Quantitative Reasoning
Quantitative Reasoning
2023 ENTRY
MASTER THE
UCAT
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2000+ Practice Questions
100+ Comprehensive Lessons
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DR KUNAL DASANI
DR MOHIL SHAH
DR SHWETA MADHU
DR JOHN ADAM
ARUSHI RAMANI
Copyright © 2022 by Mohil Shah
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First edition
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I Introduction
II
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3 Preparing for the UCAT
4 How to Use This Book
10 Passage Adjustments 53
11 Correlation and Causation 56
IV Decision Making
18 Introduction 89
19 Logical Puzzles I: An Introduction 92
20 Logical Puzzles II: Mathematical Puzzles 107
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21 Logical Puzzles III: Spatial Equations 112
22 Logical Puzzles IV: Visual Puzzles 121
23 Logical Puzzles V: Cross Hatch vs. Fill In 132
24 Logical Puzzles VI: Ordered Questions 142
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25 Logical Puzzles VII: Conditional Scenarios
26 Syllogisms I: Introduction
27 Syllogisms II: Venn Diagram Approach
28 Syllogisms III: Shorthand Approach
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156
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29 Interpreting Information I: Fictional Text 171
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30 Interpreting Information II: Non-Fiction Text 177
31 Interpreting Information III: Tables 181
32 Interpreting Information IV: Graphs 187
33 Recognising Assumptions 195
34 Venn Diagrams I: Introduction 202
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V Quantitative Reasoning
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45 Introduction 285
46 Estimation vs. Precision 288
47 Interpreting Question Stems 296
48 Units in the UCAT 303
49 Percentages
50 Proportion
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Mean, Median and Mode
52 Ratios I
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319
321
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53 Ratios II 334
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54 Resources in the Quantitative Reasoning Section 341
55 Interest Questions 348
56 Tax Questions 354
57 Geometry I 360
58 Geometry II 366
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VI Abstract Reasoning
63 Introduction 393
64 SPONCS 396
65 Triggers 407
66 Finding the Pattern 417
67 Distractors 430
68 Shape Patterns 440
69 Position Patterns 449
70 Orientation Patterns 457
71 Number Patterns 465
72 Colour Patterns 475
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73 Size Patterns 485
74 Dependent Patterns 494
75 Type 2 Questions 505
76 Type 3 Questions 515
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77 Type 4 Questions
78 AR Timing Strategies
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CO-WRITTEN BY DR KUNAL DASANI WHO SCORED 900
MASTER THE
UCAT
100+ comprehensive lessons
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Quantitative Reasoning
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Welcome to the Quantitative Reasoning chapter. This
is the third section of the University Clinical Aptitude
Test, and will test your ability to perform simple
mathematics under time pressure. The operative word
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here is simple, as the maths concepts tested will not
surpass GCSE level. It is very important to remember
that students of all educational backgrounds in this
section can excel - the maths is not highly complex so
focusing on the basics will take you a long way.
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Introduction
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Quantitative Reasoning in Clinical Practice
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
• 24 minutes overall
• 36 questions
• 40 seconds per question
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You have a calculator on-screen and a whiteboard to make
simple notes on. There are no specific question types, rather
discrete topics are tested, all of which are covered in this book.
The questions can vary from moderately difficult algebra to very
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simple arithmetic, but often the difficulty lies in complicated
question stems full of distractors and tricks.
the UCAT only scores you for getting the right answer. Most
questions lend themselves to estimation, eyeballing, or mental
maths. Others are far too long to really do in 40 seconds. Here,
applicants are actually being examined on their ability to time-
keep; students must prioritize other questions and come back
to the tricky ones later. This chapter covers the various topics
into which UCAT QR questions are divided, alongside a plethora
of practice questions and trade secrets to help you ace the UCAT.
Above all, the UCAT tests some of the most important abilities a
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INTRODUCTION
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This section will cover the benefits of estimating versus using
exact values to work precisely. It will also discuss when it is best
to use both depending on the scenario.
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Warm-up question
In their purchase, how much did the football club pay per
football?
1. £2.16
2. £4.76
3. £5.96
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ESTIMATION VS. PRECISION
4. £6.16
5. £9.26
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However, you can save a lot of time by tossing the calculator and
rounding £580.72 up (to £600) and 122 down (to 120). Dividing
these two values is significantly easier and can be done mentally.
