AP6502 Datasheet
AP6502 Datasheet
Features Applications
VIN 4.75V to 23V Gaming Consoles
2A Continuous Output Current, 3A Peak Flat Screen TV Sets and Monitors
VOUT Adjustable to 0.925 to 20V Set Top Boxes
240kHz Switching Frequency Distributed Power Systems
Programmable Soft-Start Home Audio
Enable Pin Consumer Electronics
Protection Network Systems
- OCP FPGA, DSP and ASIC Supplies
- Thermal Shutdown Green Electronics
Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl)
and <1000ppm antimony compounds.
100
INPUT 1
2
90 IN BST
C5
VIN = 5V 10nF L1
3 10μH OUTPUT
80 VIN = 12V VOUT
ON SW
EFFICIENCY (%)
7
3.3V
OFF EN AP6502A R1
26.1kΩ
70 5
C2
C1 FB
2 x 22μF
10μF R2
8 6 10kΩ
60 SS COMP C3
C4 4 6.8nF
0.1μF GND R3
6.8kΩ
50
VOUT = 3.3V
L = 10µH
40
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2
LOAD CURRENT (A)
Efficiency vs. Load Current Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit
Pin Descriptions
Pin Pin
Number Function
Name
High-Side Gate Drive Boost Input. BS supplies the drive for the high-side N-Channel MOSFET switch.
1 BS
Connect a 0.01µF or greater capacitor from SW to BS to power the high side switch.
Power Input. IN supplies the power to the IC, as well as the step-down converter switches. Drive IN with a
2 IN 4.75V to 23V power source. Bypass IN to GND with a suitably large capacitor to eliminate noise on the input
to the IC. See Input Capacitor.
Power Switching Output. SW is the switching node that supplies power to the output. Connect the output LC
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3 SW filter from SW to the output load. Note that a capacitor is required from SW to BS to power the high-side
switch.
4 GND Ground (Connect the exposed pad to Pin 4).
Feedback Input. FB senses the output voltage and regulates it. Drive FB with a resistive voltage divider
5 FB
connected to it from the output voltage. The feedback threshold is 0.925V. See Setting the Output Voltage.
Compensation Node. COMP is used to compensate the regulation control loop. Connect a series RC network
6 COMP from COMP to GND. In some cases, an additional capacitor from COMP to GND is required. See
Compensation Components.
Enable Input. EN is a digital input that turns the regulator on or off. Drive EN high to turn on the regulator; low
7 EN
to turn it off. Attach to IN with a 100kΩ pull up resistor for automatic startup.
Soft-Start Control Input. SS controls the soft-start period. Connect a capacitor from SS to GND to set the soft-
8 SS start period. A 0.1µF capacitor sets the soft-start period to 15ms. To disable the soft-start feature, leave SS
floating.
EP EP EP exposed thermal pad connect to Pin 4 GND.
+
OVP 2 IN
CURRENT
RAMP SENSE
+
-
1.1V AMPLIFIER
OSCILLATOR E
-
FB 5 +
80/240 KHz CLK
1 BS
-
0.3 V Logic
130mΩ
+
- 3 SW
SS 8 + -
CURRENT 130mΩ
+ COMPARATOR
ERROR 6uA
0.925 V
AMPLIFIER
4 GND
COMP 6
+
2.5V EN OK disable
LOCKOUT
- COMPARATOR IN < 4.10V
IN
EN 7 +
INTERNAL
5V
REGULATORS
SHUTDOWN
- COMPARATOR
0.9V
Typical Performance Graphs (VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
0.6 0.074
0.064
0.58
0.054
0.56
0.044
0.54
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0.034
0.52
0.024
0.5 0.014
0.48 0.004
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Quiescent Supply Current vs. Input Voltage Shutdown Supply Current vs. Input Voltage
6.2 3.33
3.329
6
3.328
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5.8 3.327
CURRENT LIMIT (A)
VIN = 12V
5.6 3.326
3.325
5.4
3.324
5.2 3.323
3.322
5
3.321
4.8 3.32
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 4 10 15 20
TEMPERATURE (C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Current Limit vs. Temperature Line Regulation
0.92 255
0.918
250
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY (Khz)
0.916
FEEDBACK VOLTAGE (V)
0.914
245
0.912
0.91 240
0.908
0.906 235
0.904
230
0.902
0.9
225
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
Feedback Voltage vs. Temperature Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature
Steady State Test no load Steady State Test 2A Startup Through Enable_no Load
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Startup Through Enable 2A Shutdown Through Enable_no Load Shutdown Through Enable 2A
Load Transient Test 1.0A to 2.0A Short Circuit Test Short Circuit Recovery
Application Information
Theory of Operation
The AP6502A is a 2A current mode control, synchronous buck regulator with built in power MOSFETs. Current mode control assures excellent
line and load regulation and a wide loop bandwidth for fast response to load transients. Figure 3 depicts the functional block diagram of
AP6502A.
