International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (2.

1) (2018) 1-5

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET

Research Paper

RFID based automatic tollgate collection

Sushma Chowdary Polavarapu 1 *, Umamaheswari Kunduru 1, Sri Hari Nallamala 2
1Assistant Professors, Dept. of EIE, V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, Krishna Dist., A.P
2 Research Scholar, Dept. of CSE, KLEF (Deemed to be University), Vaddeswaram, Guntur & Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CSE, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchikacherla, Krishna Dist.
*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Automation within the transport system proved to be a remarkable investment inside the improvement of smart cities. ETC “Electronic
Toll Collection” pursuits to cast off the holdup at toll gates by way of amassing toll fee electronically. Using this era we can reduce the
congestion in tollbooths, in particular all through festive seasons while traffic has a tendency to be heavier than ordinary. The principle
aim of this paper is to develop a conversation gadget to automate the vehicle access, go out toll series the usage of RF-Identification
technology. Statistics can be without problems exchanged among the vehicle owners and toll management, thereby facilitating an extra
effective toll collection by using decreasing traffic problems and abolishing feasible person made mistakes. Aurdino MEGA2560 micro-
controller acts as the heart of the device. When any automobile passes thru the Toll Gate, the RFID tag, that's connected to the vehicle,
receives scanned and an interrupt sign is dispatched to Aurdino from the RFID module. The microcontroller sends a signal to motor driv-
er, GSM module and LED. On receiving the signal from Aurdino, LED turns from red to green because of this that the vehicle can pass
thru the toll gate and the motor gets into movement via lifting the gate.

Keywords: Arduino Microcontroller; Electronic Toll Collection (ETC); Global System for Mobile (GSM); Light Emitting Diode (LED); Radio-Frequency
Identification (RF-ID).

1. Introduction
ETC “Electronic toll collection” objectives to abolish the holdup
on the toll roads by accumulating toll fee electronically. The ETC
find outs whether passing automobiles or not passing and are en-
rolled in the software, alerts the enforcers for those that aren't, and
auto debits the debts of registered vehicle like car owners without
requiring them to prevent. Commonly automation in embedded
systems performs primary position in various packages. The pri-
mary feature is to make the device compatible with all gadgets
that may be linked to digital conversation networks. Automation
reduces human attempt and saves lot of time. This task is based
totally on Automation in Tollgates which especially makes use of
GSM to transmit the repute of the user approximately his account Fig. 1: Traffic Accumulation Due to Delay in Billing.
info thru message. Also updates the transaction information with
the server using internet and making bills much faster, simpler and • Getting records swiftly from the automobile.
at ease. • By avoiding manual operator at the Toll booth.
In present situations the toll gate billing is made by way of the • Rapid Cash transactions through online.
consumer with the help of manual billing or computerized billing The above process all together called as Computerized or Auto-
by way of getting into vehicle range, vehicle registration range, matic Billing System for Toll Gates [1]. Norway was the worlds
kind of automobile etc. predate inside the tremendous implementation about technology
Because of this there are following risks: and many others become first delivered in Bergen, in 1986, func-
• Time taking process to enter data and giving token printing tioning collectively with conventional tollbooths. In 1991, Trond-
and cash. heim was introduced the sector's first use of absolutely unaided
• Manipulation feasible at toll gate through the operator. complete-pace digital tolling. In Norway, they have 25 toll roads
• Tough to stop the fast transferring motors on the tollgate. running with automatic Electronic Charge Collection (EFC). Por-
• Extra manpower is wanted at toll gate. tugal became as the first country to apply a common, popular sys-
The following Fig.1 shows Traffic accumulation due to delay in tem to all tolls inside the country in 1995. Also the Via Verde,
billing process. which could utilized in parking masses and gas stations. America
The risks that are present in the current existing toll gates can be is every other us of a with massive use of and so on in several
overcome as follows:
Copyright © 2018 Sushma Chowdary Polavarapu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Li-
cense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 2 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

states, although many U.S. toll roads hold the manual series as
choice.
Objectives of the paper
• To keep away from Time put off in toll collection.
• To keep away from manipulations by means of tollbooth
operator.
• To limit man power wanted for operating the toll gates.

