INFORMATICS PRACTICES (065)
UNIT 1 : COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Syllabus
2
IInformation Processing Cycle (IPO CYCLE)
IBasic Components of a Computer System(Tangible and Intangible)
VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE
Registers : These are high speed temporary storage areas found in the CPU.
The CPU places the highest priority jobs/data inside registers for faster
execution / processing.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic logic unit performs all arithmetic operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. It also uses logic operation for
comparison like comparison or decision making (>, <, <=, >=, = etc.).
Control Unit (CU)
The control unit of a CPU controls the entire operation of
the computer. It also controls all devices such as
memory, input/output devices connected to the CPU.
Input Unit
An input unit takes/accepts input and converts it into binary
form so that it can be understood by the computer.
Eg: Keyboard, Mouse, OCR, OMR, Scanner, Webcam etc.
Output Unit
Output unit is formed by the output devices attached to a
computer. Output devices produce the output generated by
the CPU in human understandable form.
Eg: Monitor, Speakers, Projector etc.
IMPACT NON IMPACT PRINTERS
PRINTERS
DOT MATRIX PRINTER iNKJET/ dESKJET PRINTER
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ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
Input & Output Devices
Input Device:
Input devices are those devices which help to enter data into
computer system. E.g. Keyboad, Mouse, Touchscreen,
Barcode Reader, Scanner, MICR, OMR etc.
Bar Code Reader MICR used in Bank OMR
KEYBOARD: This is the most common input device which
uses an arrangement of buttons or keys.
Mouse:
A computer mouse (plural mice or mouses) is a hand-
held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion
relative to a surface.
Scanner:
Scanner is a device that optically scans
images, printed text, handwriting, or an object,
and converts it to digital image.
JOYSTICK:
A joystick is an input device consisting of a
stick that pivots on a base and reports its
angle or direction to the device it is
controlling.
PRINTER:
◻ Printer produces result on the paper.
◻ There are various types of printers available in the market:
DOT MATRIX PRINTER:
◻ Uses ribbon and hammer technology.
◻ Its quality is not very good. It prints by making the object using
small dots.
Primary Memory:
Primary memory has direct link with input unit and output
unit. It stores the input data, intermediate calculation, result.
Secondary Memory:
The primary storage is not able to store data permanently for
future use. So some other types of storage technology is
required to store the data permanently for long time, it is
called secondary or auxiliary memory.
Registers are a type of computer memory built
directly into the processor or CPU (Central
Processing Unit) that is used to store and manipulate
data during the execution of instructions. A register
may hold an instruction, a storage address, or any
kind of data
