The Periodic Table!

Learning Objective: What patterns can we see in the Periodic Table?

State what the groups and Use patterns in data for

Use data to describe a trend in
periods of the Periodic Table physical properties to estimate
physical properties.
tell you about the elements. a missing value for an element.

DO NOW: Keywords:
KS3 Activate • Periodic Table
Compare three Science • property
properties of
• groups
metal and • periods
non-metal • trends
elements.
Fantastic Fact!
The Periodic Table has this name
because there is a repeating
pattern of properties, like the
repeating pattern of menstrual
periods.
DO NOW: Comparing the properties of metals
and non-metals

Metals Non-metals
▪ Usually solid. ▪ Usually gases or liquids.
▪ Shiny, malleable, ductile, ▪ Dull, brittle, and are not
and sonorous. sonorous.
▪ Good conductors of heat ▪ Poor conductors of heat
and electricity. and electricity.
▪ Have high melting points ▪ Have low melting points
and high densities. and low densities.
 RECALL: Metal, non-metal, or metalloid?
CHALLENGE:
(1) Zinc Metal What properties
(2) Carbon Non-Metal do metals and
non-metals have?
(3) Silicon Metalloid
(4) Boron Metalloid
(5) Potassium Metal Critical thinking Questions: Pick one
question to answer below….
(6) Argon Non-Metal 1. Mercury is a metal but it is liquid
(7) Iron Metal at room temperature. How does
this make it useful in
(8) Astatine Metalloid thermometers?
2. Silicon is a metalloid. It is a semi
(9) Chlorine Non-Metal conductor of electricity. How do
(10) Magnesium Metal these anomalous properties make it
useful?
How are elements arranged?
1808 John Dalton
One of the first suggestions came
from John Dalton. He arranged the
elements in order of their masses,
which had been measured in various
chemical reactions.

In 1808 he published a table of

elements in his book A New System of
Chemical Philosophy
 How are elements arranged?
1864 John Newlands’ table of elements

He also arranged the known elements in order of mass but noticed that the
properties of every eighth element seemed similar. He produced a table showing
groups of 8 (octaves). But he did not take into account that chemists were still
discovering new ones.
 The Periodic Table
There are 98 elements that exist
naturally. Can you remember all their
properties?

Luckily, you don’t need to. There are

patterns in element properties.
You can predict the properties of an
element from its place in the Periodic
Table.
In 1869 Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev used patterns in
properties to create the first Periodic Table.
At the time there were only 60 known elements. Using patterns
in the table he was able to predict that new elements would be
discovered. He left gaps in the table so that new elements
could be filled in.
 Metals or non-metals?
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements, arranged according to
similarities in their properties. It also shows the chemical symbol of each element.
Where are metals and non-metals located in the periodic table?

Metals are on Non-metals

the left and in are mostly on
the centre. the right.
 Metalloids
Where in the periodic table can you find the metalloids
(sometimes called semi-metals)?

The metalloids
are located here.
 How are the elements arranged?
The elements in the periodic table are arranged in families called groups and periods. A group is a
vertical column in the periodic table; a period is a horizontal row.
groups 0 to 7

Elements in the periods 1 to 7

same group tend
to have similar
properties.

Going down a group, there is a pattern in the properties such as melting point, boiling point, and
density. Density is how much mass something has for its volume. Going across a period, there are
patterns in the properties of the elements such as the melting points of the Period 2 and Period 3
elements.
QUICK CHECK: Group & period?
group
Bromine
period
QUICK CHECK: Group & period?
group
Calcium
period
QUICK CHECK: Group & period?
group
Neon
period
 TASK: THE PERIODIC TABLE WS

Using different coloured groups 0 to 7

periods 1 to 7
highlighter pens or different
types of shading, colour in each
of the following groups and give
them the heading shown:
• Group 1 ‘The alkali metals’
• Group 7 ‘The halogens’
• Group 0 ‘The noble gases’

INDEPENDENT TASKS: Complete Periodic Table Worksheets.

Task:
BRONZE Copy and complete the following table:
Challenge: Suggest reasons for
Element Symbol Group Period Hydrogen to be placed in group 1.
Bromine
Mg
Calcium
Neon
He
SILVER If two elements like helium and Neon are in
the same group, what does this tell us about their
properties?
GOLD
Element Density Element Density
(a) The tables show the densities of (g/cm3) (g/cm3)
some metals. Predict the density of
palladium and justify your reasoning. Cobalt 8.9 Nickel 8.9
(b) The bar chart shows the melting Rhodium 12.4 Palladium
points of the Period 3 elements. Iridium 22.5 Platinum 21.4
Describe the pattern shown in the
bar chart.
BRONZE Copy and complete the following table: Challenge: Suggest reasons for
Hydrogen to be placed in group 1.
Element Symbol Group Period
Bromine Br 7 4
Magnesium Mg 2 3
Calcium Ca 2 4
Neon Ne 0 2
Helium He 0 1

SILVER: Elements in the same group tend to have similar physical and chemical properties.
GOLD: (a) The trend is the density increases down the group.
(b) The melting point increases from left to right for the first four elements. The melting points of the
other elements are low.

Element Density Element Density

(g/cm3) (g/cm3)
Cobalt 8.9 Nickel 8.9
Rhodium 12.4 Palladium (15.0-16.0)
Iridium 22.5 Platinum 21.4
 EXIT TICKET
Copy the sentences below, choosing the correct bold words.

The vertical columns of the Periodic Table are groups/periods. The horizontal
rows are groups/periods. There are patterns in element properties down/across
groups and down/across periods.

Element Melting point (°C) Element Melting point (°C) CHALLENGE: The tables
opposite show data for
Iron 1535 Nickel 1453
elements near palladium
Ruthenium 2500 Palladium in the Periodic Table.
Osmium 3000 Platinum 1769 Each table shows the
elements in one group.
Element Melting point (°C) For the groups headed by iron and cobalt, Use the data to predict
melting point increases from top to bottom. the melting point of
Cobalt 1492 Nickel’s group is likely to show the same
palladium.
Rhodium 1970 pattern.
Prediction range: between 1453°c - 1769°c.
Iridium 2440
 HOMEWORK: Research Task - The history of the
periodic table!
Write two – three paragraphs about the history of the periodic table.
Research, make notes and then rewrite into your own words with just your basic
notes for help.

Dmitri Mendeleev 1869

1808 John Dalton 1864 John Newlands