2. Implementation
Automatic Billing System for Toll gates can be carried out in three
steps with 3 modules.
• Identification Module
• Controlling Module
• Banking Module

1.1. Implementation process

Automatic Billing System for Toll gate systems depend upon 4

major additives: Fig. 2: Automatic Toll Gate Billing System’s Block Diagram.
i) AVI (Automated Vehicle Identification)
ii) AVC (Automated Vehicle Classification) On receiving the signal from Aurdino, LED turns from red to
iii) TP (Transaction Processing) green which means that the vehicle can pass via the toll gate and
iv) VE (Violation Enforcement) the motor gets into movement by lifting the gate. The amount that
i) AVI is deducted from our account for passing thru the toll gate is sent
This is the system of figuring out the identification of an automo- as a message (SMS) to the respective registered mobile number.
bile challenge to management of tolls. Most of the toll people The vehicle number and the balance in the account are displayed
facilities file the journey of cars thru a constrained variety of toll on LCD monitor.
gates. Here, the challenge is discovering of vehicles within that
gate region. 1.3. RFID
ii) AVC
It was nearly matched to AVI. Major toll facilities fee specific rate Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses an item usually called
of charges for extraordinary forms of motors, making it necessary an RFID tag carried out to or integrated right into a product, ani-
to differentiate passing motors. mal, man or woman for the point of identity and monitoring the
iii) TP usage of radio waves. These tags can be read from numerous me-
This dealing has maintaining of consumer accounts, posting of toll ters away and outside the line of sight of the reader [3].
transactions and client bills to the bills, and coping with consumer Advantages of RFID
inquiries. This issue of some systems is referred to as a "customer • RFID machine is non touch, non line of sight nature of the
service center". This feature resembles banking, and several toll generation.
companies have contracted out the transaction processing to a • Tags might read thru a selection of substances which in-
financial institution like bank in many respects. clude fog, snow, paint, crusted dirt, ice, and different envi-
iv) VE ronmentally and visually challenging situations.
VE System is useful in lowering unpaid tolls, because as an un- • RFID tags also could read in difficult situations at first-rate
manned toll gate gives a tempting target for toll evasion. Numer- speeds. In most cases responding is in less than 100ms.
ous techniques could used to discourage toll violators. • Read/Write capability of an energetic RFID device is a large
advantage in interactive packages such as painting in system
1.2. Block diagram or preservation tracking.
• The high cease advantage of RFID is that it affords exces-
Fig.2 shows the automatic toll gate billing system block diagram. sive security.
Aurdino MEGA2560 microcontroller acts as the heart of the sys- Major RFID tags comprise at least 2 parts. As first part is an IC
tem. When any vehicle passes thru the Toll gate, the RFID tag, for storage and processing of records, modulating & demodulating
that’s connected to the vehicle, gets scanned and an interrupt sig- a radio-frequency (RF) sign, and different dedicated features. The
nal is sent to Aurdino from RFID module [2]. The microcontroller second part is an antenna for receiving & transmitting the sign.
sends a signal to three devices Motor driver, GSM and LED. Now days, RFID is used in enterprise supply chain management to
enhance the performance of inventory tracking and management.
RFID tags are intellectual bar codes that may natter to a net-
worked gadget to tune each product. An RFID tag is a microchip
which is combined with an antenna in a compact package; the
wrapping is established to permit the RFID tag to be connected to
an object to be tracked. The tag's antenna alternatives up signals
from an RFID reader or scanner and then returns the sign, com-
monly with more extra data (like a completely distinctive serial
quantity or different personalized statistics) [4]. A fundamental
RFID Tag has been shown in Fig.3.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology 3

cially the current is being amplified keeping the voltage level con-
stant as a consequence growing the output power [7]. Table.1
shows the specs.

Table 1:

Fig. 3: Basic RFID Tag.

