Results are dependent on the level of agglutination and the level
are 1/20,1/40,1/80,1/160, and 1/320.

Results for positive test

Highly reactive. 1/320

Very reactive. 1/160

Reactive. 1/80

Results for negative test

Nonsignificant. 1/40

Nonsignificant. 1/20

Not reactive. Nil

2.4.5 Blood Grouping

• Introduction: blood grouping of the A B O system is determined with
Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D sera, which form agglutination complex
with anti-bodies found in the blood samples.

• Aim: to determine the group and the rhesus of a patient’s blood.

• equipment’s/materials:

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 clean free grease tile

 Pasteur pipette

 Whole blood sample in an EDTA bottle

 Distilled water

 Applicator stick

 Test tube rack

 Electrophoresis machine and tank

 Clean white tile

 Cotton wool

 Applicator stick

 Cellulose filter paper

 Gloves

 Reagents:

 Anti-A

 Anti-B

 Anti-D sera

 Work tile

 Stirrer  Cotton wool

• Procedures:

For blood grouping: the blood sample was collected into an EDTA
bottle through venipuncture. 10ul of blood was placed three spots on the
tile with the aid of Pasteur pipette. The antisera A, B, and D were
placed carefully on each spot, ABO of the grouping system on the tile

21
 respectively and an applicator stick was used to thorough fully mix the
drop of blood with the antisera one after the other without
contamination. The tile was gently rocked from side to side for
3minutes to allow agglutination occurrence, then result was observed.
• Conclusion:

The result was observed according to the agglutination that occurred in

each spot on the tile. Anti-D determined the present of the rhesus ‘D’
factor in blood group.
Factors that affect blood grouping are; wrong labeling of spot and
confusion of antisera with spots, contamination of test card or tiles with
detergent, expired antisera bio-medical significance; blood transfusion,
blood compatibility, antenatal screening.

2.5 MICROBIOLOGY UNIT

2.5.0 MALARIA PARASITE (MP) TEST

Malaria parasite also known as malaria fever is a hemoparasite caused by the

bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito. There are 4 species of the
parasite which infects man: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P.
malare. Of all these species, P.Falciparum is the most virulent specie and its

22
infection can be fatal if not well treated. Malaria is diagnosed by looking for the
parasite in a blood sample.

Aim

To detect malaria parasite in a patient’s blood

Specimen

Whole blood

Materials

Glass slide, fields stain A & B, immersion oil, microscope, whole blood.

Procedure

1. Next dip the slide into field stain B and next into water
2. Air dry slide
3. Add a drop of oil immersion on the dried slide
4. Mount on a microscope and with 100X objective lens
5. Get a slide and placed a drop of blood sample on it
6. Make a smear and air dry
7. Dip the air-dried blood sample on the sample on the slide into a field stain
A and next water

Result

Malaria parasite is seen as pink chromatized dots and is recorded as (+), (++),
(+++).

Range

1-10 = (+)

10-20 = (++)

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30-50 = (+++)

2.5.1 HIV (RVS) TEST

Aim:

To determine if an individual has human immune virus (HIV)

Principles: The HIV test is a strip test, hence its principle is based on antigen-
antibody reaction. This is because the HIV strip has an inbuilt antigen that
reacts with the antibody (serum), making the test a qualitative test.

Materials:

Blood sample, EDTA bottle, buffer solution, centrifuge, HIV strip,

micropipette, lancet or syringe, tunicate, hand glove and lab report sheet.

Procedures:

1. Whole blood was added on the strip and buffer solution was added to
enable migration, after migration the results shows up on the strip.

2. Whole blood in the EDTA bottle was spin to get the supernatant serum.

3. The serum was dropped on the strip and allowed to migrate

4. After migration the result shows up on the strip

5. Record result on the lab report shit.

Result:

If there is double line on the strip (i.e on the patient and control compartment of
the HIV strip), the result is positive. If there is only one line on the strip (i.e
24
control compartment of the strip), the result is negative. If the strip shows
anything other than the explanation above, indicates error.

