DPT 202 THERMO-FLUID
Faculty of Mechanical Eng. Technology
INTRODUCTION TO
THERMAL-FLUID
SCIENCE
COURSE CONTENT & COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE CONTENT
Chapter 1: Introduction to Thermal-Fluid Science
Introduction to thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid
mechanics, and its applications. Importance of dimensions and
units. Close and open system.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1:Ability to explains the principle of thermodynamic, heat
transfer and fluid mechanic in selected area of study.
DPT 321 INJECTION MOLD DESIGN
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview
Self Reading Assignment:-
Topic Title Page No.
1-1 Introduction to Thermal-Fluid Sciences 2
1-2 Thermodynamics 4
1-3 Heat Transfer 5
1-4 Fluid Mechanics 6
1-5 A Note on Dimensions and Units 7
1-7 Problem Solving Technique 13
1.1 - Introduction to Thermal-Fluid Science
•The word thermal stems from the Greek word therme, which means heat.
Therefore, thermal sciences can loosely be defined as the sciences that deal
with heat.
•Thermal-fluid sciences are usually studied under the subcategories of
thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics
•For example, designing the radiator of a car involves the determination of the
amount of energy transfer from a knowledge of the properties of the coolant
using thermodynamics, the determination of the size and shape of the inner
tubes and the outer fins using heat transfer, and the determination of the size
and type of the water pump using fluid mechanics.
•Thermal-fluid sciences play a major part in the design and analysis of
automotive engines, rockets, jet engines, and conventional or nuclear power
plants, solar collectors, the transportation of water, crude oil, and natural gas,
the water distribution systems in cities, and the design of vehicles from ordinary
cars to airplanes
1.2 - Thermodynamics
•Thermodynamics can be defined as the science of energy.
•The name thermodynamics stems from the Greek words therme (heat)
and dynamis (power), which is most descriptive of the early efforts to
convert heat into power.
•One of the most fundamental laws of nature is the conservation of
energy principle. It simply states that during an interaction, energy
can change from one form to another but the total amount of
energy remains constant. That is, energy cannot be created or
destroyed.
FIGURE 1-1
Conservation of energy principle for the human body.
1.3 - Heat Transfer
•In heat transfer, we are primarily interested in heat, which is the form of
energy that can be transferred from one system to another as a result of
temperature difference. The science that deals with the determination of
the rates of such energy transfers is heat transfer.
•Thermodynamics is concerned with the amount of heat transfer whereas Heat
Transfer is concerned with the rate of heat transfer.
•The basic requirement for heat transfer is the presence of a temperature
difference. There can be no net heat transfer between two mediums that are
at the same temperature
FIGURE 1–2
Heat is transferred in the direction
of decreasing temperature.
1.4 - Fluid Mechanics
•Fluid mechanics is defined as the science that deals with the behavior
of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics), and the
interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries. Fluid
mechanics is also referred to as fluid dynamics.
•Fluid mechanics itself is also divided into several categories. The study of the
motion of fluids that are practically incompressible (such as liquids, especially
water) is usually referred to as hydrodynamics.
•A subcategory of hydrodynamics is hydraulics, which deals with
Incompressible liquid flows in pipes and open channels.
•Gas dynamics deals with flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes,
such as the flow of gases through nozzles at high speeds.
•Aerodynamics deals with the flow of gases (especially air) over bodies such as
aircraft, rockets, and automobiles at high or low speeds.
1.5 - A Note on Dimension and Units
•Any physical quantity can be characterized by dimensions. The arbitrary
magnitudes assigned to the dimensions are called units.
Dimensions:-
•Primary dimension or fundamental dimensions.
(mass m, length L, time t, and temperature T)
•Secondary dimensions or derived dimensions.
(velocity , energy E, and volume V)
Unit systems:-
•English System
(inch (in), foot (ft) for length, oz, pound (lb) for mass, gallon (gal) for volume)
•International System
(meter (m) for length, kilogram (kg) for mass, second (s) for time)
1.7 - Problem Solving Technique
Step 1: Problem Statement
Step 2: Schematic
Step 3: Assumptions and Approximations
Step 4: Physical Laws
Step 5: Properties
Step 6: Calculations
Step 7: Reasoning, Verification, and Discussion
End of Chapter 1
Any Question?
Chapter 2: Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics
Self Reading Assignment:-
Topic Title Page No.
2-1 Closed and Open Systems 22
2-2 Properties of a System 23
2-4 State and Equilibrium 25
2-5 Process and Cycles 26
Temperature and the Zeroth Law of
2-6 28
Thermodynamics
2-7 Pressure 33
2-8 Pressure Measurement Devices 37
