Probability and Random Process (ECEg2110)
Individual Assignment II 2017
Weight (10%) Deadline march 27,2025
NB: Show necessary Steps, not final answers!!!
Random Variables
1. A continuous random variable has a pdf of where
and is a constant.
Find
a. the value of (b). the cdf of (c).
2. A discrete r.v X has the cdf given below
Then, based on this, answer the following:
(a). Plot the cdf of X
(b).
(c).
3. An information source generates symbols at random from. a four-letter alphabet
(a, b, c, d} with probabilities P(a) = 0.5, P(b) = 0.3, and P(c) = P(d) =0.1 A coding
scheme encodes these symbols into binary codes as follows:
4. Let X be the r.v. denoting the length of the code, that is, the number of binary
symbols (bits).
(a) What is the range of X?
(b) Assuming that the generations of symbols are independent, find the
probabilities P(X = 1), P(X = 2), P(X = 3), and P(X > 3).
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5. Show that
6. Find the mean and variance of the geometric r.v. X
7. A binary source generates digits 1 and 0 randomly with probabilities 0.7 and
0.3, respectively.
(a) What is the probability that three 1s and four 0s will occur in a seven-digit
sequence?
(b) What is the probability that at least three 1s will occur in a seven-digit
sequence?
8. A noisy transmission channel has a per-digit error probability p = 0.03.
(a) Calculate the probability of more than one error in 5 received digits.
(b) Repeat (a), using the Poisson approximation.
(c) calculate the probability of less than one error in 5 received digits.
9. Assume that the length of a phone call in minutes is an exponential r.v. X with
parameter = 0.1. If someone arrives at a phone booth just before you
arrive, find the probability that you will have to wait
(a) less than 5 minutes, and (b) between 5 and 10 minutes.
10. A production line manufactures 1000-ohm (R) resistors that have 10 percent
tolerance. Let X denote the resistance of a resistor. Assuming that X is a normal
r.v. with mean 500 and variance 1000, find the probability that a resistor picked
at random will be rejected.
11. Binary data are transmitted over a noisy communication channel in block of
16 binary digits. The probability that a received digit is in error as a result of
channel noise is 0.01. Assume that the errors occurring in various digit
positions within a block are independent.
(a) Find the mean and the variance of the number of errors per block.
(b) Find the probability that the number of errors per block is greater than or
equal to 4.
12. Let the continuous r.v. X denote the weight (in pounds) of a package. The
range of weight of packages is between 30 and 100 pounds.
(a) Determine the probability that a package weighs more than 50 pounds.
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(b) Find the mean and the variance of the weight of packages.
13. Consider the experiment of observing a sequence of Bernoulli trials until
exactly r successes occur. Let the r.v. X denote the number of trials needed to
observe the rth success. The r-v. X is known as the negative binomial r.v. with
parameter p, where p is the probability of a success at each trial.
(a) Find the pmf of X. (b) Find the mean and variance of X.
Part-II: Application based questions
14. The life X(hours) of a certain kind of electronic component has a pdf
Determine
(a).the probability that a component will survive 150 hours of operation.
(b). the average life of the component
15. The pdf of X is shown in below
(a) Determine the value of a.
(b) Graph FX (x) approximately.
(c) Determine P(X>= 2).
(d) Determine P(X>= 2 |X >=1).
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16. Let T denote the life (in months) of a light bulb and let
(a) Plot f T (t) against t.
(b) Derive FT (t) and plot FT (t) against t.
(c) Determine using f T (t), the probability that the light bulb will last at
least 15 months.
(d) Determine, using FT (t), the probability that the light bulb will last at
least 15 months.
(e) A light bulb has already lasted 15 months. What is the probability that it
will survive another month?
17. Fire can erupt at random at any point along a stretch of forest AB. The fire
station is located as shown in Figure 3.22. Determine the PDF and pdf of X,
representing the distance between the fire and the fire station. Sketch these
functions.
Position of the fire station and stretch of forest, AB
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