Major Project

On

HYDRAULIC TRAFFIC
REDUCE SYSTEM
A Project report submitted
In partial fulfillment of requirement for
The award of the Diploma in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted to
State Board of Technical Education -Bihar

Submitted By:-
NAME ROLL NO.
NITISH KUMAR 611191522030
BITU KUMAR 611191522029
VIVEK KUMAR YADAV 611191522059
JAI KISHAN KUMAR 611191522042
SHIVAM KUMAR 611191522026
Under the supervision of
Prof. NIKHIL KUMAR

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC PURNEA

E-MAIL: [email protected]
Department of Civil Engineering
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC PURNEA

Department Of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodies in this report entitled “HYDRAULIC
TRAFFIC REDUCE SYSTEM ” being submitted by NITISH KUMAR (611191522030),
BITU KUMAR (611191522029), VIVEK KUMAR YADAV (611191522059), JAI
KISHAN KUMAR (611191522042) and SHIVAM KUMAR (611191522026) in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of “Diploma in CIVIL
ENGINEERING” to State Board Of Technical Education Patna, Bihar during the
academic year 2025. According to best of my Knowledge is a record of bonafide
piece of work carried out by him under my guidance in the Department of CIVIL
ENGINEERING, GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC PURNEA.

Prof. Nikil Kumar Prof. Sandeep Kumar

Lecturer H.O.D. of Civil Engineering
Department of civil engineering G.P. Purnea

SSP CO-ORDINATOR PRINCIPAL

G.P. PURNEA G.P. PURNEA
 Department Of Civil Engineering

APPROVAL

This Project entitled “HYDRAULIC TRAFFIC REDUCE SYSTEM”

Submitted By:-
NAME ROLL NO.
1. NITISH KUMAR 611191522030
2. BITU KUMAR 611191522029
3. VIVEK KUMAR YADAV 611191522059
4. JAI KISHAN KUMAR 611191522042
5. SHIVAM KUMAR 611191522026

Is approved for the award of degree of polytechnic in Civil Engineering.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINAER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with a feeling of immense gratitude and regard that we thank for guide,
PROF.NIKHIL KUMAR, department of civil engineering, for his valuable and
expert guidance which he has provided us during the course of this project. We
are in dept. to his valuable suggestions and highly productive discussion from time
to time that have instrumental in giving direction to this project and without which
this project could never have been completed.

We specially that our HOD SANDEEP KUMAR without whose permission, this
project would not have materialized. We are sincerely thankful to him for
providing us with such sophisticated laboratories and equipment wherein we could
carry out experiments related to the project.

We wish to express our heart full thanks to the faculty and staff members of the
department of civil engineering. Who despite being busy with their own
assignment, gave us time and provided as with all the help we needed we would
also like to express gratitude to the lab in charge and technician who helped us
through the duration in carrying out the experiment related to the project.

We are highly indebted to the library department of our institute which provide us
with an excellent collection of reference books, research journals and articles that
helped in completing this project. Along with this we would like to thank the IT
department of this institute for the internet facilities that they provided.

We hope this project will serve as our reference for the further research work that
may be carried out in this project.
NAME Signature
1. NITISH KUMAR (611191522030)
2. BITU KUMAR (611191522029)
3. VIVEK KUMAR YADAV (611191522059)
4. JAI KISHAN KUMAR (611191522042)
5. SHIVAM KUMAR (611191522026)
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• WHY I CHOOSE THIS PROJECT?
• OBJECTIVES
• TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
• CONCEPT OF HYDRAULIC TRS
• METHODOLOGY USED
• WORKING OF HYDRAULIC TRS
• APPLICATINS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
HYDRAULIC TRS
• FUTURE SCOPE
• CONCLUSIONS
• LITERATURE REVIEW
❖ ABSTRACT
Traffic congestion has been one of the major issues. India is one
of the fastest and largest growing economy in the world. Since,
there is a huge population living in India there are huge number
of private vehicles running on the road, which in turn causes the
problem in control of the traffic. So, to counter act this problem
we have introduced the new way. In the times of an emergency,
on the road side if there is a huge traffic congestion and there is
need to give a path to an emergency vehicle. By using hydraulic
traffic reduce system i.e. use of hydraulic mechanism underneath
the footpath, we can allow the vertical movement of footpath so
that vehicles can easily crawl on to it and clear their way. By
introducing this system while constructing of the new road we can
make it cost effective and also this will help in the times of
emergency. Hence, we can minimize the traffic congestion in the
unstable circumstances and emergencies.
 ❖ INTRODUCTION

