The document outlines the manufacturing process in the glass industry, detailing the characteristics of glass, raw materials used, and the steps involved in production. Key stages include melting the charge, fabricating articles, annealing, and finishing treatments. Various agents such as network formers and modifiers are also highlighted as essential components in glass production.
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MfgInd Processes - Glass Making
The document outlines the manufacturing process in the glass industry, detailing the characteristics of glass, raw materials used, and the steps involved in production. Key stages include melting the charge, fabricating articles, annealing, and finishing treatments. Various agents such as network formers and modifiers are also highlighted as essential components in glass production.
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN GLASS INDUSTRY
ADVISED BY :- DR. ARVIND KUMAR GAUTAM
KRISHNANAND KUSHWAHA
SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES,
LOVELY PROFESIONAL UNIVERSITY,
JALANDHAR (PUNJAB) INTRODUCTION
amorphous bodies that are
> Glass is the name given to all s bode
ure of a melt indepenc
obtained by lowering the
its chemi e
solidification, which as a result of the gradual increase of viscosity
adopts the mechanical properties of a solid body.
> Glass is melted at a temperature between 1000 and 2000° C
> The microscopic structure of glass is comparable to that of a
liquid in which the individual Constituents form an irrec
network without a long range order. Gle so t
toa cooled melt RAW MATERIALS FOR GLASS PRODUCTION
> The raw material in manufacture of glass may be
selected from the following.
> Sand, soda ash, calcium oxide, fled spar, borax,
magnesia, zinc, alumina, lead oxide, manganese
oxide, selenium metal, broken glass, fluxes,
coloring agent, reducing agent, oxidizing agent
etc, GLASS MANUFACTURING AGENTS
> Network former
> Network modifier
> Intermediate glass formers
& Oxidizing agent
> Refining agent
> Cullet
> Coloring agent MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The manufacturing process of glass consisting of
the following four steps
> Melting the charge
> Fabrication of the article
> Annealing the article formed
> Finishing treatments MELTING OF THE CHARGE
> Amount of raw materials for the batch are calculated from
the chemical composition of individual components.
» the batch mixer which is a revolving drum provided with
blades to lift and spread the material uniformly, After proper
mixing of ingredient it is charged into the furnace.
>» Where all the raw materials melts to liquid state. Ta GeO) NMC Neath Gas
» Blowing
» Casting
» Drawing
> Pressing
» Rolling
> Spinning ANNEALING THE ARTICLE FORMED
> Glass articles, after being manufactured, are to be cooled
down slowly and gradually. This process of slow and
homogeneous cooling of glass articles is known as
annealing of glass.
Following are the methods of annealing
> Flue Treatment
> Oven treatment Finishing treatments consist of following steps.
> Bending
» Cutting
> Opaque making
> Silvering BLOCK DIGRAM FOR GLASS INDUSTRIES
= Melted Glas
Form Annealing |--235
Cullet Glass m ’ Product Process diagram for glass manufacturing
Tonk ras contr
Figure : Manvlacturs of Gians Oe oe
