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04 Computer Science Basics

The document provides an overview of computer science, covering key concepts such as algorithms, data structures, programming fundamentals, and the binary system. It outlines the importance of efficiency in algorithms and introduces programming languages like Python, Java, and C++. Additionally, it describes the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and its phases, along with common methodologies like Agile and Waterfall.

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Saba Fatima
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29 views1 page

04 Computer Science Basics

The document provides an overview of computer science, covering key concepts such as algorithms, data structures, programming fundamentals, and the binary system. It outlines the importance of efficiency in algorithms and introduces programming languages like Python, Java, and C++. Additionally, it describes the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and its phases, along with common methodologies like Agile and Waterfall.

Uploaded by

Saba Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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04 Computer Science Basics

Introduction to Computer Science


 Computer Science is the study of algorithms, data structures, programming, and system
architecture used to solve problems using computers.

1. Algorithms and Data Structures


 Algorithm: A finite set of instructions to solve a problem.
 Data Structures: Arrays, Lists, Stacks, Queues, Trees, Graphs.
 Efficiency: Time and space complexity (Big O notation).

2. Programming Fundamentals
 Languages: Python, Java, C++.
 Control Structures: Loops, conditionals, functions.
 Example (Python):
 def factorial(n): return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n - 1)

3. Binary and Logic


 Binary System: Base-2, used by computers to represent all data.
 Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR used in digital circuits.

4. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)


 Phases: Requirement Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment,
Maintenance.
 Agile and Waterfall are common SDLC methodologies.

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