1

1.1 PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS

1.1.1 Multiples, Factors, Common Factors, LCM, HCF, Primes, Test of Divisibility, Index Notation, Prime Factors,
Squares & Square Root, Cubes & Cube Root
a) What are the factors of 12?
1 x 12 = __
2 x 6 = __
3 x 4 = __
___, ___, ___,____, ____ and _____ are the factors of 12.
Correspondingly, ___ is a multiple of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.

NOTE: Understand the relationship between multiples and factors.

b) What are the factors of 24?

Answer:
1 x 12 = 24
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 x __ = 24
Correspondingly,
3 x __ = 24 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Factors are numbers that divide the given number without leaving a remainder. A factor of a number is less
than or equal to itself.
Faktor ialah nombor yang membahagi nombor yang diberi tanpa meninggalkan baki. Faktor bagi sesuatu nombor
biasanya kurang daripada, atau sama dengan, nombor yang diberi.
Multiples are the numbers obtained as a product of a given number and integers. Multiples are always greater
than or equal to the given number.
Multiples, or gandaan, ialah nombor yang diperoleh sebagai hasil darab nombor dan integer tertentu. Gandaan
sentiasa lebih besar daripada atau sama dengan nombor yang diberikan.

[p.5]
c) Which numbers, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 25, 32, 35, 36, 42, and 48 are the multiples of:
(i) 6? (ii) 7?

d) From above, list the LCM of the listed multiples.

(i) LCM of 6 and 7 is ……………………………………

e) What is a prime number?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) Circle the prime numbers below

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 29
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[p.6]

g) Are 43 and 84 prime numbers?

43 is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
84 is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

h) Consider the factors of 30 which are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30.

List out the prime numbers of the given factors.

_____, _____, ______. These numbers are also known as prime factors.

i) Find the prime factorisation of 180 using a factor tree

[p.8]
j) Consider the factors of 18 and 30.
18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18
30 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30

Therefore, the common factors of 18 and 30 are ……………………………………………………………………………………

Meanwhile, the highest common factor of 18 and 30 is ………………………………………………………………………….

k) Write down the first six multiples of 12 and 18, and then find the common multiples.

l) Solve problems involving divisibility rules.

Examples:

1. Is 72 divisible by 2?

2. Is 53 divisible by 3?

3. Is 180 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10?

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[p.12]

m) The square of a number n is the product of n multiplied by itself.

n2 = n x n
32 = 3 x 3 = _______
82 = 8 x 8 = _______

n) Without calculator, find:

52 72 92 92 + 32

o)

p)

Emphasize index = exponent = power.

Expand the exponent of a base to factors.

34 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3

72=7x7
63= ……………………………..

82= ……………………………. = 64

23 = ………………………….. = ……

52 = ………………………….. = ……

93 = …………………………. = …….
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r) Write down the expression in index form.
q) Find the missing base.
41 ∙41 ∙70 ∙70 ∙70
_____3 = 27
= 412 ∙70 ___
_____3 = 125
2 ∙2 ∙2 ∙3 ∙3 ∙3 ∙3
3
_____ = 8
= ……… ∙ …………
_____3 = 1
2 ∙2 ∙2 ∙3 ∙3 ∙3 ∙3 ∙41 ∙70 ∙70 ∙70
s) Fill in the missing exponent (power / index).
= ……….. ∙ ……….. ∙ ……….. ∙ ………..
10 ____ =10,000

t) Recognise the sequence patterns in squares and square roots. Complete the number sequence:

1 ,4 ,9 , ___ , ___ 144 , ____ , ____ , 81 ,64

u) Recognise the sequence patterns in cube and cube root. Complete the number sequence:

1 ,8 ,27 , ___ , ___ 343 , ____ , ____ , 64 ,27

v) Express 72 as prime factors. Leave your answer in index form.

w) Calculate mentally:

a) 42 + 9 = …………………………………..

b) (4 + 3)2 = ……………………………………

c) 52 − 7 = ………………………………………….

d) √(40 − 22 ) = ………………………………..

e) What is the fourth square number? …………….

x) Find the length of the side of a square with an area of 36 𝑐𝑚2

y) Find the length of the side of a cube with volume of 27 𝑐𝑚3 .

z) A choir at your school wants to divide the choir into smaller groups. There are 24 sopranos, 60 altos and 36
tenors. Each group will have the same number of each type of voice.

(a) What is the greatest number of groups that can be formed?

