EYE

The eye develops as a ______ outgrowth of the neuroectodermal

embryonic ____ that contacts surface ectoderm and is
enveloped by induced mesodermal and neural crest prosencephalon
mesenchyme.

The eyeball (bulbus oculi) is formed by three concentric the fibrous tunic, middle vascular tunic, and the inner
coats: nervous tunic

Th e vertex of the cornea is designated the ____ pole of anterior pole

the eye

The line connecting the anterior and posterior poles Axis bulbi
and passing through the center of the lens is?

Lines connecting the anterior and posterior poles of the Meridians

eye on the surface of the globe are ?

The ____of the eye is responsible for the shape of the Fibrous outer tunic
eye, protection from the external environment, and
conduction with refraction (bending) of light rays via
the cornea.

The junction of the cornea and the sclera is designated limbus corneae
the ___.

It consists of a dense network of collagen and elastic Sclera

gibers and their attendant fibrocytes. It varies in
thickness, being greatest in the region just posterior to
the corneoscleral junction

It forms the anterior segment of the fibrous tunic Cornea

It is a regional term that includes the most anterior iridocorneal angle

internal aspect of the sclera, the most posterior internal
aspect of the cornea, the most anterior external aspect
of the ciliary body, the root of the iris, and all
intervening tissue associated with these structures.

The thick middle coat of the eye, interposed between Vascular tunic
the retina and the sclera. It is commonly referred to as
the ____ tract. The vascular tunic includes three Uvea or uveal tract
contiguous parts, which, from posterior to anterior, are
the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris

It is a pigmented vascular layer. It is continuous with the Choroid

ciliary body anteriorly and completely envelops the
posterior hemisphere of the eyeball, except in the
region of the area cribrosa.

It is a specialized re ective layer of the choroid. It is Tapetum

thought to increase the ability of the retina to function
under low light levels.

The thickened middle segment of the vascular tunic, Ciliary body

between the iris and choroid. It consists of a ciliary ring
and ciliary crown.

The posterior at portion of the ciliary body adjacent to Ciliary ring

the anterior border of the pars optica retina and
continuous with the choroid.

The raised portion of the ciliary body anterior to the Ciliary crown
ciliary ring and adjacent to the iris.

The lens is fixed in position by a delicate suspensory zonula ciliaris

apparatus called?

It is the most anterior segment of the vascular tunic. It Iris

is a thin circular diaphragm, which rests against the
anterior surface of the lens

The central opening in the iris whivh is circular in the Pupil

dog. Its size is variable and serves to regulate the
amount of light reaching the retina.

The diameter of the pupil is _____ when the intensity of smallest

illumination is greatest.

The ____is a sheet of circumferentially arranged sphincter muscle

smooth muscle fibers near the pupillary margin. Larger
than the 2 muscles of the eye.

It is composed of radially arranged smooth muscle bers Dilator of the pupil

that form a meshwork through which the collagen
bundles of the iris stroma are looped.

The ____of the eye consists of the retina with its innermost tunic
pigmented epithelium. It is often referred to as the
nervous coat. It develops from an outgrowth of the optic vesicle
diencephalon, the ____

The meninges of the brain are continued along the optic internal and external sheaths
nerve to the eyeball as the_____ of the optic nerve
It is a bilayered epithelium that covers the posterior pars iridica retinae/ ciliary margin of iris
surface of the iris.

The ciliary margin of the iris, the pars iridica retinae pars ciliaris retinae
reflects onto the ciliary body to become the______,
which produces the aqueous humor

It ____ is the demarcation between the visual and ora serrata

nonvisual retina

It is responsible for the transduction of photic energy pars optica retinae

into chemical energy and finally into electrical energy
transmitted as an action potential along the optic nerve
to the visual centers of the brain.

The intraocular myelinated portion of the nerve forms Optic disc

the?

It is a soft, transparent, protein-rich, biconvex structure Lens

suspended in contact with the posterior face of the iris
and the anterior face of the vitreous body

It is the anterior and posterior chambers. This is Aqueous humor

produced by an active secretory process from the
epithelium (pars ciliaris retinae) of the richly vascular
ciliary body.