The operation of one switching cycle can be explained as follows. At the beginning of each cycle, HS (high-side) MOSFET is off. The error
amplifier (EA) output voltage is higher than the current sense amplifier output, and the current comparator’s output is low. The rising edge of the
240kHz oscillator clock signal sets the RS Flip-Flop. Its output turns on HS MOSFET. The current sense amplifier is reset for every switching
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cycle.
When the HS MOSFET is on, inductor current starts to increase. The current sense amplifier senses and amplifies the inductor current. Since
the current mode control is subject to sub-harmonic oscillations that peak at half the switching frequency, ramp slope compensation is utilized.
This will help to stabilize the power supply. This ramp compensation is summed to the current sense amplifier output and compared to the error
amplifier output by the PWM comparator. When the sum of the current sense amplifier output and the slope compensation signal exceeds the
EA output voltage, the RS Flip-Flop is reset and HS MOSFET is turned off.
For one whole cycle, if the sum of the current sense amplifier output and the slope compensation signal does not exceed the EA output, then the
falling edge of the oscillator clock resets the Flip-Flop. The output of the error amplifier increases when feedback voltage (V FB) is lower than the
reference voltage of 0.925V. This also increases the inductor current as it is proportional to the EA voltage.
If in one cycle the current in the power MOSFET does not reach the COMP set current value, the power MOSFET will be forced to turn off. When
the HS MOSFET turns off, the synchronous LS MOSFET turns on until the next clock cycle begins. There is a “dead time” between the HS turn
off and LS turn on that prevents the switches from “shooting through” from the input supply to ground.
The voltage loop is compensated through an internal transconductance amplifier and can be adjusted through the external compensation
components.
Enable
Above the ‘EN Rising Threshold’, the internal regulator is turned on and the quiescent current can be measured above this threshold. The enable
(EN) input allows the user to control turning on or off the regulator. To enable the AP6502A, EN must be pulled above the ‘EN Lockout Threshold
Voltage’ and to disable the AP6502A, EN must be pulled below ‘EN Lockout Threshold Voltage - EN Lockout Hysteresis’ (2.2V - 0.22V = 1.98V).
Overvoltage Protection
When the AP6502A FB pin exceeds 20% of the nominal regulation voltage of 0.925V, the overvoltage comparator is tripped and the COMP pin
and the SS pin are discharged to GND, forcing the high-side switch off.
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Thermal Shutdown
The AP6502A has on-chip thermal protection that prevents damage to the IC when the die temperature exceeds safe margins. It implements a
thermal sensing to monitor the operating junction temperature of the IC. Once the die temperature rises to approximately +160°C, the thermal
protection feature gets activated. The internal thermal sense circuitry turns the IC off thus preventing the power switch from damage.
A hysteresis in the thermal sense circuit allows the device to cool down to approximately +120°C before the IC is enabled again through soft
start. This thermal hysteresis feature prevents undesirable oscillations of the thermal protection circuit.
R1
Vout
FB
R2
Compensation Components
The AP6502A has an external COMP pin through which system stability and transient response can be controlled. COMP pin is the output of the
internal trans-conductance error amplifier. A series capacitor-resistor combination sets a pole-zero combination to control the characteristics of
the control system. The DC gain of the voltage feedback loop is given by:
VFB
A VDC RLOAD GCS A VEA
VOUT
1
fP2
2 C2 RLOAD
Where GEA is the error amplifier trans-conductance.
One zero is present due to the compensation capacitor (C3) and the compensation resistor (R3). This zero is located at:
1
fZ1
2 C3 R3
The goal of compensation design is to shape the converter transfer function to get a desired loop gain. The system crossover frequency where
the feedback loop has the unity gain is crucial.