(b) How many sopranos, altos and tenors will be in each group?
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1.2 OPERATIONS WITH INTEGERS

1.2.1Order of operations, Addition, Subtraction & Multiplication of Integers, Word problems.

a) What is a double of 25? ……………………………………………………………

b) What is half of 50? …………………………………………………………………..

c) Multiply and divide mentally whole numbers by 10, 100 and 1000.

2 x 10 = 20
35 ÷ 100 = 0.35
3 …. 1000 = 3000
26 x 10 = ………..
1909 ÷ 100 = ………….
190923 ÷ 10 = ………………………..
2 …….. = 0.002

………… x 10 = 400

d) Which is the best approximation for 41 – 28?

a.40 – 20

b.40 – 30

c.4 – 2

d.4 – 3

[p.28 – 30]

c) Integers consists of ………..…… numbers, the number ……………, and ……………… numbers.

d) What are the integers between 0 to 5?

e) draw a number line to represent the possible values of x in each of the following cases.

-4≤x≤2 - 4 < x <2

_____________________________ __________________________________

f) A total of $29 987 was collected from a walkathon. Express this value to the nearest thousand dollars.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) An integer number is rounded off to the nearest 1000 and its value is given as 345 000. What are the
possible smallest and largest numbers?

344 449 ≈ 344 000

344 500 ≈ ……………

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345 449 ≈ …………………..

345 500 ≈ …………………..

The possible numbers are from 344 500 to 345 499.

Therefore, Largest possible number is …………. and the smallest possible number is …………………….

h) Find the approximate answer for 602 + 237

Estimation method 1: 600 + 200 = 800

Estimation method 2: 600 + 240 = 840

Which is the better estimate? …………………… why? ……………………………………………………………………………

[P.19 & 33]

i) Find 68 + (55-23) x 7 + 114 ÷ 3. Then, divide the answer by 10.

J)
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k) Find mentally or use jottings to find the value of:

a) 20 ÷ 5 + 10

b) 5 + 20 ÷ 10

200
c) 4 ×5
= 10

d) (33 − 52 )2
[p.37 – 43]

l) Find the value of each of the following without the use of number line

a) – 1 – ( -2) – ( -3) b) – 19 – ( -3) + ( -8)

m) Find the value of each of the following

i) ( -9 ) x ( -5) ii) ( -4) x 7 iii) ( -2) x 2 x ( -6 )

n) Evaluate the following

i) (-15) ÷ ( -3) + ( -2) x 8 ii) [( -3) – ( -5)] x 12 ÷ ( -84 + 52)

o) Number Sense Quizzes (No calculators!)

1. A number N is multiplied by 30 and divided by 5. The result is 6. Find the value of N.

2. True or false?

a) 63 is smaller than 36. (T/F)

b) 122 + 32 = 152. (T/F)

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p) Negative integers are integers ……………………. than zero.

Positive integers are integers …………………….. than zero.

ZERO is neither ……………….. nor …………………. integer. We call it the origin.

Examples:

1. Find the missing numbers:

2.

q) Write down the missing values.

a) ____ + 3 = −1

b) 8 − ____ = 6

c) ____ × −2 = −10

d) 4 × ____ = −12

r) Zahirah is planning to go on a holiday. She searched the Internet to find out the average temperature
of different cities in December. The table below shows his findings.

City Singapore Moscow Paris Melbourne Seoul

Average 28 −5 6 24 −1
temperature (0C)

Where can he go if he plans to go to the city where the temperature is

i. Below 0℃ = ……………………………………………………..
ii. Between −10℃ and 0℃ = …………………………………………………………..
iii. Above 20℃ = ………………………………………………………………………………

s) What is the difference in average temperature between Singapore and Moscow?

t) Where is it colder, Moscow or Seoul?

u) The average temperature in Taipei is exactly midway between the temperatures in Singapore and
Moscow. What is the average temperature in Taipei?

v) What are the two integers, when added together, will give -4 as the answer? Are there any other
possible pairs of integers which when added, will give the same answer?
……………… + ………………… = -4
……………… + ………………… = -4
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w) Kaka Mia is the first licensed rescue diver in Brunei. She decides to have a trip to Thailand. One day,
she received a message that a boy is stuck in one of the Thailand caves. He is 18 meters deep into the
cave. Flood rises and the boy found a dry shelter after walking another 15.5 meters. Kaka Mia was sent
for the rescue. Her dive computer can only read whole numbers. How deep does she need to go into the
cave to find the missing boy?

x) Kaka Mia then goes back to Brunei. She is bringing the navy to see American Ship Wreck that is sitting
on the sea bed 30m below the surface of the sea since 1945. Consider the surface of the sea is ZERO.
What is the integer of the position of the sunken ship?

