Department of Mathematics

22MA11A
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Calculus & Numerical Methods

UNIT-II

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

TUTORIAL SHEET - 1

1. If (-1, -√3) are Cartesian coordinates of a point in plane, the

corresponding polar coordinates are __________
Ans: (2, 4π/3)

2. If (√2, 5π/4) are the polar coordinates of a point in plane, the

corresponding Cartesian Coordinates are _________
Ans: (-1, -1)

3. The circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 = 0 in polar form is ___________

Ans: (𝑟 = 2𝑎 cos(𝜃))

4. The polar equation 𝜃 − 𝑘 = 0, geometrically represents ________

Ans: (straight lines)

5. If two polar curves C1 and C2 are orthogonal, then value of

cot(𝜑1 ) cot(𝜑2 ) = _____ Ans: -1

6. Find the angle of intersection between the polar curves

𝑘𝜃 𝑘
𝑟 = 1+𝜃 and 𝑟 = 1+𝜃2 Ans: tan-1 (3)

7. Show that the angle made by the tangent and the normal at any
point 𝑃(𝑟, 𝜃) on the curve Lemniscate 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 cos(2𝜃) with the
initial line is ‘3θ’.

First Semester 1
 Department of Mathematics
22MA11A
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Calculus & Numerical Methods

8. Show that the tangents to the cardioid 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) at θ = π/3

and θ = 2π/3 are respectively parallel and perpendicular to the
initial line.

9. Show that the circle 𝑟 = 𝑏 intersects the curve

𝑎2
𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 cos(2𝜃) + 𝑏2 , at an angle given by 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 2 )
𝑏

10. Find the angle of intersection between the curves 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
and 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃): Ans: π/2

First Semester 2
 Department of Mathematics
22MA11A
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Calculus & Numerical Methods

TUTORIAL SHEET - 2

1. The curvature of a circle 𝑠 = 𝑎𝜓 at any point is ________

Ans:(κ = 1/a)

2. The radius of curvature for straight line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 is ______

Ans: (𝜌 = ∞, not defined)

3. The curvature of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 at the point where it crosses the

1
y-axis is ______ Ans: (𝜅 = 23/2 )

4. The Taylor series expansion of log(𝑥) about 𝑥 = 1 up to second

degree term is ______
(𝑥−1)2
Ans: log(𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − 1) − +−⋯∞
2

5. The Maclaurin series expansion of cos(𝑥) is __________

𝑥2 𝑥4
Ans: cos(𝑥 ) = 1 − + − ⋯∞
2! 4!

6. Show that the radius of curvature of the Folium 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 3𝑎𝑥𝑦

3𝑎
at the point (3a/2, 3a/2) is given by − 8√2 .

4𝑎 2(2𝑎−𝑥)
7. Find the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦 2 = where the
𝑥
curve meets the x-axis.
2
𝑎𝑥 2𝜌 3 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
8. For the curve 𝑦 = , show that ( ) = (𝑦 ) + (𝑥 )
𝑎+𝑥 𝑎

9. Find the radius of curvature of the 𝑥 = 𝑎 log(sec 𝑡 + tan 𝑡),

𝑦 = 𝑎 sec 𝑡. Ans: 𝜌 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡

𝑡
10. Show that the curvature of the tractrix 𝑥 = 𝑎[cos 𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛( )],
2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 at any point is given by 𝜅 =
𝑎

First Semester 3
 Department of Mathematics
22MA11A
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Calculus & Numerical Methods

11. Find the coordinates of the centre of curvature at (at 2, 2at) on the
parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥.
Ans: ((𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅) = ((2 + 3𝑡)𝑎𝑡 2 , −4√2𝑎𝑡 3/2 )

12. Find the circle of curvature at the point (a/4, a/4) for the curve
√𝑥 + √𝑦 = √𝑎 .
3𝑎 3𝑎 𝑎2
Ans: (𝑥 − ) + (𝑦 + )=
4 4 2

13. Find the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑟 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜃)

𝑎 𝑛 𝑟 1−𝑛
Ans: 𝑛+1

14. Show that the radius of curvature at any point (𝑟, 𝜃) on the
Cardiod 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃 ) varies as √𝑟
2𝑎
15. Find the radius of curvature for the parabola 𝑟
= 1 − cos 𝜃 at any

point (𝑟, 𝜃)
𝑟3
Ans: 2√ 𝑎

First Semester 4
 Department of Mathematics
22MA11A
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Calculus & Numerical Methods

TUTORIAL SHEET -3

1. Match the following:

i) The angle between radius a) 𝜌 ∝ 𝑦2

vector and tangent for the
polar curve at any point
𝑃(𝑟, 𝜃) is
ii) The angle between radius b) 1
𝜌∝
vector and tangent for the 𝑦2
Cartesian curve at any point
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) is
iii) The radius of curvature at c) 1 𝑑𝑟
cot(𝜙) = .
any point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) on the 𝑟 𝑑𝜃
catenary d) 𝑑𝑟
𝑥 tan(𝜙) = 𝑟.
𝑦 = 𝑐. 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ ( 𝑐 ) is 𝑑𝜃
e) 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦
tan(𝜙) =
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦′
h) 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦
tan(𝜙) =
𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦′

Ans: (i) - (c) (ii) – (e) (iii) – (a)

2. Find the Taylor series expansion of the function 𝑦 = log (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)

about the point 𝑥 = 𝜋/3.
2 𝜋 2 𝜋 3
Ans: log(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔2 − √3 (𝑥 − 𝜋3) − 2 (𝑥 − 𝜋3) −
4
√3
(𝑥 − ) −
3
10
√3
(𝑥 − ) − ⋯
3

3. Obtain the expansion of the function 𝑒 sin(𝑥) in ascending powers

of ‘x’ up to terms containing ‘x4’
𝑥2 𝑥4
Ans: 𝑒 sin(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 + − …
2 8

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 Department of Mathematics
22MA11A
Fundamentals of Linear Algebra, Calculus & Numerical Methods

4. Obtain the Maclaurin series expansion for the function 𝑓(𝑥) =

1 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) and hence deduce that 𝜋 = 4 [1 − + − + ⋯ ]
3 5
−1 ( 𝑥3 𝑥5
Ans: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ) = [𝑥 − + − ⋯]
3 5

5. Using Maclaurin’s series, prove that

𝑥2 𝑥3
√1 + sin(2𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 − − + ⋯
2 6

𝑥 𝑥2 7𝑥 4
6. Show that (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) = 1 + 6
+ 360 + ⋯

First Semester 6