It is the largest of the three chambers of the eye, Vitreous chamber

accounting for approximately 80% of the volume of the
eyeball

It traverses the vitreous from the optic disc to the Hyaloid canal
posterior face of the lens. It is the funnel-shaped
remnant of the primary (embryologic) vitreous

The conical cavity that contains the eyeball and the Orbit
ocular adnexa.

It forms the lateral two-thirds of the floor of the orbit Zygomatic gland

It is a thin fibrous capsule that envelops the eyeball vagina bulbi

from the limbus to the optic nerve

The thickest and most easily demonstrated fascial periorbita

structure of the orbit is the ______, which is the conical
brous sheet surrounding the eyeball and its associated
muscles, nerves, and vessels.

These are mobile folds of skin that can be drawn over Eyelid
the anterior aspect of the eyeball to occlude light and
protect the cornea.

They are coiled, tubular, apocrine sweat glands that Ciliary glands
secrete into hair follicles or sebaceous glands or directly
onto the lid margin

The ____ arises as a fold from the ventromedial aspect third eyelid or semilunar fold of the conjunctiva
of the conjunctiva.

It is a pink, oval, lobated gland that lies deep to the Lacrimal gland
periorbita on the superiolateral aspect of the eyeball.
The gland is flattened between the eyeball and the
orbital ligament and zygomatic process of the frontal
bone.

The glycoprotein component of the tear film is conjunctivae

produced mostly by the goblet cells of the ___. These
cells are especially numerous in the regions of the
fornices and contribute to the tears.

It forms an arch, which is concave dorsally as it passes Nasolacrimal duct

rostrally from the lacrimal sac through the lacrimal
canal of the lacrimal bone and maxilla

These dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris and the Intraocular muscles
ciliary muscles lie entirely within the eyeball. ey are
composed of smooth muscle bers. It acts reflexly to
regulate the amount of light that reaches the retina.

They are striated muscles: the dorsal, medial, ventral, Extraocular muscles
and lateral rectus muscles; the dorsal and ventral
oblique muscles; and the retractor bulbi muscle.

It is a striated muscle, derived from the lateral rectus m. retractor bulbi

that originates from the periosteum within the orbital
ssure, lateral to the optic nerve

It is a small, oval plate of hyaline cartilage in the Trochlea

periorbita. It is firmly anchored to the medial orbital
wall by three ligamentous thickenings of the periorbita

It is the only extraocular muscle that arises from a site m. obliquus ventralis
remote from the apex of the orbit

It is the most important muscle that acts to close the m. orbicularis oculi
palpebral fissure. It is composed of two parts: the pars
orbitalis and the pars palpebralis.
It is the most important muscle that acts to retract the m. levator palpebrae superioris
superior eyelid

The_____ of the m. sphincter colli profundus acts as a pars palpebralis

depressor of the inferior lid

It is considered as a component of the special somatic a Optic nerve (CN 2)

erent system but it is not a peripheral nerve based on
its structure.

It is the primary general somatic efferent innervation to oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

the muscles of the eye. It is the motor to the dorsal,
medial, and ventral rectus muscles, the ventral oblique,
and the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.

It is unique among the cranial nerves in that it leaves trochlear nerve (CN 4)
the dorsal surface of the brainstem. It is the smallest of
the cranial nerves

The eye and orbit are richly supplied by branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
___

It arises from the rostromedial aspect of the trigeminal Ophthalmic nerve

ganglion and arcs rostromedially into the orbital ssure
to join cranial nerves III, IV, and VI

It is a small nerve that is sensory to most of the skin of Frontal nerve

the superior eyelid and medially to the dorsal midline

It continues the ophthalmic into the orbit. It passes Nasociliary nerve

rostromedially between the dorsal and ventral rami of
the oculomotor nerve to the dorsal surface of the optic
nerve.

It supplies general somatic e erent axons to the lateral Abducent nerve (CN 6)
rectus and retractor bulbi muscles.

It supplies somatic efferent innervation to the muscles Facial nerve (CN 7)

of the eyelids and parasympathetic innervation to the
lacrimal gland by way of the major petrosal nerve and
pterygopalatine ganglion.

The major blood supply to the eye in the dog is from the external carotid artery
____ via the maxillary and external ophthalmic arteries.