As you know that the India is second largest population country in the world
also India is a second largest road network in the word and first largest road
network is United States of America (USA). According to rank in Indian roads is
5903293km and expressway is 1583 km. According to annual report 2017-18-
ministry of road transport and highways government of India. It is also a big
challenge or huge challenge to maintenance of roads every year & every decade.
The reason to maintenance of roads is to increase of private vehicle &
overburdening of roads in all big cities or major cities of the country. Most of the
cities are suffering from medium to high level of traffic congestion like Nagpur,
Mumbai and Delhi etc. The poor roadway condition, non-uniform roadway
affects the poor lane discipline, improper bus stop location and design, vehicles
of wide ranging characteristics and operating condition, uncontrolled on-street
parking, etc. As you know that most of the Indian youth owing is own car & two-
wheeler & this is big problem to increases pollution & bad or rash drivers in
India. The person spends 30 minutes to 2 hours of their day driving. That means
it about 360 hours in a year. In India already full of existing lifestyle & related
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
(www.ijsrst.com) | Volume 7 | Issue 3 Prof. Chetan N. Gawali J Sci Res Sci
Technol. May-June-2020; 7 (3) : 305-313 306 diseases & the driving & tariffing.
Creating unnecessary addition problem in India. In India some of the major
traffic problem in India is facing today. Traffic congestion in India is a major
problem for transportation. Its indicate that the nature and cause of congestion
in India that.

▪ PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AT INTERSECTION:

The definition of a pedestrian is a person who is walking along a road or some development
area to get where he needs to go. The traditional way of designing public transfer station is
based on rules of thumb. There rules deliver experience about the behaviour of passenger
in transfer station. However, they only consider constant or still situation. Different type of
pedestrian such as elderly people or parents with children needs different transfer time.
The factor affecting the walking speed of pedestrian age, gender, size, health, etc.
characteristics of the trip walking purpose trip length. The walking speed also depend on
the pedestrian volume.
▪ TRAFFIC CONDITION AT SIGNALISED INTERSECTION:
Transportation is carrying civilization to a brighter future. Currently transportation is one of
the most valuable problem in every area of the world. Every country try to resolve
transportation issues as per the capability and resources. The traffic volume are steady.
Traffic volume is simply the number of vehicle passing a section of a roadway during
specified unit of time. In signal number of vehicle are staying one line back to back is known
as queue, and their distance between first to last vehicle of the length is known as queue
length
▪ FOOTPATH:
A footpath is the part of road or other public place that is laid out or built for pedestrian
use. According to WHO (World Health organization 2013): The pedestrian or footpath is also
defined as the pedestrian is any person who is travelling by walking for at least part of her
journey. The benefits of walking it helps to economics, Environmental, social and health
benefits. All of these benefits lead to a better quality of life for people. Footpath are a
publicly good and are always provide by the government. In urban life walking is
fundamental part in India also walking is a healthy and pollution free from of mobility. As
per the institute for transportation and development policy (ITDP)'s reference guide and the
Indian road Congress (IRC)-2012 guidelines in India 1.8M wide enough for residential areas
for two wheelchair and for commercial zones it is 2.5 M wide and a ideal height is 150 mm
As per the design of footpath needs to a flat walking surface and walking International
Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology (www.ijsrst.com) | Volume 7 |
Issue 3 Prof. Chetan N. Gawali et al Int J Sci Res Sci Technol. May-June-2020; 7 (3) : 305-313
307 zones should be clear of all obstruction including poles, utility ducts and electricity. In
India it is clear that pedestrian in India cities currently have the lowest priority for walking in
footpath.
▪ HYDRAULIC MACHINE:
The word hydraulics is based on water, originally covered the study of the physical behavior
of water at rest and in motion. Hydraulics includes different types of manner or style in
which liquids act in tanks and pipes, deals with their properties, and explores or find out the
ways to take advantage or benefit of these properties. Although the modern development
of hydraulics has many principles and their applications. Hydraulic jack is based on the
Pascal’s law which states that increase in pressure on the surface of a confined fluid is
transmitted undiminished throughout the confined vessel or system.