RFID reader is a tool which is used to grill an RFID tag. This

reader has an antenna that releases radio waves and the tag reacts 1.6. Wi-Fi module ESP8266
through transfer again its statistics. A no. of things can have an
effect on the gap at which a tag may be examined the read range. ESP8266 offers a full and self-contained wi-fi networking solu-
The frequency used for identity, the antenna advantage, the direc- tion, permitting it to either host the software or to dump all wire-
tion and divergence of the reader antenna and the transponder less networking capabilities from every other utility processor.
antenna, in addition to the location of the tag at the item to be While ESP8266 is the simplest utility processor in the device, it
identified will all have an effect at the RFID system’s examine may boot up immediately from an external flash. It has included
range [5]. cache to enhance the overall performance of the machine in such
Reader has 3 most important functions which are energizing, de- applications, and to limit the memory needs. Alternately, serving
modulating and decoding. Similarly, readers may be fitted with an as a wireless adapter, wireless net get right of entry to can be in-
extra interface that exchanges the radio waves back from the RFID troduced to any microcontroller-primarily based layout with easy
tag right into a form which can be exceeded on to some other ma- connectivity via UART interface or the CPU AHB bridge inter-
chine, like a computer device or any programmable common sense face [8].
controller.

1.4. Aurdino MEGA2560

.
Fig. 4: Aurdino Mega2560.
1.7. Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Fig.4 shows the layout of Aurdino MEGA2560. The Aurdino
Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board which is based on the AT- The LCD’s are used appreciably in watches, calculators and
mega2560. It has 54 digital I/O pins (of which14 can be used as measuring units for show. They may be simple seven-section
PWM outputs) 16 analog i/p’s, 4 UARTs (h/w serial ports), a 16 shows.
MHz crystal oscillator, a power jack, a USB connection, an ICSP
header, and a reset button [6].

1.5. ULN 2003 motor driver

The ULN2003 is constructed from high voltage, high-modern

Darlington drivers with seven NPN Darlington pairs. The ULN
motive force is used to switch information. On this driver espe- Fig. 5: Pin Diagram of LCD.
4 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Fig.5 shows the pin configuration. Vcc and Vss are supply pins. • Deployment
VEE (Pin no.3) is used for controlling LCD contrast. RS pin
which is Pin No.4 for selecting the register, inside the LCD there
are 2 very vital registers are there.
The Working of RS pin for their selection as follows. If RS=0, the
instruction command code register is chosen, permitting the user
to launch information to be present at the LCD.
R/W is Pin, which lets the consumer to note down statistics to the
LCD or interpret data from it. R/W=1 is reading R/W=0 is writing.
The LCD to handle information presented to its data pins uses the
enable (E) pin. The 8-bit data pins, D0 to D7, are used to mail
information to the LCD or interpret the contents of the LCD’s
inner registers. To show letters and numbers, we ought to ship
ASCII codes for the letters A-Z, and number 0 -9 to these pins at
the same time as making RS=1 [9].

1.8. Interfacing LCD to the aurdino

Fig.6 represents the LCD and Aurdino Interfacing.

Fig. 7: LAMP Software Bundle, Displayed hear Together with Squid.

