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by:
H O M E R
PREPPARED BY: GROUP 3
Outline
• The Odyssey-Introduction
• The Odyssey-Summary
• The Odyssey-Characters
• The Odyssey-Plot
• The Odyssey-Settings
• The Odyssey-Themes
• The Odyssey-Lessons
Introductory Video
SummaryVideo
The Odyssey-Characters
The Odyssey-Characters
Achaens Achilles
General term used by Homer to refer to
Greeks Son of Peleus and Thetis. He is the heroic
leader of the Myrmidons in the Trojan War
and slain by Paris. Odysseus consult him in
the Underworld
The Odyssey-Characters
Aethon Agamemnon
Son of Atreus and Aerope: brother of
One of Odysseus’ aliases used in his Menelaus; Husband of Clytemnestra. He
conversation with Penelope commands the Greek forces in the Trojan
war. He is killed by his wife and her lover
when he returns home; his son, Orestes,
avenges this murder
The Odyssey-Characters
Aphrodite Apollo
Goddes of love and beauty. daughter of Patron god of music and the arts. Son of
Zeus and Dione; wife of Hephaestus. Zeus and Leto; brother of Artemis. Also
called Phoebus Apollo, he is associated
with the lyre and archery. It is on the day of
his festival that suitors are murdered
The Odyssey-Characters
Athena Calypso
Goddess of wisdom, crafts, and battle. Goddess, daughter of Atlas. her name is a
Daughter of Zeus; usualy said to have play on a Greek word meaning “to conceal”
sprung from his head. She is also called she detains Odysseus for seven years on
Pallas Athena and the Grey-eyed one. She her island, Ogygia, Offering him immortality
frequently appears to Odysseus and help if he remains.
him return home
The Odyssey-Characters
Circe Cyclopes
Goddess and sorceres; daughter of Helios
and Perse. When odesseus lands on her
island, Aeaea, she turns many of his men Son of Poseidon; one-eyed, man-eating
into swine, but Odysseus(with Hermes’ giants. Their occupation of hyperia forces
help) resists her magic and convinces her the Phaeacians to relocate. The term in the
to undo her spell. he and his men remain singular (Cyclops) also refers to
on her island for one year. Polyphemus
The Odyssey-Characters
Helen Odysseus
Daughter of Leda and Zeus; wife of
Menelaus. She is the most beautiful woman Son of Laertes and Anticlea; husband of
i n t he w or l d and i s gi ven t o P a r i s b y Penelope; father of Telemachus. Odysseus
Aphrodite. Menelaus’ efforts to regain may mean either "giver of woe" or "woeful
Helen are the basis of the Trojan war one."
The Odyssey-Characters
Penelope Poseidon
Daughter of Icarius and Periboea; wife of
Odysseus; mother of Telemachus. God of the sea. Son of Cronus and Rhea;
brother of Zeus, Hades, and Hera; father of
the Cyclops Polyphemus.
The Odyssey-Characters
Sirens Telemachus
Singing creatures with female heads and
breasts, and large birdlike bodies. They Son of Odysseus and Penelope. His name
lure sailors to their island with an irresistible means "battle from afar."
song. refer to Greeks
The Odyssey-Characters
Tiresias Zeus
The supreme god of Olympus, known as
the father of gods and men. Son of Cronus
The blind seer from Thebes whose shade and Rhea; husband and brother of Hera;
counsels Odysseus in the Underworld. father of Athena, Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo,
Artemis, Hephaestus, and others.
The Odyssey-Plot
The Odyssey-Plot
The Cicones The Lutos-Eaters
Odysseus and his men first They land on an island where some
encounter the Cicones, where they of the men eat the lotus fruit, which
raid a city but are then attacked by causes them to forget their desire
reinforcements. to return home.
The Odyssey-Plot
The Cyclops Aeolus, the God of Winds:
They encounter the Cyclops
Aeolus gives Odysseus a bag of
Polyphemus, who traps them in his
winds to help him sail home, but
cave. Odysseus outwits the
his men, thinking it contains
Cyclops by telling him his name is
treasure, open it, blowing them off
"Nobody," allowing them to escape
course.
after blinding him.
