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Sets Relations Functions Cleaned

The document explains key concepts related to ordered pairs, Cartesian products, relations, and functions. It defines ordered pairs and the Cartesian product of two sets, provides examples of relations and their domains and ranges, and outlines different types of relations and functions. Additionally, it describes the characteristics of injective, surjective, and bijective functions.

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12 views2 pages

Sets Relations Functions Cleaned

The document explains key concepts related to ordered pairs, Cartesian products, relations, and functions. It defines ordered pairs and the Cartesian product of two sets, provides examples of relations and their domains and ranges, and outlines different types of relations and functions. Additionally, it describes the characteristics of injective, surjective, and bijective functions.

Uploaded by

sreedevivn123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cartesian Product Example

Topic: Ordered Pairs, Cartesian Product, Relations, Domain & Range, and Types of Relations

1. Ordered Pairs:

An ordered pair is a pair of elements written as (a, b), where the order matters. (a, b) != (b, a) unless

a = b.

2. Cartesian Product:

Given two sets A and B, the Cartesian product A x B is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a in

A and b in B.

Example: A = {1, 2}, B = {x, y, z}

Then A x B = {(1, x), (1, y), (1, z), (2, x), (2, y), (2, z)}

There are 2 x 3 = 6 ordered pairs.

3. Relations:

A relation R from set A to set B is a subset of A x B. Each element of R is an ordered pair (a, b),

where a in A and b in B.

Example: A = {0, 3}, B = {1, 2, 4}, R = {(0,1), (0,2), (3,4)}

This means 0 is related to 1 and 2, and 3 is related to 4.

4. Domain and Range:

- Domain: Set of all first elements in the relation.

- Range: Set of all second elements in the relation.

Example: In R = {(0,1), (0,2), (3,4)}, Domain = {0,3}, Range = {1,2,4}


Cartesian Product Example

5. Types of Relations:

- One-to-One: Each domain element maps to one unique range element.

Example: {(1,a), (2,b), (3,c)}

- Many-to-One: Multiple domain elements map to the same range element.

Example: {(1,a), (2,a), (3,b)}

- One-to-Many: A domain element maps to multiple range elements.

Example: {(2,a), (2,b), (2,c)} (Not a function)

6. Functions:

A function is a relation where each domain element maps to exactly one range element.

- Injective (One-to-One): Different inputs map to different outputs.

- Surjective (Onto): Every element in the range is used.

- Bijective: Both injective and surjective.

Functions are used in mathematics and economics to model relationships, such as demand and

production functions.

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