❖ WHY I SELECT THIS TOPIC

• The existing traffic conditions definitely need a solution like Hydraulic TRS.
• Hydraulic TRS can reduce time delay faced by emergency service vehicles
(Ambulances & Fire fighters services).
• In our country a major fraction experience long responding time from
ambulances or fire fighters service.
 ❖ OBJECTIVE OF HYDRAULIC FOOTPATH TRAFFIC REDUCING
SYSTEM

The objective of a hydraulic footpath traffic reducing system is to manage and

control vehicular traffic on pedestrian pathways or footpaths in a way that
prioritizes pedestrian safety and convenience. Such a system is typically
designed to address various issues associated with vehicular encroachments on
footpaths, especially in urban areas. Here are some specific objectives of a
hydraulic footpath traffic reducing system:
1. The primary objective is to ensure the safety of pedestrians by preventing or
restricting the intrusion of vehicles onto footpaths. This is particularly important
in areas where pedestrian traffic is high.
2. The system aims to manage the flow of vehicular traffic and reduce congestion
by preventing unauthorized parking or driving on footpaths.
3. It ensures that footpaths remain accessible to pedestrians, including those with
disabilities, by keeping them free from obstructions caused by vehicles.
4. The system often includes features that enhance the aesthetics of the urban
environment by discouraging vehicles from encroaching onto footpaths.
5. Encourages compliance with traffic regulations and discourages illegal parking or
driving on footpaths.
6. Reducing the use of footpaths for vehicular traffic can have environmental
benefits by decreasing pollution, noise, and wear and tear on pedestrian
infrastructure.
7. In some cases, hydraulic systems may allow controlled access for authorized
vehicles like emergency services, maintenance vehicles, or deliveries, making
the use of footpaths more efficient when necessary.
❖ TRAFFIC CONDITIONS

Fig - 2: From google

Fig – 3 : From google

❖ CONCEPT
For the vertical movement of the footpath we are going to install the hydraulic
jack/mechanism underneath the footpath.

Hydraulic Jack: A hydraulic jack is a device that is used to lift the heavy loads by
applying a force via a hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic jack lifts the loads using the
force created by the pressure in the cylinder chamber. Hydraulic jack is based on
the Pascal’s law which states that increase in pressure on the surface of a confined
fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the confined vessel or system.

Fig -4: Conceptual hydraulic jack/mechanism

❖ METHODOLOGY
Principle of Hydraulics: Hydraulics is based on the Pascal’s Law.

Pascal’s Law: A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is

transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid.
 Fig -5: PASCAL’S LAW

Fig -6: PRINCIPLE OF HYDRAULIC JACK

❖ WORKING OF HYDRAULIC JACK
Consider Fig: 5
Inside a hydraulic jack there are 2 Platforms, one has a smaller
area and the other one has a larger area.
▪ It is a tube like structure which is filled with uniform fluid.
▪ There are 2 pistons (P1 and P2)which are attached at both
the ends of the tube.
▪ Cross-sectional area of piston P1 is A1 and of piston P2 is
A2.
▪ If we apply force F1 on P1, pressure gets exerted and
according to Pascal’s law the pressure gets transmitted
according to Pascal’s law the pressure gets transmitted in all the
directions and same pressure gets exerted on the other end. As
a result the Piston P2 moves upwards.
▪ Advantage of using hydraulic lift is that by applying small
force on the small area we are able to generate a larger force.
Mathematically:- F2=PA2
• Where F2 = Resultant Force, A2 = area of cross-section.
• F2= (F1/A1) A2 where P=F1/A1 (Pressure P is due to force
F1 on the area A1).
• F2 =(A2/A1) F1. This shows that the applied force has
increased by A2/A1.
• Because of Pascal’s law the input gets magnified.
• At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid counterpart of
pneumatics, which concerns gases.
• Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for
hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the
properties of fluids.
 Fig – 7: Conceptual design for actual Hydraulic TRS

Demonstration of hydraulic jack actual in footpath :

