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INTERNATIONAL AS
CHEMISTRY (9620)
Unit 1: Inorganic 1 and Physical 1
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert Question Mark
• a ruler with millimetre measurements
1
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate.
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 6
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. 7
• All working must be shown.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 8
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). TOTAL
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box
0 1 This question is about calcium.
0 1 . 1 State why calcium is an s block element.
[1 mark]
0 1 . 2 State why 40Ca and 44Ca have the same atomic radius.
[1 mark]
0 1 . 3 How many neutrons are there in an atom of 44Ca?
[1 mark]
Tick () one box.
20
24
44
0 1 . 4 A sample of calcium is ionised by electron impact in a time of flight (TOF)
mass spectrometer.
Write an equation, including state symbols, for the ionisation of calcium by
electron impact.
[1 mark]
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0 1 . 5 Table 1 shows information about the three isotopes in a sample of calcium. box
Table 1
Mass number 40 42 44
Relative abundance 48.0 1.5 2.0
Calculate the relative atomic mass of calcium in this sample.
Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
[2 marks]
Relative atomic mass
Question 1 continues on the next page
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0 1 . 6 A 44Ca+ ion travels, at speed v m s–1, along a 1.25 m flight tube in a box
TOF mass spectrometer.
The time of flight of the 44Ca+ ion is 8.98 × 10–7 s
The speed of the 44Ca+ ion is shown by the equation
2KE
v=
m
KE = kinetic energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
Calculate the kinetic energy, in J, of the 44Ca+ ion.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
The Avogadro constant, L = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
[4 marks]
10
Kinetic energy J
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0 2 An experiment is done to find the enthalpy change when aqueous sodium hydroxide is box
neutralised by hydrochloric acid.
Method
• The temperature of the aqueous sodium hydroxide is measured every minute for
3 minutes.
• At the fourth minute 100 cm3 of 2.50 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid are added, the
solution is stirred, but no temperature measurement is made.
• The temperature is measured at the fifth minute and every minute for 5 more
minutes.
Figure 1 shows the results.
Figure 1
0 2 . 1 Use Figure 1 to calculate the temperature rise during the reaction.
Show your working.
[2 marks]
Temperature rise °C
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0 2 . 2 Use your answer to Question 02.1 to calculate the heat energy, in kJ, released in this box
reaction.
The specific heat capacity of the final solution is 4.18 J K–1 g–1
(If you were unable to answer Question 02.1 you should use the value 19.3 °C
This is not the correct answer.)
[2 marks]
Heat energy kJ
0 2 . 3 Use your answer to Question 02.2 to calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for
the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
(If you were unable to answer Question 02.2 you should use the value 10.4 kJ
This is not the correct answer.)
[2 marks]
Enthalpy change kJ mol–1
0 2 . 4 The method used in Question 02.1 to calculate the temperature change allows for
heat loss to the surroundings.
Suggest one reason for the difference between the experimental value and a data
book value.
[1 mark]
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0 3 This question is about redox reactions. box
0 3 . 1 Identify the element that is oxidised in the reaction
2 BrO3– + 10 NO2 + 4 H2O → Br2 + 10 NO3– + 8 H+
Explain your answer using oxidation states.
[2 marks]
Element
Explanation
0 3 . 2 The half-equation for the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide is
H2O2 → 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e–
The half-equation for the reduction of manganate(VII) ions in acidic conditions is
MnO4– + 8 H+ + 5 e– → Mn2+ + 4 H2O
Write the overall equation for the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide by
manganate(VII) ions in acidic conditions.
[2 marks]
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0 3 . 3 In acidic conditions,
Cr3+
ions can be oxidised to Cr2O7 2– ions by MnO2 box
The MnO2 is reduced to Mn2+ ions.
Write a half-equation for the oxidation process.
Write a half-equation for the reduction process.
[2 marks]
Oxidation half-equation
Reduction half-equation
6
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0 4 This question is about the elements in Group 7 and their compounds. box
0 4 . 1 Explain why chlorine has a lower boiling point than bromine.
[2 marks]
0 4 . 2 Explain why bromine is a more powerful oxidising agent than iodine.
[2 marks]
0 4 . 3 When chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium iodide a redox reaction occurs.
State what is observed.
Write an ionic equation for the reaction.
State the role of chlorine in the reaction.
