Terminologies pt.
2 Leaflet
Topic 16 Finals
Principles of Structural Analysis & Design CE EXIT 3
GOAL: Memorize the lingo, master the knowledge relating to structural engineering (structural theory, principles of steel and reinforced concrete
design. Most of the terms here are based in National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP).
1. ______________________ is a material other than water, primarily to support axial compressive load.
aggregate, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete
and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its 23. ______________________are deep foundations made of long
properties. columns driven or drilled into the ground to transfer loads to
deeper, stronger soil layers.
2. ______________________ is a granular material, such as sand,
gravel, crushed stone and iron blast-furnace slag, and when used 24. ______________________is a concrete with no reinforcement
with a cementing medium forms a hydraulic cement concrete or or with less reinforcement than the minimum amount specified
mortar. for reinforced concrete.
3. ______________________is a method of 25. ______________________refers to the theoretical resisting
proportioning and designing structural members such that moment developed within a fully yielded cross section.
elastically computed stresses produced in the members by
nominal loads do not exceed specified allowable stresses (also 26. ______________________is concrete that contains embedded
called working stress design). steel bars (rebars) to enhance its tensile strength.
4. ______________________is the length of embedded 27. ______________________is a factor that accounts for
reinforcement required to safely transfer the force from the steel unavoidable deviations of the nominal strength from the actual
to the surrounding concrete. strength and for the manner and consequences of failure.
5. ______________________is a member subjected primarily to 28. ______________________ in concrete is the separation of its
flexure and shear, with or without axial force or torsion; a girder ingredients (cement, sand, aggregates, and water) during mixing,
is a beam. transporting, or placing.
6. ______________________is the upward movement of water in 29. ______________________are all loads, static or transitory,
freshly placed concrete, caused by the settlement of heavier imposed on a structure or element thereof, during the operation
particles. of a facility, without load factors.
7. ______________________occurs when a fresh batch of concrete 30. ______________________is a wall designed to resist lateral
is placed against hardened concrete without proper bonding. forces parallel to the plane of the wall (sometimes referred to as
vertical diaphragm or structural wall).
8. ______________________ is a member, usually vertical or
predominantly vertical, used primarily to support axial 31. ______________________ is the reduction in volume of
compressive load, but that can also resist moment, shear, or concrete as it dries and hardens.
torsion. 32. ______________________ is a flat, horizontal structural element
of reinforced concrete that forms floors and ceilings.
9. ______________________refers to the ability of concrete to
withstand axial loads without crushing. It is one of the most 33. ______________________is one in which the lateral stiffness
important properties and is usually measured in megapascals is less than 70 percent of the stiffness of the storey above.
(MPa) after 28 days of curing.
34. ______________________is a distance between supports.
10. ______________________ is a short-cantilevered projection
from a column or wall that supports beams, slabs, or other loads 35. ______________________ is a reinforcement used to resist
above. shear and torsion stresses in a structural member.
11. ______________________ is the gradual deformation of 36. ______________________ is an assemblage of framing
concrete under sustained load over time. members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral
forces.
12. ______________________is the weight of the members,
supported structure, and permanent attachments or accessories 37. ______________________ is the lower part of a building that
that are likely to be present on a structure in service. lies below ground level, including the foundation and basement.
13. ______________________is the minimum length of a 38. ______________________E is the part of the building above
reinforcing bar needed to develop its full tensile strength in the ground, including floors, columns, beams, and roof.
concrete.
39. ______________________ In post-tensioned members, a tendon
14. ______________________is the lateral displacement of one is a complete assembly consisting of anchorages, prestressing
level relative to the level above or below. reinforcement, and sheathing with coating for unbounded
applications or ducts filled with grout for bonded applications.
15. ______________________ is an ability of a structure or member
to resist deterioration that impairs performance or limits. 40. ______________________ is a vertical element designed to
resist axial load, lateral load, or both, with a horizontal length-to-
16. ______________________ is the progressive and localized thickness ratio greater than three, used to enclose or separate
structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to spaces.
repeated or fluctuating loads, even if these loads are below the
material's ultimate strength. 41. ______________________is one in which the storey strength is
less than 80 percent of the storey above.
17. ______________________ is the base of a foundation that
spreads the load from columns or walls to the soil. 42. ______________________ is the ease with which concrete can
be mixed, placed, and finished without segregation. It affects the
18. ______________________ refers to voids or gaps left in quality and uniformity of the final structure.
concrete due to improper compaction or segregation.
19. ______________________ is a load that is not permanently
applied to a structure, but is likely to occur during the service life
of the structure (excluding environmental loads).
20. ______________________
is a method of proportioning and designing structural elements
using load and resistance factors such that no applicable limit
state is reached when the structure is subjected to all
appropriate load combinations.
21. ______________________is a characteristic of structures
where the actual strength is larger than the design strength.
The degree of over-strength is material-and system-dependent.
22. P______________________ is a member with a ratio of height-
to-least lateral dimension less than or equal to three used
