Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content
Nonfiction Retell • Captions Technology
• Labels
• Glossary
Scott Foresman Science 2.13
ISBN 0-328-13807-X
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Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn?
engine aviators
invent gasoline 1. What are two of the special tasks
manufacture helicopter that helicopters are able to do?
meteorologist helium Why can they do these things?
satellite propane
technology runway 2. Why do hot air balloons rise high
transportation into the air?
vaccine
3. You’ve read
about different kinds of flying
machines in this book. Write to
explain how the monoplane
by Tess Mason
changed to the biplane, which
then changed to the triplane.
Explain which one worked better
and why.
Picture Credits
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
4. Retell the story of the first
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).
1 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 3 Age Fotostock; 6 (BL) Getty Images; 7 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited;
airplane flight by the Wright
8 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 9 Bettmann/Corbis; 14 (B) Age Fotostock; 15 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.
brothers.
ISBN: 0-328-13807-X
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What You Already Know
We use technology each day without even
noticing it. Technology means using science to helicopter
help us solve problems. People think up, or invent,
ways to use science and technology.
New inventions change the way people live. Technology also helps people communicate,
One thing that has changed is the way we get have fun, and work. A meteorologist studies the
from place to place. This is transportation. At weather with information from satellites. A
one time we could only walk. Now we drive cars satellite is an object that revolves around a larger
and fly planes. These kinds of transportation have object. Satellites in space send pictures back to
engines. An engine is a machine that does work. Earth. Meteorologists look at the pictures and
Another invention that has changed how we tell us about the weather.
live is the vaccine. A vaccine is medicine that Technology is manufactured, or made.
can help prevent disease. Doctors use technology Sometimes technology is manufactured by
in other ways too. people or sometimes machines do the work.
Transportation
One of the most important technologies
enables people to ever invented and manufactured is the flying
travel long distances. machine. Flying machines have changed
transportation. Today they are an important
part of everyday life.
2 3
Up, Up, and Away
Have you ever been on
a plane? What about a This steam-powered model was
helicopter? Maybe you have among the many experimental
dreamed of flying to the flying machines.
Moon. One hundred years
ago planes were just a Leonardo da Vinci was a great artist and
dream. Now we can get on inventor. In the 1400s, he studied bird wings
an airplane and fly anywhere to make the first flying machines. For the next
Humans have
in the world. It took people dreamed of few hundred years, people tried many different
thousands of years to get to flying like birds ways to fly. The first airplane left the ground
this point. for centuries. in 1903. Since then, we have learned a lot
For centuries, people have more about flight. Today there are many kinds
looked at birds fly through of flying machines, such as planes, helicopters,
the skies, wishing they and space shuttles.
could do the same. People
in China even tried to fly
on kites three thousand
years ago.
modern propeller plane
4 5
Hot Air Balloons
One of the first flying machines was the These days hot air balloons
hot air balloon. Warm air is lighter than cool air. use propane for fuel. The
Warm air rises. Hot air balloons can rise up into propane fires the engines
the sky because they are filled with hot air. that heat the air.
In 1783 the Montgolfier brothers Hot air balloons are
used this idea. They made the a great way to fly, but
first successful hot air balloon. they are hard to steer.
To heat the air, they burned They are not easy
straw and wool. to use for traveling.
Even so, in 2002
Steve Fossett became
the first man to fly a
hot air balloon all the
way around the world!
The Montgolfiers’
balloon was the
first-ever hot
air balloon.
Steve Fossett became the
first man to fly around the
Hot air balloons world in this hot air balloon,
can be very colorful. called Spirit of Freedom.