The Odyssey-Plot
The Laestrygonians Circe
A sorceress who turns Odysseus’s
A race of giant cannibals that
men into pigs. With the help of the
destroy all of Odysseus's ships
god Hermes, Odysseus forces her
except for his own.
to reverse the spell. They stay with
Circe for a year.
The Odyssey-Plot
The Underworld The Return to Ithaca
While Odysseus is away, his wife,
Penelope, and son, Telemachus, are
besieged by suitors who believe
Odysseus is dead. Telemachus
embarks on his own journey to search
for news of his father.
Odysseus, finally making his way
back to Ithaca, is disguised as a
Odysseus visits the land of the
beggar by the goddess Athena. He
dead to seek advice from the
reveals himself to Telemachus and
prophet Tiresias on how to return
together they plot to defeat the suitors.
home safely.
The Odyssey-Plot
The Final Confrontation
Odysseus, with the help of
Telemachus and a few loyal
servants, kills the suitors in a
dramatic battle. Penelope, after
testing Odysseus to confirm his
identity, finally reunites with her
husband.
The Odyssey-Settings
The Odyssey-Settings
Ithaca Troy
The Starting Point of the Journey:
The Odyssey begins after the fall of
Troy, where Odysseus fought in the
Odysseus's Home,
Trojan War. The war and its
The Palace of Odysseus
aftermath set the stage for
Odysseus’s long journey home.
The Odyssey-Settings
The Island of the The Land of the
Cicones Lotus-Eaters
First Stop: After leaving Troy, Island of Forgetfulness: Odysseus and
Odysseus and his men land on the his crew stop at an island inhabited by
island of the Cicones, where they the Lotus-Eaters. The fruit of the lotus
raid the local population but are plant causes his men to forget their
forced to flee when the Cicones desire to return home, leading to a
retaliate. dangerous delay in their journey.
The Odyssey-Settings
The Island of the Aeolia (Island of Aeolus)
Cyclopes
(Polyphemus's Island)
The Cave of Polyphemus: This is the The God of Winds: Aeolus, the god
famous setting where Odysseus and his
of winds, resides on an island where
men encounter the one-eyed Cyclops,
Polyphemus. After being trapped in his he gives Odysseus a bag of winds
cave, Odysseus uses his wits to escape to help him on his journey. However,
by blinding the Cyclops and tricking him Odysseus’s men open the bag,
into letting them out. blowing them off course.
The Odyssey-Settings
The Laestrygonian Circe’s Island (Aeaea)
Islands
The Sorceress’s Realm: Circe, the
Home of the Giant Cannibals: Here, enchantress, lives on the island of
Odysseus and his men are attacked by Aeaea, where she turns Odysseus’s
giant cannibals called the Laestrygonians. men into pigs. After he overcomes
They destroy all of Odysseus’s ships her magic, they stay with Circe for a
except for his own, continuing the series year, gaining vital knowledge for the
of setbacks he faces.
remainder of their journey.
The Odyssey-Settings
The Underworld The Sirens' Island
(Hades)
Seductive Singing: The Sirens are
Land of the Dead: Odysseus must travel
dangerous creatures whose song lures
to the Underworld to consult the prophet
sailors to their doom. Odysseus, warned
Tiresias, who provides him with guidance
by Circe, orders his men to block their
on how to return to Ithaca safely. This
ears with beeswax while he himself
eerie, dark realm is filled with shades of
listens to their song, tied to the mast of
the dead, including famous figures from
the ship to prevent him from acting on his
Greek mythology.
desire to follow the enchanting music.
The Odyssey-Settings
Scylla and Charybdis The Island of the
Phaeacians (Scheria)
Monsters of the Strait: Between two cliffs,
Odysseus and his men must navigate The Final Resting Place Before Ithaca:
past the two deadly creatures. Scylla is a After many hardships, Odysseus finally
six-headed monster that snatches sailors washes ashore on the island of the
from their ships, while Charybdis is a Phaeacians, where King Alcinous and
whirlpool that threatens to swallow the Queen Arete offer him hospitality. The
entire vessel. Phaeacians help him finally return home
to Ithaca.