Fig – 8: Principle of Hydraulic Jack

Fig – 8: Principle of Hydraulic Jack

Whenever the pressure exerted on one end of the cylinder the liquid pressure will
lift the other end. Similarly, in case of emergency the footpath will be lowered to
the level of road so that vehicle can easily crawl over it and clear its way.
❖ APPLICATIONS
A hydraulic footpath traffic reducing system is not a commonly known or widely
used technology, so its applications are not well-documented in my knowledge
base, which is current up to September 2021. However, I can provide some
potential applications and benefits of such a system based on general principles of
traffic management and pedestrian safety:
1. Pedestrian Zones: Hydraulic footpath traffic reducing systems could be
installed in pedestrian zones to control the flow of pedestrian traffic during
different times of the day or in response to varying levels of foot traffic.
2. Event Management: In areas where events or gatherings are frequent, such
as concert venues, sports stadiums, or festival grounds, hydraulic systems could be
used to create flexible walkways or barriers to manage the flow of pedestrians
efficiently .This could help prevent overcrowding in busy areas and improve
overall pedestrian safety.
3. Crosswalk Safety: Hydraulic systems could be employed at busy crosswalks
to create barriers that prevent pedestrians from crossing the road when it's not safe
to do so, such as during a red light. This could help reduce accidents involving
pedestrians.
4. Accessibility: In areas with high levels of foot traffic, it might be useful to
have a system that can create ramps or smooth pathways for individuals with
mobility challenges, like those using wheelchairs or mobility scooters.
5. Retail Store Queries: In busy retail stores, hydraulic systems could be
employed to create orderly queues, ensuring that customers .
6. maintain a safe distance from each other and preventing overcrowding at
checkout areas.
7. School Zones: In areas around schools, hydraulic footpath traffic reducing
systems could help manage the flow of students and parents during drop-off and
pick-up times, reducing congestion and improving safety.
8. Public Transports: At bus stops and transit stations, these systems could
help create designated waiting areas and guide passengers to board vehicles in an
organized manner.
9. Temporary Events: Temporary Events: For temporary events like parades,
street fairs, or markets, these systems could create pathways and control access
points to ensure the safety and convenience of participants and attendees.
 ❖ ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC TRS

ADVANTAGES
Hydraulic traffic reduce systems, often referred to as bollards or retractable
barriers, offer several advantages in urban planning and traffic management. Here
are some of the key benefits:
• Environmental Benefits:
i.Reduced emissions (CO2, NOx, particulate matter)
ii. Lower fuel consumption
iii. Decreased noise pollution
• Economic Benefits:

i.Increased fuel efficiency

ii.Reduced travel times
iii.Lower operational costs (maintenance, policing)
iv.Enhanced productivity
• Safety Benefits:
i.Reduced accidents (fewer stops/starts, less braking)
ii. Improved visibility (reduced congestion)
iii. Enhanced emergency response times
• Traffic Management Benefits:
i.Real-time monitoring and control
ii.Dynamic traffic routing
iii.Optimized signal timing
iv.Reduced congestion hotspots
• Infrastructure Benefits:
i.Extended road lifespan
ii.Reduced wear and tear on infrastructure
iii.Improved road capacity utilization
• Social Benefits:
i.Reduced commute times
ii.Improved air quality
iii. Enhanced quality of life
• Technological Benefits:
i.Integration with intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
ii.Data analytics for traffic optimization
iii. Real-time traffic updates
• Other Benefits:
i.Reduced traffic congestion during special events
ii.Enhanced pedestrian and cyclist safety
iii.Improved emergency vehicle response times
 DISADVANTAGES
Hydraulic Traffic Reduction Systems (HTRS) have several disadvantages:
• Technical Disadvantages:
i.Complexity: Sophisticated technology requires expertise.
ii.Maintenance: Frequent maintenance, repair, and replacement.
iii.Interoperability: Integration challenges with existing infrastructure.
iv.Data Management: Handling vast amounts of real-time data.
v.Vulnerability to Cyber Attacks.
• Financial Disadvantages:

i.High Installation Costs.

ii.Ongoing Operational Expenses.
iii.Energy Consumption.
iv.Potential Revenue Loss (e.g., reduced parking revenue).
• Environmental Disadvantages:
i.Energy Consumption (carbon footprint).
ii.Resource Intensive (materials, manufacturing).
iii.Potential Environmental Impact (e.g., electromagnetic interference).
• Social Disadvantages:
i.Job Losses (automated systems replace human workers).
ii.Privacy Concerns (data collection, surveillance).
iii.Potential Inequity (unequal access to optimized routes).
• Operational Disadvantages:
i.Dependence on Real-Time Data.
ii.Sensitivity to Weather Conditions.
iii.Potential System Failures.
iv. Limited Adaptability.
• Implementation Disadvantages:
i.Infrastructure Upgrades Required.
ii.Public Acceptance and Education.
iii.Coordination Among Stakeholders.
iv.Potential Disruption During Installation.
• Some of the challenges faced during implementation include:
i.Integration with existing infrastructure.
ii.Ensuring public cooperation.
iii.Managing data privacy concerns.
iv.Addressing potential job losses.