• MySQL Workbench
It was developed by MySQL AB. This is the reliable incorporated
surroundings for MySQL. It permits clients to administer MySQL
databases as graphically & design database systems as visually.
This can substitute the previous software packages. MySQL was
using as front end, MySQL Workbench lets users manage data-
base design and also modeling, SQL development [11].
• Database Workbench
To develop and administrate multiple relational databases using
SQL, with inter-operationality between diverse database systems,
we need to use a software application developed by Upscene Pro-
ductions called as Database Workbench .
Since Databases Workbench supports more than one database
systems, it could offer s/w developers with the same interface and
development environment for these.
• Navicat
This software is used for a cycle of graphical database manage-
Fig. 6: LCD and Aurdino Interfacing. ment and development, which was developed by Premium Soft
Cyber Tech Ltd for Oracle, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL
1.9. Required S/W packages SQLite, and Microsoft SQL Server. It has an Explorer-like graph-
ical person interface and helps a couple of database connections
for nearby and remote databases. Navicat’s design motto is to
• MySQL
satisfy the wishes of a selection of audience, from database direc-
It is an open-source RDBMS (Relational Database Management
tors & programmers to diverse business (es) that serve customers
System). "SQL" means Structured Query Language. MySQL was
and share data with companions.
sponsored by the Swedish company MySQLAB who was sole
owner. And now it has possessed by Oracle Corporation. Many • phpMyAdmin
paid editions are exist for proprietary use, and present additional This free & open source tool written in PHP intended to knob
functionalities. It is a central component of the LAMP which is a MySQL running by using a web browser. It could execute several
web application software stack as open-source. LAMP is an ellip- tasks like creating, deleting or modifying databases, rows or fields,
sis for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/ PHP/ Python" [10]. tables; working of SQL statements; or management of users and
permissions. This can import information from SQL and CSV, and
• Features
exports stored information into any other formats by using a set of
This MySQL is offered in 2 different editions: First one is MySQL
pre-defined functions, like exhibiting images and/or download
Community Server which is open source and the Second one is
links of BLOB-data.
proprietary Enterprise Server. MySQL Enterprise Server is differ-
entiated by a chain of proprietary extensions which install as serv- • SQLBuddy
er plug-ins, but otherwise allocates the version numbering system This web-based application which is also as open-source written
and is built from the same code base. in PHP only proposed to manage the MySQL and SQLite admin-
istrations with the usage of a Web browser.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology 5

3. Results [4] H. Vogt, F.Mattern and M.Naghsines, Efficient Object identification

with passive RFID tags International Conference on Pervasive
Computing. Volume 2414 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science,
pages 98-113, Zurich, August 2002.
[5] Yoon, W.J.; Chung, S.H.; Lee, S.J, "Implementation and perfor-
mance evaluation of an active RFID system for fast tag collection,"
Computer Communications, 2008. Paper ID: SUB151132 499 In-
ternational Journal of Science and Research.
[6] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardMega.
[7] H. Cho, O. -K. Kwon, "A local dimming algorithm for low power
LCD TVs using edge-type LED backlight", IEEE Transactions-
Consum. vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 2054-5060, Nov. 2010.
[8] C.Peersman, S.Cvetkovic, P.Griffiths, "The Global System for Mo-
bile Communications Message Service", Personal Communications,
vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 15-23, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1109/98.847919.
[9] R. Valentine, "Motor Control Electronics Handbook", Mc-Graw
Hill Handbook, 1998.
[10] Spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/-programming-languages.
[11] Great Linux. MySQL5.1
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/replication.html. 2005.

Fig. 8: A Car Entering Into the Toll Gate.

Fig. 9: Car Number and Account Balance Display.

4. Conclusion
• Increases consumer ease and protection with nonstop pay-
ment.
• Get better traffic float.
• Diminish client trip time.
• Shrinks traffic congestion.
• Decreases fuel use of client’s vehicle.
• Shrinks emissions that are a major purpose of pollutants.
• Wanting of new roads was reduced.
• Diminish running prices for toll management.
• Presents demonstrated consistency and remarkable correct-
ness.
• The banking module can be applied with advanced soft-
ware’s like Oracle, visual basic in order that it may be
greater best in future implementations. The banking module
can be applied dynamically so that the toll bill can be nu-
merous at each and each toll gate.

References
[1] “Now Road toll can be paid without stopping at Toll Plazas”, The
Time’s of India paper April 20, 2012.
[2] Inte Rachis Kalantri, Anand Parekar, Akshay Mohite, Rohan
Kankapurkar “RFID Based Toll Collection System”, Vol. 5 (2) ,
2014, (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and In-
formation Technologies2014.
[3] Klaus Fickler, John Wiley & Sons “Radio-Frequency Identification
Fundamentals and Applications”, RFID Handbook: 2000.