The Odyssey-Settings
Mount Olympus The Island of the
Sun God (Thrinacia)
The Realm of the Gods: While not a
frequent physical setting in the narrative,
Mount Olympus is where the gods live, Sacred Cattle of the Sun God: Odysseus
and many parts of the Odyssey are and his men stop at the island of the Sun
influenced by divine interactions. Gods God, Helios, where they are warned not
like Athena, Poseidon, and Zeus play key to harm the sacred cattle. However, his
roles throughout Odysseus's journey, men, starving, slaughter the cattle,
influencing events and providing aid or leading to their doom when Zeus sends a
obstacles. storm to destroy their ship.
The Odyssey-Themes
The Odyssey-Themes
GREEK HOSPITALITY LOYALTY
The Odyssey-Themes
VENGEANCE HOME COMING
The Odyssey-Themes
OMENS TEMPTATIONS
The Odyssey-Themes
APPEARANCE vs REALITY SPIRITUAL GROWTH
The Odyssey-Themes
POWER, STRUGGLE and
CUNNINGNESS
PRIDE
The Odyssey-Themes
INTELLEGENCE over
STRENGTH
The Odyssey-Lessons
The Odyssey-Lessons
The Importance of Home and Family Perseverance and Resilience
The Odyssey revolves around Odysseus’s long Odysseus faces many obstacles—storms,
journey home after the Trojan War. His desire to monsters, gods, and temptations—but his
return to his family—his wife, Penelope, and son, perseverance never wavers. The lesson here is
Telemachus—drives his actions throughout the the value of resilience in the face of adversity.
epic. The story highlights the importance of Odysseus’s determination to return home
home, family, and belonging, showing how despite being away for 20 years teaches that no
Odysseus’s love for his family motivates him to matter the challenges, persistence can lead to
endure countless trials and hardships. eventual success.
The Odyssey-Lessons
Cleverness and Wisdom Loyalty and Faithfulness
One of Odysseus's key traits is his intelligence The loyalty of Odysseus's wife, Penelope, who
and cunning. He often uses his wits to escape remains faithful to him for 20 years despite the
dangerous situations, such as when he pressure of suitors, is a key theme. It
outsmarts the Cyclops Polyphemus. The story emphasizes the value of loyalty in relationships.
teaches that intelligence and strategic thinking Similarly, Telemachus shows loyalty to his father
are just as important as physical strength in and to the principles of justice, even when
overcoming challenges. Odysseus is absent.
The Odyssey-Lessons
The Dangers of Hubris (Excessive Pride) Hospitality and Respect for Others
Throughout The Odyssey, characters who exhibit In the ancient world, hospitality was a highly
excessive pride (hubris) often face dire valued virtue. Throughout the story, Odysseus
consequences. For instance, Odysseus's encounters various hosts, some of whom offer
boastful taunt to Polyphemus leads to further kindness and shelter, while others, like the
challenges from Poseidon. This teaches the Cyclops, are hostile. The contrast between these
importance of humility and the dangers of hosts teaches the importance of hospitality and
overestimating one's power or abilities. how it reflects one's character.
The Odyssey-Lessons
The Role of the Gods The Power of Storytelling
The gods play a significant role in The Odyssey,
both helping and hindering Odysseus. While
Athena offers guidance and protection, The Odyssey itself is a story within a story.
Poseidon’s wrath complicates his journey. This Throughout his journey, Odysseus recounts his
interaction with divine forces serves as a adventures to others, emphasizing the power of
reminder of the unpredictable nature of life and storytelling. It shows how narratives help shape
the need to respect higher powers or forces identity, preserve history, and make sense of
beyond our control. one's experiences.
The Odyssey-Lessons
Transformation and Growth Justice and Retribution
Throughout his long journey, Odysseus
undergoes significant personal growth. His
When Odysseus returns home, he seeks justice
experiences teach him patience, humility, and
for the suitors who have been disrespecting his
the value of wisdom over brute strength. The
household and courting his wife. The final battle
story suggests that the challenges we face can
serves as a reminder of the importance of justice
transform us into better versions of ourselves.
and the consequences of wrongdoing.
Thank You