A rule of thumb is to set the crossover frequency to below one-tenth of the switching frequency. Use the following procedure to optimize the
compensation components:
1. Choose the compensation resistor (R3) to set the desired crossover frequency. Determine the R3 value by the following equation:
2 C2 f c VOUT 2 C2 0.1 f s VOUT
R3
GEA GCS VFB G GCS VFB
EA
Where fC is the crossover frequency, which is typically less than one tenth of the switching frequency.
2. Choose the compensation capacitor (C3) to achieve the desired phase margin set the compensation zero, fZ1, to below one fourth of the
crossover frequency to provide sufficient phase margin. Determine the C3 value by the following equation:
2
C3
R3 f c
Choose the inductor ripple current to be 30% of the maximum load current. The maximum inductor peak current is calculated from:
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ΔIL
IL(MAX) ILOAD
2
Peak current determines the required saturation current rating, which influences the size of the inductor. Saturating the inductor decreases the
converter efficiency while increasing the temperatures of the inductor and the internal MOSFETs. Hence choosing an inductor with appropriate
saturation current rating is important.
A 1µH to 10µH inductor with a DC current rating of at least 25% percent higher than the maximum load current is recommended for most
applications.
For highest efficiency, the inductor’s DC resistance should be less than 200mΩ. Use a larger inductance for improved efficiency under light load
conditions.
Input Capacitor
The input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from the input supply and the switching noise from the device. The input capacitor has to
sustain the ripple current produced during the on time on the upper MOSFET. It must hence have a low ESR to minimize the losses.
The RMS current rating of the input capacitor is a critical parameter that must be higher than the RMS input current. As a rule of thumb, select an
input capacitor which has RMs rating that is greater than half of the maximum load current.
Due to large dI/dt through the input capacitors, electrolytic or ceramics should be used. If a tantalum must be used, it must be surge protected.
Otherwise, capacitor failure could occur. For most applications, a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor is sufficient.
Output Capacitor
The output capacitor keeps the output voltage ripple small, ensures feedback loop stability and reduces the overshoot of the output voltage. The
output capacitor is a basic component for the fast response of the power supply. In fact, during load transient, for the first few microseconds it
supplies the current to the load. The converter recognizes the load transient and sets the duty cycle to maximum, but the current slope is limited
by the inductor value.
An output capacitor with ample capacitance and low ESR is the best option. For most applications, a 22µF ceramic capacitor will be sufficient.
ΔIinductor 2
L(Iout )
Co 2
(Δ V Vout )2 Vout 2
52mm
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34mm
AP6502ASP-13 is exposed at the bottom of the package and must be soldered directly to a well designed thermal pad on the PCB. This will help
to increase the power dissipation.
5V
BOOST
DIODE
BST 4
AP6502A 10nF
3
SW
Recommended Diodes:
Voltage/Current
Part Number Vendor
Rating
B130 30V, 1A Diodes Inc.
SK13 30V, 1A Diodes Inc.
Ordering Information
AP6502A XX - 13
Package Packing
Marking Information
( Top View )
8 5
Logo
YY : Year : 08, 09,10~
Part No AP6502A WW : Week : 01~52; 52
YY WW X X E represents 52 and 53 week
E : SO-8EP
G : Green
1 4
X : Internal Code
SO-8EP (SOP-8L-EP)
Exposed Pad
Dim Min Max Typ
8 5 A 1.40 1.50 1.45
A1 0.00 0.13 -
E1 b 0.30 0.50 0.40
H
C 0.15 0.25 0.20
1 4 D 4.85 4.95 4.90
F
E 3.80 3.90 3.85
E0 3.85 3.95 3.90
b E1 5.90 6.10 6.00
Bottom View
e - - 1.27
E F 2.75 3.35 3.05
9° (All sides) N
45° H 2.11 2.71 2.41
7°
Q L 0.62 0.82 0.72
4° ± 3° C
A
Gauge Plane
N - - 0.35
Seating Plane Q 0.60 0.70 0.65
e E0
A1
L
All Dimensions in mm
D
X2
Value
Dimensions
(in mm)
C 1.270
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X 0.802
Y1
Y2 X1 3.502
X2 4.612
X1 Y 1.505
Y1 2.613
Y2 6.500
Y
C X
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