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DB 4

The document provides an overview of various SQL string and date functions, including examples and their outputs. It covers functions such as concatenation, padding, trimming, case conversion, substring extraction, and date manipulation. Each function is demonstrated with a SQL query and the expected output, showcasing their utility in SQL operations.

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Praveena
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24 views6 pages

DB 4

The document provides an overview of various SQL string and date functions, including examples and their outputs. It covers functions such as concatenation, padding, trimming, case conversion, substring extraction, and date manipulation. Each function is demonstrated with a SQL query and the expected output, showcasing their utility in SQL operations.

Uploaded by

Praveena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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String Functions

 Concatenation (||):

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SELECT 'Hello' || ' ' || 'World' FROM dual;

Output:

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Hello World

 LPAD('123', 5, '0'):

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SELECT LPAD('123', 5, '0') FROM dual;

Output:

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00123

 RPAD('123', 5, '0'):

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SELECT RPAD('123', 5, '0') FROM dual;

Output:

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12300

 LTRIM(' Hello'):

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SELECT LTRIM(' Hello') FROM dual;

Output:

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Hello

 RTRIM('Hello '):

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SELECT RTRIM('Hello ') FROM dual;

Output:

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Hello

 LOWER('HELLO'):

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SELECT LOWER('HELLO') FROM dual;

Output:

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hello

 UPPER('hello'):

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SELECT UPPER('hello') FROM dual;

Output:

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HELLO

 INITCAP('hello world'):

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SELECT INITCAP('hello world') FROM dual;

Output:

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Hello World

 LENGTH('Hello'):

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SELECT LENGTH('Hello') FROM dual;

Output:

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 SUBSTR('Hello World', 1, 5):

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SELECT SUBSTR('Hello World', 1, 5) FROM dual;

Output:
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Hello

 INSTR('Hello World', 'World'):

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SELECT INSTR('Hello World', 'World') FROM dual;

Output:

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3. Date Functions

 SYSDATE:

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SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual;

Output (example, based on the current date and time):

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06-MAR-25 10:45:23

 NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'MONDAY'):

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SELECT NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'MONDAY') FROM dual;

Output (if today is Wednesday, the output will be the date of the next Monday):

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10-MAR-25
 ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 2):

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SELECT ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 2) FROM dual;

Output:

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06-MAY-25

 LAST_DAY(SYSDATE):

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SELECT LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) FROM dual;

Output:

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31-MAR-25

 MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, TO_DATE('2024-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')):

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SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, TO_DATE('2024-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) FROM dual;

Output (based on current date of March 2025):

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14.0

 LEAST(10, 20, 30):

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SELECT LEAST(10, 20, 30) FROM dual;


Output:

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10

 GREATEST(10, 20, 30):

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SELECT GREATEST(10, 20, 30) FROM dual;

Output:

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30

 TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM'):

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SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MM') FROM dual;

Output:

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01-MAR-25

 ROUND(SYSDATE, 'YYYY'):

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SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE, 'YYYY') FROM dual;

Output:

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