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Introduction To Computer Science

The document explains the basics of binary and decimal number systems, including the representation of numbers using 0's and 1's and the concept of bits and bytes. It covers Boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) and provides examples of converting between decimal and binary formats. Additionally, it outlines the size of data in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.

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32 views3 pages

Introduction To Computer Science

The document explains the basics of binary and decimal number systems, including the representation of numbers using 0's and 1's and the concept of bits and bytes. It covers Boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) and provides examples of converting between decimal and binary formats. Additionally, it outlines the size of data in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes.

Uploaded by

mekedessima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

- Computer understands only 0’s and 1’s

Booleans – means representing in 1’s and 0’s –


1- Is True value
0- Is False value.

AND , OR , NOT – operators

Same as Number can be represented 0-9

+,-,*,/ – operators
2+3=5 (2,3 are called operands , 5 is called result )

XOR -EXclusive OR

Boolean AND Boolean OR Boolean NOT Boolean XOR


operation operation operation operation
1 AND 0 = 0 1 OR 0 = 1 NOT 1 = 0 1 XOR 0 = 1
1 AND 1 = 1 1 OR 1 = 1 NOT 0 = 1 1 XOR 1 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0 0 OR 1 = 1 0 XOR 1 = 1
0 AND 0 = 0 0 OR 0 = 0 0 XOR 0 = 0

True AND False = False T OR F = T NOT True = False


True AND True = True T OR T = T NOT False = True
0 AND 1 = 0 F OR T = T
0 AND 0 = 0 False OR False = F

Numbering System

Decimal
Decimal is a number representation system using numbers (0 – 9)
e.g 64 is a decimal number.
24993

Binary representation
Binary number system is a number representation system using numbers (0 and 1)
- Eg. 1110,

bit – the zeros and ones in the binary number is called bit
e.g How many bits are in the binary number 1110 – ans: 4bits
How many bits are in the binary number 101010– ans: 6bits
- Common way of representing binary numbers is in 8bits
o Minimum binary number using an 8 bit is (00000000)
o Maximum binary number using an 8 bit is (11111111)
Ex: Rewrite the binary number 1110 in an 8bit binary representation
Ans: 00001110
Rewrite the binary number 101010 in an 8bit binary representation.
Ans: 00101010

An 8 bit number is called byte


That means 1byte = 8bit

1 killo byte (1KB) = 1,000 byte = 8000bit


1 Mega byte (1MB)=1,000,000 byte=8,000,000bit
1 Giga byte (1GB)=1,000,000,000 byte=8,000,000,000bit
1 Tera byte(1TB)=1,000,000,000,000 byte=8,000,000,000,000bit

Converting Decimal to binary is just diving by 2 until we get all 1’s and 0’s
e.g 5 = 101 in binary

Converting Binary to Decimal


- any number to the power of zero is equal to 1 (e.g 10^0 =1, 2^0= 1, 16^0=1)
- any number to the power of one is the number itself (e.g 10^1=10, 2^1=2,7^1=7)
10^2 = 10*10=100
10^3= 10*10*10=1000

2^1 = 2
2^2= 2*2 = 4
2^3=2*2*2= 8
2^4= 2*2*2*2=16
2^5 = 2*2*2*2*2 = 32

8^2=8*8 = 64
8^3=8*8*8= 512

e.g.
Decimal Binary
100’s 10’s 1’s 16’s 8’s 4’s 2’s 1’s
10^2 10^1 10^0 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0
2 6 3 1 0 1 1 1

Decimal 2*100 + 6*10 + 3*1 = 200+60+3 = 263

Converting binary number 10111 to decimal


1*16 + 0*8 + 1*4 + 1*2 + 1*1 = 16+0+4+2+1 = 23
There for binary 10111 is equal to decimal 23

Homework: change decimal number 263 to binary

Ex 2 Change binary number 11101 to decimal

1*16 + 1*8 + 1*4 + 1*0 + 1*1 = 16 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 29

Homework: change the binary number 110011101 to decimal

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