Note: the strip test procedure for HIV test above is applicable in strip test for
hepatitis A, B and C.

2.5.2 URINALYSIS

Urinalysis is an array of tests performed on the urine and is one of the most
common methods of medical diagnosis. It is also a marker to detect the integrity
of the kidney. The test is conducted using dipsticks containing various chemical
pads. The parameters to be measured include;

 Specific gravity
 Ph
 Protein
 Glucose
 Ketones
 Blood
 Leukocyte esterase
 Nitrate
 Urobiliongen

Test procedures

1. Dipsticks are taken from urinalysis container

2. Dipsticks are inserted into the urine.

3. Change in colour is red at exactly one minute in comparison to urinalysis

colour chart.

Result interpretation depends on intensity of colour change on the chemical

pads of the dip sticks.

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2.5.3 BLOOD PREGNANCY AND URINE PREGNANCY, USING TEST STRIP

• Introduction: a pregnancy test is done to determine if a woman is

pregnant, pregnancy hormone is called the human Chorionic
Gonadotrophin (HCG) into the blood and urine. Pregnancy test detects
the hormone HCG and confirms the pregnancy.

• Aim: to determine the presence of pregnancy hormone (HCG) in the

blood and urine.

 Materials
 Pregnancy test strip
 Plain bottle
 Needle and syringe
 Wet swab
 Cotton wool
 Centrifuge
 Clean test tube
• Specimen: blood (serum) and urine
• Procedure for Blood Pregnancy Test: Patient’s blood was collected
through venipuncture into EDTA bottle, blood sample was spun in a
centrifuge for 5minute, and the serum was separated carefully into a
clean test tube by the use of Pasteur pipette. The pregnancy test strip
was immersed vertically into the serum for 5minute. The strip was
removed and the reaction was observed.
• Procedure for Urine Pregnancy Test: The patient’s urine was
collected into universal sterile bottle and the pregnancy test strip saw
immersed into the urine for 3seconds, then removed and left for
5minutes and the result was observed.

26
 • Result: An appearance of a line at the Control region and another at the
Test indicates positive result, while an appearance of a line at the
control region only, indicate negative result. When there is no
appearance of any line, it means the test is invalid and has to be done
using new kits.

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT

2.6.0 Determination of dissolved CO2

Co2 is a colourless gas

Aim/objective: Determination of dissolved CO2 in water.

Principle: The water sample is titrated against a strong base solution generally
(0.01M) sodium hydroxide, PH value and volume of known concentration which
turns pink in the presence of phenolphthalein.

Materials:

Retort stand

Burette

Funnel
27
Pipette

Conical flask

Wash bottle

Measuring cylinder

Phenolphthalein indicator

Sodium hydroxide

Beaker

White tiles

Procedure:

100ml of water sample is put into a beaker.

Add few drops of phenolphthalein indicator.

Titrate the mixed solution/sample against 0.01M NaOH until colour changes to
pink.

Calculation:

CO2= a × b × 44000÷ ml of sample

Where; a= ml of the titrant

b = normality of acid used.

Reference value:

No specific reference value for CO2

Conclusion: In conclusion dissolved CO2 should be done properly to avoid the

intake of excess CO2 in the body.

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2.5.1 Determination of saponification value

Saponification value is the amount of alkali required to saponify a definite

quantity (1g) of an oil or fat to form soap

Aim/Objective: To determine the saponification value of a given sample.

Principle: A known quantity of oil is refluxed with an excess amount of

alcoholic KOH. After saponification the remaining KOH is estimated by
titrating it against a standard acid.

Materials:

Burette

Retort stand

Funnel

Pasteur pipette

Phenolphthalein indicator

Alcoholic KOH

Hydrochloric acid

Water bath

Procedure: 2g of the oil sample was put in a beaker.

30ml of 40g alcoholic KOH was added in the beaker.

Boil for 30 minutes to ensure that the sample is fully dissolved.