Answer: ………………………………..

y) The tip of the ship wreck is 10m above the sea bed. At which position, in meters, can the divers see
the ship? Give the answer in negative integer, considering that the surface of the sea is ZERO.

z) Mt. Everest, the highest elevation the world, is 8 850 meters above sea level. The Dead Sea, the
lowest elevation, is 413 meters below sea level. What is the difference between these two elevations?
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1.3 OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS

a) What is double of 2.2? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Multiply and divide mentally decimal numbers by 10, 100 and 1000, or by a small multiple of 10,

i. 4.3 x 100,

ii. 1.6 x 20 = 1.6 x 10 x 2 =16 x 2 = ……………..

iii.______ ÷ 100 = 4.7

c) Multiply mentally:

a) 0.2 x 8 = 10 x 0.2 x 8 = 2 x 8 = 16 ÷10 = 1.6 (EXAMPLE)

b) 0.04 x 9 =

c) 8 x 0.5 =

d) 7 x 0.03 =

e) ____ x 0.2=10

f) 80 x ____ =8

g) The decimal point is missing. Put it in.

i. 15.25 x 4.6 = 7 0 1 5

ii. 234.5 x 0.52 = 1 2 1 9 4

d) Mentally solve,

An estimate of:

a) 2.13 x 5.71

b) 6641 ÷ 21.3

c) (42.4 x √51) ÷ 21.3

e) One kilogram of fish was sold for $4.95. Estimate how many kilograms of fish you could buy with $20.

f) Without working out the exact answers, tell True or False:

a) (230 x 0.996) > 230

b) 2.6 – ½ > 2
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c) ¾ x 62 ÷ 0.89 is less than 45

d) 0.125 x 8200 < 1000

e) √2500 < 15

g) Round off 1.2468 to:

a) the nearest tenth,

b) the nearest hundredth,

c) 3 decimal places.

h) Qalesya wants to make a small doll house using planks of woods. The house requires 2.3 m of wooden
planks. Each wooden plank is one meter long. How many pieces of wooden planks does she need to
make the doll house?

i) A pear costs $1.20 each. What is the maximum number of pears I could get if I only have $10 inside my
wallet?

j) My mother made 6 bowls of pasta. She puts extra cheese on 3 of them. What fraction of the bowls
did not have extra cheese?

[p.49]

k) In a class of 36 students, 5/9 of them are girls. How many boys are there in the class?

Now try this class!

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[p.52]

l) Evaluate.
1 1 3 2
3
of 4 change 24 to improper fraction change 15 to improper fraction

3 2
m) solve 24 x 15 and give your answer to a mixed number.

n) Without working out the answers, tell True or False:

(a) 0.3 – 0.125 > 1/5 (b) ¾ + ½ > 1

(c) 62 ÷ 0.89 is less than 62. (d) 19/8 – 8/19 < 2

o) Rewrite the following numbers in ascending order:

39
6.1 , 5.444 , 645 , - 6.1 , 5.4 , , −2
8

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

p) Which sign makes the statement true?

5.9 ________ 5.90 × 101

< > =

q) Select < ,>or= to make the statement true.

1 000 centimeters ______ 10 meters

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[p.53]

r) Evaluate
1 3 1 1
4
÷ 10 72 ÷ 24

s) Circle the fraction that represents the largest amount:

15 16 19 18
, , ,
16 17 20 19

1.4 RATIO & PROPORTION

t) Are 1 : 2 and 5 : 10 in proportion?

u) Simplify the ratio 25 : 40

v) Simplify the ratio 12 : 6 : 60

w) Divide $260 among Zahirah, Qalesya and Rabiatul in the ratio 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4.

[p.125]

x) A bar of chocolate weighs 450g. The bar has 3 sections with different flavours, cream, peanut and
almond, in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. Find the mass, in grams, of (a) the cream section; (b) the almond section in
the bar.

[p.128]

y) The actual length of a road is 3.5 km. It is represented by a length of 7 cm on a map. What is the scale
of this map?

z) The scale of a map is 1 cm to 10 000 cm. If the distance on the map between the library and the
school is 25 cm, find the actual distance in km.