6 7
Airships Powered Flight
Since hot air balloons Aviators are people who fly aircraft and study
are so hard to steer, early flying. Powered planes are planes that use
inventors kept searching engines and fuel, such as gasoline, to fly.
for a better flying machine. Two aviators, called the Wright brothers,
In 1852 Henri Giffard flew Henri Giffard built made the first powered airplane flight. Their
the first airship.
the first airship. The airship plane was called the Flyer. It weighed
uses gases that are lighter than air, such as 605 pounds. The flight only lasted 12 seconds!
helium. This lets them rise up into the sky. The Flyer traveled 120 feet. The Wright brothers’
Airships have an engine so they can be more historic first flight led to today’s airplanes.
easily steered. Today some airships can stay
up in the air for days.
a modern airship The Wright brothers made the first powered flight in 1903.
8 9
The success of the
Wright brothers’ first
Louis Blériot flew over
flight inspired inventors the English Channel in
all around the world. Many his monoplane.
people tried to build their
Triplanes had three short wings.
own aircraft and came up with new ideas. The pilot could steer better and see better.
In 1909 Elise Deroche became the first female
pilot in the world. In the same year, Louis Blériot
flew across the English Channel in his The Wright brothers used a
monoplane, the Blériot XI. Blériot designed the biplane design. Bi means “two.”
first successful monoplane. Mono means “one.” Biplanes have two pairs of wings.
Monoplanes have only one pair of wings. The monoplane could fly faster
than the biplane, but the biplane
was safer. It did not crash as often.
Biplanes have two In World War I, triplanes were
pairs of wings. invented. Tri means “three.”
Triplanes had three pairs of wings.
This made them easier to handle.
Pilots could see better out of
triplanes because the wings
were shorter.
10 11
the Boeing 247 the Blackbird
Airplanes became more and more important.
In 1933 a company called Boeing flew the first
modern passenger plane. It was called the 247.
It carried ten passengers. More than thirty years
later, in 1969, Boeing flew the “Jumbo Jet.” The
Jumbo Jet can carry more than four hundred
passengers. It is still the largest airplane in
the world.
Soon people started using airplanes for
work. The U.S. Postal Service flew its first
Jumbo Jet cross-country mail service in 1920. By 1924 it
started a regular airmail service between New
York and San Francisco. Planes carried mail
much faster than trains had done.
The military has invented some of the fastest
planes. The SR-71 “Blackbird” flew from New
York to London in less than two hours! A regular
plane takes about six hours to make this trip.
12 13
Helicopters Future Flights
The first useful From kites to the first airplane, flying
helicopter was made machines have come a long way. Now we have
in 1936 by Heinrich helicopters and jet planes. We even have space
Focke and Gerd Achgelis. shuttles that fly into outer space. People keep
an early helicopter
Helicopters are used for inventing new ideas for ways to fly. Maybe
many things. They are small and fast to turn. someday we’ll be able to fly without planes. Who
Helicopters can hover. This means they can stay knows what we can do next? The sky is the limit!
in the air without moving. They can also land
without a runway. Helicopters are used for
rescuing people. They are also used for observing
animals in the wild.
Is this the future
a modern helicopter of flying?
14 15
Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn?
Glossary
engine aviators
1. What are two of the special tasks
invent gasoline
manufacture people helicopter that helicopters are able to do?
aviators who fly aircraft and Why can they do these things?
meteorologist studyhelium
flying
satellite propane
technology runway 2. Why do hot air balloons rise high
gasoline a common fuel into the air?
transportation
vaccine
helicopter an aircraft without wings 3. You’ve read
that moves with propellers about different kinds of flying
machines in this book. Write to
helium a very light gas explain how the monoplane
changed to the biplane, which
propane a kind of gas used as fuel then changed to the triplane.
Explain which one worked better
runway a paved strip of ground and why.
Picture Credits
on which planes land and
take off
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.
The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
4. Retell the story of the first
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).
1 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 3 Age Fotostock; 6 (BL) Getty Images; 7 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited;
airplane flight by the Wright
8 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 9 Bettmann/Corbis; 14 (B) Age Fotostock; 15 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.
brothers.
ISBN: 0-328-13807-X
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any
prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to
Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
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