An estimate should bring you close to £5.00 and £4.76, or B,
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is the closest to this value. Whilst estimation may only save a
few seconds, this will add up to buy you precious time as you
navigate trickier questions or longer stems.
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What is the benefit of estimating?
1. You can use rounded figures that are easier to work with
2. It allows for time-efficient mental maths
3. Occasionally, questions can be answered solely by inspec-
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
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2. You avoid minute mistakes due to the inaccuracy of your
estimated answers, especially when the options are only
decimal points apart
Estimate when:
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When should you estimate?
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CO-WRITTEN BY DR KUNAL DASANI WHO SCORED 900
MASTER THE
UCAT
100+ comprehensive lessons
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The question asks for the ‘exact answer’ or for specificity down
to numerous decimal points.
Eyeballing Graphs
It is rare in the UCAT that you need to be too precise with graphs,
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often you can get away with simply eyeballing. A really good
example of this is below.
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
Eyeballing Graphs 2
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SLIDE 38 keynote QR 10-12 question beginning ‘what is the
difference between…’
Notice that the answer options are well spaced here, particularly
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given that the y axis is on a scale of 200s! Here, begin by
estimating the total number in each country. If we draw a line
across the ‘totals’ it would be about 1000; don’t worry if you
make the average out to be slightly different, that’s fine and
you’ll see why soon! The total of all other robots have an average
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of approximately 150. From this, we can simply subtract 150 to
get a difference of 850.
It wouldn’t matter what the exact values are, however, as all
the other options are clearly way too high! Ultimately, the most
important takeaway here is the time saved in favor of estimation
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Bringing it together
Some questions are simply too much work to achieve in the time
given. There is a knack to recognising these questions, and this
time-keeping ability is exactly what is being tested here. Here’s
an example:
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ESTIMATION VS. PRECISION
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between Russian and English. You want that value to be small.
To get it, your calculation will be the difference in overall
letters multiplied by the average % completion. Because this is
multiplication and you want your answer to be small, both of
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these values should be small. Then, you can follow these steps.
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
If you’re not sure about your answer, you can do a quick “sense
check” to just make sure it’s feasible. Re-read the question and
ask yourself, “does this answer make sense?”. However, save
this for your checking time at the end of the paper and not after
every question.
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Let’s do an example using the Russian classics from the last
question.
If you are estimating, you should check whether the final answer
is an underestimate or an overestimate.
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ESTIMATION VS. PRECISION
Take-home points
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2. Precision. Be precise when there are relevant keywords, or
the answer options are close together.
3. Estimation. Estimate when there are relevant keywords,
or the answer options are further apart.
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4. Elimination. Estimate to eliminate options, then be precise
to save time.
5. Over/underestimates. Work out which way you’ve gone
before selecting an answer; this will also help you narrow
down your options.
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6. Checking answers. If you have time and you’re not sure,
you can always check!
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In Quantitative Reasoning, you will often be presented with large
amounts of information, whether it is graphical, tabular, or text.
We will now explore how to most accurately extract relevant
information from the question stem.
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In particular, we will cover:
With Verbal Reasoning we saw that it was best to not read all
of the information, but instead to skip straight to the passage.
With Quantitative Reasoning, the approach more so depends on
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INTERPRETING QUESTION STEMS
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and find the relevant data when searching for the answer.
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SLIDE 134 on QR 1-4 question starting with ‘How many whole
servings of cornflakes’
We can see that ‘Special K’ has 6.9g of protein per serving while
‘Corn Flakes’ has 0.9g. So, we can do a simple calculation of
6.9 divided by 0.9 to give us 7.66, so the number of portions to
match would be 8. Of course, it goes without saying that if 7 was
an option you would need to round up because 7 portions would
not give you the same amount of protein. This is a good place to
remember the importance of a quick sense check!
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
Expert's Advice!
The UCAT loves to include large, data-heavy tables to
throw students off. Remember to thoroughly scan the
question for the relevant variables before
interpreting the tabular data. This will ensure you
avoid any distractors whilst also saving time!
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Reading the Stem
We see that there are 8 striped pairs of socks, and all but 2 are
in the drawer. This gives 6 pairs out of 60 total or 1 in 10.
Pie Charts
When dealing with pie charts, it’s usually worth reading the stem
and understanding the breakdown of the chart before tackling
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INTERPRETING QUESTION STEMS
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Common Trap!