Cool for 10 minutes then add 1ml of phenolphthalein indicator and mixed.

Titrate the mixed solution against 0.5M HCl until a pink colour appeared.
Calculation
29
 Saponification value= 28.05× {titre value of blank - titre value of sample)
÷ Weight of sample (g)

Conclusion: Saponification value should be tested for, to know if a given

sample can form soap.

2.5.2 Determination of total hardness in water

Hardness in water is primarily a measure of the amount of dissolved

calcium and magnesium e.g. limestone.

Aim/Objective: To determine the total hardness of a given water sample.

Principle: A water sample is taken into a conical flask. If an indicator dye like
EBT is added to a solution containing ammonium chloride and concentrated
ammonia buffer the colour of the solution turns wine red. EDTA is used to
titrate until there is a colour change from violet to blue.

Materials:

Burette

Retort stand

Funnel

EDTA

EBT

Micro pipette

Pasteur pipette

Ammonium chloride

Concentrated ammonia buffer

30
Conical flask

Procedure

The sample was measured and placed in a conical flask.

3ml of ammonium chloride and 3ml of concentrated ammonia buffer solution

was added into the conical flask.

About 2 drops of EBT was added.

The mixed solution was titrated against 0.01M EDTA solution until there was a
colour change from violet to blue.

Calculation

Total hardness in Mg/L=V×M×1000/ml of sample used

Conclusion: In conclusion the test for total hardness in water should be done
properly to avoid the intake of unclean or dirty water.

31
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES TRAINING

PERIOD

The industrial training was very fulfilling and educating but there were few
problems and challenges encountered, some of notable problems/lapses
encountered are;

1. Lack of financial support from federal government via the ITF and the
place of attachment, thereby reducing the student’s zeal to work.

2. Over population of IT students in place of attachment due to lack of places

for IT placement makes the place of attachment to be over crowded, and
makes practice to be difficult since the jobs are not evenly distributed
among the IT students.

3. Due to lack of confidence on the IT students are not allowed to practice.

4. Sometimes members/managing directors of the place of attachment, use

students for errands that are completely irrelevant to their training.

3.1 RELEVANCE OF THE SIWES PROGRAMME

The SIWES programme exposes students to actual work situations/experience

and therefore helps to equip them for labour market. It allows for proper
balancing of theoretical knowledge acquired in class with practical one required
in career practice. It therefore produces good standing for undergraduate

32
students before he or she leaves school. It inspired love for one’s discipline,
therefore the programme is too relevant that it should be sustained and even
made to be more effective.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 WAYS OF IMPROVING THE PROGRAMME

1. Proper supervision and assessment on students should be enforced and

payment of ITF funds to students should be effected during the training.

2. The industrial training act should be enacted properly on both public and
private firms; this should be in co-operated with firms to use their firms as
a place of attachment for IT students.

3. Firms and establishment should be encouraged to support student

financially and not to reject students seeking for IT placement in their
firms. Firms and establishment where students are attached for training
should be advised to organize a proper provision for grooming these
students.

4.1 ADVICE FOR FUTURE PARTICIPANTS

Future participants are hereby advised to try as much as possible to secure

placements that are very relevant to their discipline. During the IT period
students should be keen to give full attention to instructions, guide and teaching
given. Students are also advised to show enthusiasm and curiosity to work.
They should be obedient, subordinate and learn to keep proper record of things
taught.

33
4.2 ADVICE FOR SIWES MANAGERS

SIWES managers should ensure that supervisors allocated to students actually

do their jobs as expected and ITF fund gets to the students during the course of
the programme.

4.3 CONCLUSION

The SIWES programme proves relevance to the thorough equipping of the

undergraduate students as it helps to eliminate possible challenges in the
transition from learning to actual practice.

34
REFERENCES

Ehwerhecha, J (2012). A report on industrial training programme at holy trinity

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Monica, c (2004). District laboratory practice in tropical countries, McGraw

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University of Port Harcourt training log book (2015).

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