2025 CEED MOCK CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
PROVISION MARKING KEY
1a. is minimum amount of energy required to start up a reaction 1
b. a catalyst lowers activation energy1 hence more particles can get over new
activation energy faster resulting in more fruiting collision1 hence increasing rate
of reaction1
c.- it reacts with oxygen to form oxides such phosphorus pentaoxide
- it reacts with chloride to phosphorus chloride
- it reacts with metals
- it reacts with bases (any of the two)
2ai.stainless steel
ii. duralumin
b. extensive burning of fuel produces carbon dioxide1 which accumulates in the
atmosphere resulting in green house effect1 which causes global warming1
c. polyethene, polyvinylchloride, nylon, Teflon, polystyrene (any two)
d. galvanizing involves coating a metal with zinc1 and zinc is more reactive than
iron1so when scratched zinc reacts with water and air instead of iron1hence
prevents rusting to take place1
3a. is the amount of water found in some salt compounds 1
b. RFM of water (10H2O) = 10 x (2x1 + 16)
=10 x 18
= 180 (1)
RFM of Na2CO3.10H2O = (23 x 2) + (12 x 1) + (16 x 3) + 180
= 46 +12 +48 + 180
= 286 (1)
Percentage of water of crystallizations = 180/286 x 100% (1)
= 62.9 % (1)
c. air, leguminous plants, fertilizer, proteins 2 (any two)
4a. X- pentan-3-one 1
Z- butanal 1
b. alkanoic acid or carboxylic acid 1
c. (acid test)
- put X and Y in two test tube 1
-add sodium hydroxide and 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator 1
- X will remain pink 1
- Y will turn colourless 1
Or Brady test
- put X and Y in two test tube 1
- add 2,4 – DNPH to each test tube 1
- X will form yellow/ orange precipitate 1
- Y will remain the same 1
5a are compounds that have the same molecular formula and same structural
formula but have different shapes 1
Or compounds that have same molecular formula but differ by rotation of a carbon
bond
b
Any of the two for 2 marks each (1 mark for correct no of C and H 1 mark for
position of double bond)
6ai addition polymerization 1
ii polyethene 1
iii. heat breaks the double bond of ethene1 releasing free bond 1which join to
together form polyethene 1
b. -make jewellery (rings, neckless, watch, earrings)
- making drilling equipment
- making cutting tools (2 marks for any two)
7ai zinc or Zn
ii. Zn Zn+2 + 2e- (1 for correct reactant and 1 for correct products)
b.i. in pure covalent bond electrons for sharing are offered by both elements 1
while dative bond only one element offers electrons for sharing 1
ii. -Hydronium ion/ H3O+
-ammonium ion/ NH4+ ( any one for the two)
c. nitrogen is a diatomic 1 gas which has a strong triple covalent bond 1which
needs more energy to break before react 1 hence unreactive
8a. – put moist blue litmus paper at mouth of test containing chlorine gas 1
-observe
- moist blues litmus paper turns red and get bleached 1
b. i. -addiction which destroy physical health
- cardiac problems
- miscarriage in pregnant women
- suicide
- risky sexual behavior
- loss of employment ( any two)
ii.
iii. tertiary alcohol
9a. are unfinished reactants in a reaction 1
b. i. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) 1 mark for a 2 at HCl
ii. from balanced equation
mass of H2 = 2 x 1x 1 mol = 2g
mass of Cl2 = 2 x 35.5 x 1 mol = 71g
from equation 2g H2 = 71g Cl2
12g H2 = ? Cl2 1
= 12g X 71g 1
2g
= 426g 1
12.4g of H2 needed to react with 426g of Cl2 however 180g of chlorine was
available for the reaction therefore chlorine 1 was a limiting reagent
10a. - biodegradable 1
- Nonbiodegradable 1
b. -reduce waste volume
- it produces heat energy which can be used for other purposes
- prevent emission of methane if controlled
- it is cheap (any of the two for 2 marks)
11a. ethanol reacts with oxygen1 using acidified potassium dichromate 1 to
form ethanal
𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7 −2 (𝑎𝑞)
𝐶2 𝐻5 𝑂𝐻 (𝑙) + ⟮𝑂⟯ ⟶ 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝑂(𝑙) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑔) 1
𝐻+ (𝑎𝑞)
Ethanal further reacts with oxygen to ethanoic acid 1
𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7 −2 (𝑎𝑞)
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻𝑂 (𝑎𝑞) + ⟮𝑂⟯ ⟶ 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞) 1
𝐻+ (𝑎𝑞)
b. - Three concentric pipes are placed inside a sunk borehole 1 to the bottom of
sulphur.
- Water is superheated at about 1700C 1 under high temperature and pressure
which melts sulphur below beds 1
- Hot compressed air 𝟏 is pumped down at about 15 atm through inner
pipe.
- Then the mixture of air hot water and molten sulphur comes up 𝟏 through
middle pipes
12a. - Hard water passes through a container which have resins 1 containing sodium
ions in the resin
- Calcium ions and magnesium ions 1 are exchanged for sodium ions in the
resin as it passes the resin 1
- Sodium ions goes in hard water and do not cause water hardness 1 while
calcium and magnesium ions that cause water hardness remain in resin 1
b.- iron metal dissolves and oxidise to form iron ions 1
Fe (s) Fe2+ + 2e- 1
- The lost electrons are taken up by water an air
2H2O(l) + O2 (g) 4OH- 1
- Iron ions further reacts with water and oxygen to form rust 1
4Fe2+ + 2H2O + O2 (g) 2Fe2O3.H2O 1
13a
3 marks ( 1 solution, 1 position of spoon, 1 for copper metal)
- arrange the apparatus as shown above
At anode
-copper metal dissolves and ionizes in copper sulphate according to the following
equation 1
Cu (s) Cu2+ + 2e- 1
- the size of anode will decrease in size 1
At cathode
- the lost electron goes to the cathode through the external circuit 1
-the copper ions get attracted to cathode (spoon) and gain electrons to form copper
metal 1
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu (s) 1
- iron spoon will be coated with copper and increase in size 1
End of provisional marking scheme for chemistry paper 1
