MAPEH ARTS – Grade 9

Quarter 4 - SLeM 1: DIFFERENT WESTERN CLASSICAL PLAYS AND

OPERA HOW TO USE THIS SLeM

Before starting the SLEM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives
of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow all the contents and instructions indicated on every page of this module carefully.
2. Write in your notebook the concepts that you learned. Writing enhances learning
and helps you keep in mind what is important
3. Perform all the activities provided in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/ guardian assess your answers using the answer key.
5. Enjoy studying.

Development Team of the SLeM

Writer/ Writers: Mary Ann A.

Format Evaluator: Bermudez Alvic M.
Language Evaluator: Guiyab
Content Evaluator: Korina
Espadilla
Reviewer: Jasmin J. Petilos

PARTS OF THIS MODULE

● Expectations - These are what you will learn after completing the lessons in the module.
● Pre-test - This will measure what you already know about the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.
● Looking back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and skills you
gained from the previous lesson.
● Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
● Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.
● Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.
● Check your Understanding - It will check what you have learned from the lessons.
● Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.
At the end of the SLeM, students should be able to:

1. Identify the selected theatrical styles from various times of art; A9EL-IVa-1
2. research on the history of the theatrical forms and their evolution; A9EL-IVb-2
3. identify the elements and principles of arts as manifested in western Classical
plays and opera; A9EL-IVc-3 and
4. define what makes selected western classical plays and operas unique
through visual representation. A9PL-IVc-1

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose and write the letter and the
WORD of the correct answer on a sheet of paper.

1. This literally means "place of seeing," but it refers to more than just the
structures in which performances take place.
a. Stage c. Sophocles
b. Playwright d. Theatre
2. The theater of ancient Greece consist of three types of drama which are
the following EXCEPT ONE.
a. Comedy c.
Tragedy
b. Satyr Play d. Opera
3. It was the name given to theater structures.
a. Orchestra c. Theatron
b. Skene d. None of the Above
4. The return of classical Greek and Roman arts and culture marked through this
theater
a. Greek Theater c. Neoclassical Theater
b. Medieval Theater d. Renaissance Theater
5. This theater is characterized by the recent Broadway or commercial plays,
which have been a lot of talk about the usage of technology.
 a. Baroque Theater c. Greek Theater
b. Classical Theater d. Renaissance Theater

The Romantic Era ran from the late 18th century to the middle of the 19th
century. It began as an artistic and philosophical movement centered on revolution
in opposition to established ideals such as social order and religion.

WESTERN CLASSICAL PLAYS AND OPERAS

Western theater arts from several western countries were performed, affecting
much of the Ancient Greek and Roman theater over different periods. It inspired
Philippine theater productions and operas as well. Mythology was the origin of
theater. The terms ritual and ceremony are used interchangeably. Connections
between activities were perceived in early culture conducted by a group of people or
a society's leaders, and these actions. Due to human want and need, people have
moved from habit to custom, ritual, and ceremony, a desire for entertainment The
practice of rehearsing, performing, and creating various actions laid the foundation
for theater.
The word "theatre" literally means "place of seeing," but it refers to more than
just the structures in which performances take place. There is a performance. A
playwright writes the texts, and a director directs the production. The director
rehearses the actors, while the designer and technical staff create props. Actors and
actresses construct the situations, which are then performed on stage. Then it'll just
performanc
be when an audience is present, it becomes a proper theater
e.

Ancient Theater
 700 B.C.C-410 B.C.E
Greek and Roman
Theater

Greek Theater

Ancient Greece was the birthplace of European theater. It all started with
celebrations celebrating the gods circa 700 B.C. their deities, The god Dionysus, god
of wine and fertility, holds a religious celebration known as "The Cult of Dionysus.
"To honor him, he was given the name "Dionysus." Athens is a city-state in Greece
that is at the heart of a considerable cultural, political, and economic region.
Festivals and tournaments were generally held in the presence of military force
during this time period. Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes are three well-
known Greek tragedies playwrights as well as Aeschylus.

The theater of ancient Greece consist of three types of drama Tragedy, Comedy and
the Satyr play
Tragedy came from the Greek words
Tragos - goat
Ode-song

In Greece, tragedy was the most respected type of play. It deals with tragic
events and has an unhappy ending, especially one regarding the downfall of the
main character. Thespis was the first actor to present the use of masks and was
called the “Father of Tragedy”.
Satyr Play is a serious play with humorous elements to lighten the mood. With a
pleasant conclusion The Satyr play was a lively, quick-paced finale after each
tragedy's three-part trio It's an old Greek tragic comedy form.
It includes satyr choruses based on Greek mythology, as well as staged
inebriation, blatant sensuality (including phallic props), trickery, and sight gags.
These Satyrs were characters who were half-man, half-goat. They were terrible,
ridiculous, and frequently inebriated. The Satyrs lusted after everyone on stage and
gave the funniest quips, often at the expense of others.
Ancient Theater Terms