It can be very easy to get mixed up in the UCAT
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Simple Arithmetic
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mental maths and the calculator.
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You can often skim the question stem if it’s just setting the
scene for the question. However, bullet points are always very
important to read. These often contain information that is key
to answering the question, so should always be reviewed before
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starting.
Firstly, always read those bullet points! John is going for the
second time on a Tuesday when there’s a 10% discount on all
prices. You also need the bullet points to find out that Lucy needs
a children’s ticket and John needs an adult one.
The cost for Monday is an adult ticket priced at £12 and a child
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INTERPRETING QUESTION STEMS
ticket priced at £6, bringing the total cost to £18. This easy
summation can be done using mental maths.
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and not wasting time deciding whether to use the calculator or
mental maths.
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
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You may think that this trick is difficult to spot under timed
conditions. However, if you simply remember that tricks like
these exist, you can do a quick scan for them before selecting an
answer. Additionally, tricks like this often repeat themselves
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over several years. Therefore, doing plenty of practice can help
you spot them by pattern recognition.
Take-home points
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1. Reading tables. Always read the headers to ascertain the
correct variables.
2. Stems. Scan the stems, if possible. Often they are just
distractors. This is especially true if they are long-winded.
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48
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Units are often used to try and muddle you up in the UCAT and
waste time. They are actually rarely difficult conversions, so
scores can easily be improved with lots of practice and a solid
system.
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Variations in units
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
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Looking at this question, we have a complex conversion between
Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Expert's Advice
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Write down equations like this on the whiteboard to
help you quickly refer to them and rearrange where
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necessary.
Common pitfall
You may have thought about saving time by converting
values at the end here. Whenever you see a plus,
minus, or power in a conversion you cannot convert at
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UNITS IN THE UCAT
the end.
Converting quickly
It helps to think about how you are going to convert units on
exam day to save yourself some time. Here is a tried-and-tested
technique to save time when converting between units:
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1. Form a table with 1 on the left, and the conversion on the
right as in the table below. INSERT TABLE FROM SLIDE
18 keynote QR 17-19 TABLE ONLY PLEASE
2. With a table like this, it is always the case that if you convert
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from a unit on the left to the right, you multiply by the value
on the right. For example, using this table, we can convert
3.4 miles to kilometers we can multiply 3.4 by 1.61 to give
5.47km.
3. If you are converting from the right to the left, you must
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divide by the value on the right. For example, to convert
4.7cm into inches you can divide 4.7 by 2.54 to give 1.85
inches.
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Timing tip
Some questions will require you to set up a table
like this for simplicity, and it will save you a lot
of time and confusion to do so.
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
toubs…’
Questions like this are all too common; using made-up words
can often serve as a distractor as the human brain cannot
comprehend what it doesn’t yet know. Aside from ignoring
these words, let’s remember to save ourselves some time by
forming some algebraic explanations.
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1. f = 12m
2. r = 9t
3. g = 4r
4. f = 5g
5. b = 2.5f
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Expert's Advice
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When noting down on the whiteboard, use shorthand
rather than transcribing whole words from the
question. This is quicker and avoids confusion around
the often strange words used in this sort of question.
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UNITS IN THE UCAT
1. f = 12m AND f = 5g
2. Therefore, 12m = 5g
3. g = 4r, so 12m = 20r
4. r = 9t, so 12m = 180t
5. Finally, we see that m = 15t
Expert's Advice
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Remember not to panic, write your thinking down on
the whiteboard and go step-to-step.
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Common pitfall
If the currencies start with the same letter, use the
first 2 for your algebra. For instance, if we had
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frump and fod in the last question we could have Fr
and Fo.
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UCAT GUIDE FINAL V1.0
Common conversions
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The final thing to remember is common conversions. Remem-
bering some or all of the table below can help in questions with
common conversions. In reality, remembering the whole table
is not necessary but the most common conversions can be really
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useful to have ready.
Take-home points
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1. Variations. Be aware of the 3 ways in which the UCAT
commonly varies units.
2. Converting quickly. Form a table with 1 on the left, and
the conversion on the right. If you are converting right to
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CO-WRITTEN BY DR KUNAL DASANI WHO SCORED 900
MASTER THE
UCAT
100+ comprehensive lessons
pl
e