[3 marks]
Observation
Ionic equation
Role
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0 4 . 4 A student tests an aqueous solution, X, to see if it contains chloride ions. box
Method
Step 1 Add dilute nitric acid to X
Step 2 Add aqueous silver nitrate to the result of Step 1
Step 3 Add dilute aqueous ammonia to the result of Step 2
State why dilute nitric acid is added in Step 1
State the observation in Step 2 and the observation in Step 3 that would show that X
contains chloride ions.
[3 marks]
Why nitric acid is added
Observation in step 2
Observation in step 3
0 4 . 5 Hydrogen fluoride is a polar molecule.
Draw a diagram to show how two molecules of hydrogen fluoride are attracted to
each other.
Include all partial charges and all lone pairs of electrons.
State the strongest type of intermolecular force between molecules of
hydrogen fluoride.
[4 marks]
Diagram
Strongest intermolecular force 14
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0 5 This question is about compounds of boron. box
0 5 . 1 Draw the shape of the BF3 molecule.
State its bond angle.
[2 marks]
Shape
Bond angle
Boron trifluoride reacts with sodium fluoride as shown.
BF3 + NaF → NaBF4
NaBF4 contains the BF4– ion.
0 5 . 2 Draw the shape of the BF4– ion.
Name the shape of the BF4– ion.
[2 marks]
Shape
Name of shape
0 5 . 3 Explain why NaBF4 has a high melting point.
[2 marks]
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Boron trifluoride reacts with ammonia. box
BF3 + NH3 → F3BNH3
0 5 . 4 State how the B–N bond is formed.
Name this type of bond formation.
[2 marks]
How bond is formed
Type of bond formation 8
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0 6 This question is about Group 2 elements and their compounds. box
0 6 . 1 State the element that has the lowest melting point in Group 2 from calcium to barium.
[1 mark]
0 6 . 2 Explain why the first ionisation energies in Group 2 decrease from magnesium
to barium.
[2 marks]
0 6 . 3 State two observations that would be made when magnesium reacts with steam.
Write an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction.
[3 marks]
Observation 1
Observation 2
Equation
0 6 . 4 Titanium can be extracted from titanium(IV) chloride by reaction with magnesium.
Write an equation for this reaction.
[1 mark]
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0 6 . 5 Give one use of magnesium hydroxide in medicine. box
[1 mark]
0 6 . 6 Barium ions are toxic but barium sulfate can be swallowed safely in medicines as a
‘barium meal’.
State why barium sulfate can be swallowed safely.
[1 mark]
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0 7 This question is about sodium carbonate. box
Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid as shown.
Na2CO3(aq) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
0 7 . 1 A hydrate of sodium carbonate has the formula Na2CO3.xH2O, where x is a whole
number.
A 2.88 g sample of Na2CO3.xH2O is dissolved in deionised water to make 250 cm3 of
solution.
In a titration, 16.55 cm3 of 0.15 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid reacts completely with
25.0 cm3 of this solution.
Calculate the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O
[6 marks]
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0 7 . 2 The reaction is repeated using a different sample of sodium carbonate. box
The carbon dioxide collected occupies a volume of 598 cm3 at 300 K and 100 000 Pa
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide collected.
The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
[4 marks]
Mass g
0 7 . 3 State what a student would observe in a beaker after a reaction between
sodium carbonate and an excess of hydrochloric acid.
[1 mark]
11
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0 8 When water is added to anhydrous cobalt chloride, the blue solid turns pink as shown. box
CoCl2(s) + 6 H2O(l) ⇌ CoCl2.6H2O(s)
blue pink
Table 2 shows some enthalpy data for this reaction.
Table 2
Substance CoCl2(s) H2O(l) CoCl2.6H2O(s)
Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfHo / kJ mol–1 –326 –286 –2130
0 8 . 1 Use the equation and the data in Table 2 to calculate the enthalpy change,
in kJ mol–1, for the reaction.
[2 marks]
Enthalpy change kJ mol–1
0 8 . 2 Use your answer to Question 08.1 to deduce the enthalpy change for the following
reaction.
CoCl2.6H2O(s) → CoCl2(s) + 6 H2O(l)
pink blue
(If you were unable to answer Question 08.1, you should use the value –200 kJ mol–1
This is not the correct answer.)
[1 mark]
Enthalpy change kJ mol–1
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0 8 . 3 A student heats a sample of solid CoCl2.6H2O to obtain some completely dry CoCl2 box
Suggest how the student could find out if the sample is completely dry.
[2 marks]
END OF QUESTIONS
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