Theatron was the name given to theater structures. The open-air theaters were
vast and spacious structures built on the incline of the hills. They are made up of three
main components. The orchestra, the skene, and the audience are the three main
aspects.
ORCHESTRA -- A big round or elliptical object
The play takes place in a rectangular area in the center of the
theater. There was dancing, religious rites, and acting.
Theatron--a location for viewing on the hill's incline
Skene-the stage
Parados-side entrance

ROMAN THEATER

Ancient Rome's theater dates back to the 3rd century BC. It featured a wide
range of cultural genres, including street theater festivals, acrobatics, the production
of Plautus comedies, and Seneca's high-verbally ornate tragedies.
Greek theaters had a significant influence on Roman theater as well. The
Triumvir Pompey was one of Rome's first permanent (non-wooden) theaters, with a
structure comparable to that of Athens' Theatron.
The structure was part of a multi-use complex that included a vast
quadriporticus (columned quadrangle) located behind the scaenae fron (ornately
ornamented theatrical stage background) and was surrounded by large columned
porticos with a costly garden complex of fountains and sculptures. Along the stretch
of covered arcade, there were chambers dedicated to the exhibition of art and other
works collected by Pompey [Link]
 Chariots were a common motif in Roman theater
performances.
Gladiators, races, and public executions are
all things that come to mind while thinking of
gladiators. The Romans liked a good show. They
adored blood sports and gladiator battles
because they enjoyed combat. The more
believable the brutality, the better.
It thrilled Roman spectators even more. The
Christian, on the other hand, objected to the
plays' barbarous elements and ordered that all
theaters be closed.
Comedy plays were also popular in the Roman theater from time to time. Women
were allowed to appear on the stage between 350 and 250 B.C.

MEDIEVAL THEATER
500 C.E-1400

Theater performances were prohibited throughout

Europe during the Middle Ages. Minstrels performed in
markets, public areas, and festivals to keep the theater
alive, despite the church's disapproval. They performed
as puppeteers, jugglers, storytellers, dancers, singers,
and other theatrical performances as they traveled from
town to town. Minstrels were seen to be harmful and
pagan.
During Easter, churches across Europe began producing their own theater
performances. On Sundays, biblical stories and events are presented. Some plays
were eventually taken out of the church because of their depictions of the devil
and damnation. Mystere d'Adam, or "The Mystery of Adam," is an example of this
type of play. The story centres around Adam and Eve, and it concludes with the devil
kidnapping them and transporting them to hell.
The plays have focused on biblical themes from the Bible for [Link] the beginning
to the end, everything is connected.
RENAISSANCE THEATER
1400-1600

The return of classical Greek and

Roman arts and culture
marked
Renaissance theater arts.
Mystery plays were popular in the Middle Ages. In England and other regions of
Europe, religious festivals were [Link] the time of the Renaissance The role of
morality is important. University theater groups were founded to reenact the events of
Athenian democracy. Like the Commedia dell'arte and the grandiose masques that
were generally performed in court, public theaters arose.
The aristocrats organized the theater companies, and Queen Elizabeth I was one
of the most notable sponsors of the theater. In many regions, it is practiced
seasonally.
William Shakespeare is a well-known actor, writer, and
poet who lived during this time period. He was known as the
"Bard of Avon" and England's national poet. There are
approximately 38 plays in his body of work. Some of these
plays were well-liked: Romeo and Juliet, for example.
Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Midsummer Night's
Dream, and Cleopatra

Ballet was originally performed in public during the

Renaissance period. Ballet is a codified type of dance that
evolved from the courts of the Italian Renaissance. With the
support of Catherine de Medici, Queen of France, it grew and
flourished from Italy to France. Le Paradis d'Amour, a piece
performed during Catherine's daughter's wedding, is an early
example of Catherine's ballet evolution.

Innovation of the Stages

1. The proscenium was invented. This is

a person's personal space. The aperture
of the stage is surrounded with theater
arches frames and divides the audience
from the stage
2. The movie "Back to the Future" popularized the use of backdrops for scenery.
Painting garments is an art form.
3. Commedia dell' arte, or "Professional Comedy," is a type of Italian comedy
created. It was a deft display of wit of the players/characters.

BAROQUE THEATER
The Baroque period's theater is
characterized by the recent Broadway
or commercial plays, there has been a
lot of talk about the usage of
technology. Machines are used by the
theater crew for special effects and
scene changes, which may be done in a
matter of seconds using ropes and
pulleys.
This technology had an impact on
the substance of the plays that were
performed,
best exemplifying the Deus ex Machina (literally "god from the machine") solution in
which the character gods were eventually able to descend from the sky and save the
hero in perilous situations.
As a result, the theater was lavishly furnished,
and Mannerism's several plot twists and a diversity
of settings (a variety of approaches or intellectual
complexity as well as the use of artificial aspects of
the play) were replaced by opera.
The employment of theatrical technologies in the
Baroque period can be seen in the films "Vatel" (2002)
and "Farinelli" (1999), as well as in Claudio
Monteverdi's "Orpheus" stage plays.