To mitigate these disadvantages, careful planning, coordination, and ongoing evaluation are
necessary.
❖ FUTURE SCOPE
The future scope of a hydraulic footpath traffic-reducing system can be quite
promising, especially in urban areas facing increasing congestion and the need for
sustainable transportation solutions. Such a system would likely involve retractable
or adjustable hydraulic barriers or bollards embedded in the footpath

to control the flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Here are some potential
future developments and applications for this technology:
1. Smart City Integration: Hydraulic footpath traffic-reducing systems can be
integrated into smart city infrastructure. These systems can communicate with
traffic management systems, IoT devices, and other city infrastructure to
dynamically adapt to traffic conditions, special events, or emergencies.
2. Traffic Flow Optimization: Future systems can employ advanced algorithms
and data analytics to optimize traffic flow. They can use real-time data to adjust
barrier positions, reducing congestion in high-traffic areas and improving the
overall efficiency of pedestrian and vehicular movement.
3. Safety Enhancements: Enhancements in safety features will be critical. For
instance, these systems can be equipped with sensors and cameras to detect
pedestrians and vehicles approaching the barriers. They can then adjust or retract
barriers to ensure the safety of all road users.
4. Environmental Considerations: As sustainability becomes more critical,
these systems could integrate with green technologies. They might use solar power
or other renewable energy sources to operate, reducing their environmental
impact.
5. Accessibility: Ensuring that these systems are accessible to people with
disabilities will be a crucial consideration. This may involve designing barrier
systems that accommodate wheelchairs, walkers, and other mobility aids.
6. Integration with Autonomous Vehicles: As autonomous vehicles become
more prevalent, hydraulic footpath systems can integrate with them to enhance
traffic management and pedestrian safety.
7. Emergency Services: The system should be designed to allow quick and
unobstructed access for emergency vehicles. In emergencies, the barriers can
automatically retract to ensure rapid response times.
8. Maintenance and Reliability: Developing robust, low-maintenance systems
will be essential to ensuring their long-term viability. Predictive maintenance using
IoT sensors can help identify issues before they cause disruptions.
9. Regulatory Considerations: Governments and municipalities will need to
create regulations and standards for the deployment and operation of these
systems, addressing issues like liability, privacy, and accessibility.

10. Public Acceptance and Education: Widespread adoption of these systems

may require public acceptance and awareness campaigns. The public needs to
understand how these systems work, their benefits, and how they can access or
interact with them.

❖ CONCLUSION
Traffic congestion has been a worldwide issue which results into wastage of time,
energy and causes environmental pollution. Identification of congestion is the
initial step for selecting appropriate method to avoid this situation. To understand
congestion in simple way it is classified into different categories. There are number
of reasons for the congestion problem. There are numerous potential congestion
administration procedures. The suggested two related measures are for traffic
management are; Regularity measures and Economic measures. Regularity
measures are access management and parking management and pricing policies
are economic measures.
Overall, we can use this mechanism to solve the problems. I am confident that it
can reduce traffic congestion in the future.
 ❖ LITERATURE REVIEW

• Ms. Nida Aafreen Aslam Khan, Ms. Komal Sunil Pise -

International Research Journal of Science and Technology (2020):
Hydraulic Jack System Installed in Footpath for Reducing Traffic in Case
of Emergency.
They discussed about the concept of hydraulic jack system in the
footpath, its uses and applications.

• Dr. Pritesh Prajapati, Pragnesh H Prajapati -A Research

Paper on Traffic Jam at Signal Cross Road
They discussed about the various system used for controlling traffic
congestion and problems it.

• Oleg Vladimirov – Engineering Solutions of Traffic Safety

Problems of Road Transportation (2004): Use of Hydraulic Jacks in
Traffic Systems.

• Some information are collected from Google (Pictures and

other details).