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Chapter 5 Learning Objectives - Notes

The integumentary system serves several functions including protection, sensation, thermoregulation, excretion, and vitamin D synthesis. Its structure comprises the epidermis, dermis (with papillary and reticular layers), hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, each with specific characteristics and roles. Skin color is influenced by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin, while skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma vary in origin, appearance, and danger level.

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11 views2 pages

Chapter 5 Learning Objectives - Notes

The integumentary system serves several functions including protection, sensation, thermoregulation, excretion, and vitamin D synthesis. Its structure comprises the epidermis, dermis (with papillary and reticular layers), hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, each with specific characteristics and roles. Skin color is influenced by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin, while skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma vary in origin, appearance, and danger level.

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tpickles2002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

​ Identify the functions of the integumentary system and explain how


these functions are accomplished.
a.​ Protection – Barrier against microbes, dehydration, UV radiation,
and mechanical damage.
b.​ Sensation – Receptors detect pain, temperature, touch,
pressure.
c.​ Thermoregulation – Sweat glands and blood vessels regulate
body temperature.
d.​ Excretion – Sweat helps eliminate waste.
e.​ Vitamin D synthesis – Skin helps in production using sunlight.
2.​ Describe the structure, characteristics, and function of the epidermis,
dermis (papillary and reticular layers), hair, nails, sebaceous glands,
and sweat glands.
a.​ Epidermis
i.​ Outer layer, stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
ii.​ Keratinized for waterproofing and protection.
iii.​ Layers: stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum
(only in thick skin), corneum.
iv.​ Contains melanocytes (produce melanin) and
keratinocytes.
b.​ Dermis
i.​ Middle layer of skin with dense, irregular connective tissue.
ii.​ Two layers:
iii.​ Papillary Layer – Areolar tissue, sensory neurons,
capillaries.
iv.​ Reticular Layer – Dense connective tissue, hair follicles,
glands, sensory structures.
c.​ Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
i.​ Not part of skin technically.
ii.​ Loose connective and adipose tissue. Stores fat and
provides insulation.
d.​ Hair
i.​ Originates in dermis; composed of shaft, root, follicle, and
bulb.
ii.​ Arrector pili muscle causes goosebumps.
iii.​ Protects and insulates.
e.​ Nails
i.​ Hard keratinized structures protecting fingertips.
f.​ Sebaceous (oil) glands
i.​ Produce sebum; lubricate skin and hair.
ii.​ Associated with hair follicles.
g.​ Sweat glands
i.​ Eccrine glands – Widespread; secrete watery sweat for
cooling.
ii.​ Apocrine glands – In armpits/groin; active after puberty,
associated with body odor.
3.​ Name the factors that determine skin color, and describe the function
of melanin.
a.​ Melanin – Pigment made by melanocytes in stratum basale;
protects from UV radiation.
b.​ Amount & type of melanin determine skin color
(genetics-based).
c.​ Other factors:
i.​ Carotene – Yellow-orange pigment.
ii.​ Hemoglobin – Red pigment in blood vessels.
4.​ Summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell
carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
a.​ Basal Cell Carcinoma
i.​ Origin: Stratum basale.
ii.​ Appearance: Shiny bump or patch.
iii.​ Least dangerous; rarely metastasizes.
b.​ Squamous Cell Carcinoma
i.​ Origin: Stratum spinosum.
ii.​ Appearance: Scaly sore or red lesion.
iii.​ Can grow and spread if untreated.
c.​ Malignant Melanoma
i.​ Origin: Melanocytes (often from moles).
ii.​ Most dangerous and aggressive.
iii.​ Can spread rapidly to other organs.

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