Neoclassical Theater
18th – 19th Century

The Neoclassical period was

characterized by a fusion of Roman
and Greek styles. The theater arts
were influenced by society.
The theater was popular
during the Neoclassical period. It is
distinguished by its opulence
costumes
and props. The scenes were extremely detailed. The plays' major goals were to
entertain as well as to teach lessons. To highlight the scenes, the stages were restyled
with dramatic arches. Many plays included multiple points of entry onto the stage.
The mood was elevated through the use of lighting and sound effects. Each scene's
tone and message are enhanced, adding to the dramatic experience. With the
invention of pulley systems that allowed pieces to move more swiftly around the
screen, the idea of shifting scenery and backdrops became more evident.
The notion of decorum (which means "right and proper") In this case, correct
audience behavior) was used. Classical concepts and proper social behavior must be
observed during this time period.
This Period established just two types of plays Tragedy and
Comedy Three playwrights have had a great deal of success.
Pierre Cornielle (1606-1684), known as the "Father of French Tragedy," created plays
for almost four decades. "The Cid" was one of them.
Moliere (1622-1673), also known as Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, was a French comedienne
whose works include Tartuffe and The Missantrophe.
Jean Racine (1639-1699) was a tragicomedy master known for his straightforward
approach to action as well as his linguistic rhythms and effects. One of his scripts
was Andromache and Phaedra.

Trivia
-During this time, the first "spotlight" was employed in the United
States. "Limelight" is the name of the drink.
-In 1843, the Theater Regulation Act made it illegal to drink in legitimate theaters.

Romantic Playwrights
Melodrama and operas became the most popular forms of entertainment during
the Romantic period types of theater. Melodrama is derived from the French term
melodrame, which means "dramatic play. "Taken from the Greek words melos, which
means "music," and drame, which is derived from the Greek word dram, which
means "to perform." Melodrama is also known as Dramatic work that puts characters
in a lot of risk in order to elicit a response from the audience. Opera, on the other
hand, is a type of performance art in which singers and musicians perform a piece of
music. A dramatic production with a text (called a libretto) and a musical composition
that is usually performed in an opera house with an orchestra or a smaller group.

Victor Marie Hugo

>He was a French novelist and poet
>He is regarded as one of France's greatest and most well-known writer
>He was a Romantic movement poet, novelist, and dramatist. Hugo's literary
reputation stems from his poems, novels, as well as his dramatic accomplishments.
His significant works include:
● Les Contemplacion is a collection of poems about contemplation.
● The Legend of the Ages
● Les Misérables is a musical based on the book Les Misérables
● Notre-Dame de Paris, also known as the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, is a Gothic
cathedral in Paris, France Notre-Hunchback. Dame's

Georges Bizet

>This French pianist and opera composer was

best known for his operas
>He wrote the title role for a mezzo-soprano in
the role of Carmen. The opera portrays the
narrative of Don Jose, a naive soldier who was
betrayed by his superiors. Carmen is charmed
by the seductive Gypsy.
>His significant works include:
●La Pretresse Operetta (1854) ●Carmen
●Le docteur Miracle, Opéra bouffe
(1857)
●Don Procopio, Opera Bouffe (1859)
●Les Pêcheurs de perles, Opera
(1863)

Activity: Timeline Completion

Directions: Compile a timeline of the various Western Classical Plays/Operas. Write
down the time period, the date of origin, and a brief description. Use the
example as a guide.

WESTERN CLASSICAL PLAYS/OPERA

--Ancient Theater (Greek and roman)700 B.C.E-410 B.C.E.
---Greek Theater-A period wherein tragedy is admitted the most among other genre.
They perform plays to honor their gods
-----Roman Theater-It had varied and interesting art forms such as festival
performances of Plautus and the high-verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca.
-
-
-
-
-

Myth, ritual, and ceremonial were the origins of theater. Due to human desire
and need for entertainment, early society saw linkages between activities performed
by groups of people or leaders to a certain society, and these actions went from
habit to custom, ritual, and ceremony.

Let us now check how well you understood our lesson. Answer the following questions.

1. Who are some of the most well-known Western Classical composers and
playwrights? What are some of their most well-known works?
2. What are the different periods? How will you describe each?

A. Matching type
Directions. Match column A with column B. Determine the playwright (in Column B) of
each play/opera given in column A. Write the letter of the correct answer
on a sheet of paper.
1. Carmen a. Aristophanes
2. Les Miserables b. Hugo
3. Lysistrata c. Euripedes
4. Cyclops d. Bizet
[Link] and Phaedra e. Racine

B. Identify the following

Tragedy is derived from two Greek terms.

6. Tragos means and

7. Ode means .

8-10 Name the parts of Greek theater

(Theatron) 8.
9.
10.

References

Badiola, Mary Grace J; Vecino, Mary Ann C; Duyan, Danilo S; Bongcawil, Althea
Mae B; Mendoza, Jenny C; Bustillo, Gail Josephine P; Pambuan Ace Sauden B;
Siobal, Lourdes
R. (2014). A Journey through Western Music & Arts 9. Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).
Supe, Antonette D. (2021). Western Classical Plays and Opera. Batasan Hills National
High School