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Terrorism Defence Study Notes

The document provides an overview of terrorism, defining it as the unlawful use of violence for political aims and categorizing it into types such as political, religious, and cyber terrorism. It discusses the historical evolution of terrorism, its causes, and the profound impacts it has on national security, society, and international relations. Effective counter-terrorism strategies are emphasized, highlighting the importance of intelligence sharing, surveillance, and international cooperation.

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92 views5 pages

Terrorism Defence Study Notes

The document provides an overview of terrorism, defining it as the unlawful use of violence for political aims and categorizing it into types such as political, religious, and cyber terrorism. It discusses the historical evolution of terrorism, its causes, and the profound impacts it has on national security, society, and international relations. Effective counter-terrorism strategies are emphasized, highlighting the importance of intelligence sharing, surveillance, and international cooperation.

Uploaded by

ksprakashkumarprakash
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Terrorism - Defence and Strategic Studies

Page 1: Introduction to Terrorism

Terrorism refers to the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the

pursuit of political aims. It has been used historically as a strategy by both state and non-state

actors. Terrorism aims to instill fear, coerce governments, or attract attention to specific causes. It

often targets symbolic institutions, civilians, and infrastructure to maximize psychological impact.

Understanding the nature, causes, and impact of terrorism is vital for national security and global

peace.

Types of terrorism:

- Political terrorism

- Religious terrorism

- State-sponsored terrorism

- Cyber terrorism

- Narco-terrorism
Page 2: Historical Background and Evolution

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon. Historical examples include the Sicarii in ancient Judea and

the Assassins of Persia. In the modern era, the 20th century saw the rise of organized terrorist

groups like the IRA, PLO, and Red Brigades. Post 9/11, global terrorism became more transnational

with groups like Al-Qaeda and ISIS gaining notoriety.

Major events:

- Munich Olympics (1972)

- Air India Flight 182 bombing (1985)

- September 11 attacks (2001)

- 26/11 Mumbai attacks (2008)

These events marked turning points in global counterterrorism strategies.


Page 3: Causes and Motivations

Several factors contribute to the rise of terrorism:

1. Political grievances - suppression, occupation, dictatorship

2. Economic deprivation - poverty, unemployment, lack of opportunity

3. Religious extremism - radical ideologies and indoctrination

4. Ethnic and cultural conflicts - minority oppression or separatist movements

5. Psychological and social factors - personal trauma, group identity, radicalization

Terrorism thrives where there is instability, weak governance, and unresolved conflicts.

Understanding the root causes is essential for prevention.


Page 4: Impact and Consequences

Terrorism has profound impacts on:

- National security: Increased defense spending and surveillance

- Society: Fear, division, loss of life and property

- Economy: Disruption in trade, tourism, and foreign investment

- Politics: Rise in authoritarian policies, erosion of civil liberties

- International relations: Cross-border tensions and military interventions

Case studies:

- USA's Patriot Act post-9/11

- India's amendments to UAPA

- Afghanistan post-Taliban resurgence

The long-term consequences often outlast the actual act of terror.


Page 5: Counter-Terrorism Strategies

Effective counter-terrorism requires:

- Intelligence sharing among nations

- Surveillance and technology use (drones, cyber tools)

- Deradicalization programs and education

- Strong legal frameworks and international cooperation

Key institutions and initiatives:

- United Nations Counter-Terrorism Committee (UNCTC)

- Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

- India's National Investigation Agency (NIA)

- U.S. Department of Homeland Security

A balance between security and human rights is essential for sustainable peace.

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