BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. BIHAR ECONOMY: AN OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 3
2. STATE FINANCES...................................................................................................................... 5
3. AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS .................................................................................. 7
4. ENTERPRISES SECTOR ......................................................................................................... 14
5. LABOUR EMPLOYMENT AND SKILL ..................................................................................... 19
6. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................................................... 22
7. CHAPTER VII: E-GOVERNANCE............................................................................................. 27
8. POWER SECTOR ..................................................................................................................... 30
9. RURAL DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................................... 35
10. URBAN DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................................... 39
11. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ..................................................................................................... 42
12. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................................... 45
13. CHILD DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................... 69
14. ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT ............................... 78
15. Bihar Economic Survey 2024-25 MCQs ................................................................................. 87

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

1. BIHAR ECONOMY: AN OVERVIEW

Bihar has witnessed significant economic growth over the last two decades owing to the State government's initiatives,
resulting in notable advancements in education, health, and other social indicators, along with a general increase in the per
capita income.The current Economic Survey (2024-25) is organized into 14 chapters , each focusing on different aspects of
the Bihar economy .

Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar for the year 2023-24

At Current Prices At Constant Prices

(Base year 2011-12)

Estimation Rs. 8,54,429 crore Rs. 4,64,540 crore

Gross State Domestic Product Increase 14.5% 9.2%

Estimation Rs. 7,71,435 crore Rs. 4,11,359 crore

Net State Domestic Product Increase 10.7% 5%

Estimation Rs. 66,828 Rs. 36,333

Per capita GSDP Increase 12.8% 7.6%

Estimation Rs. 32,174

Per capita NSDP Increase 7.6%

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Estimation Rs. 38,986 crore

Increase 4.6%

The share of the different sectors in the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at constant (2011-12) Prices in 2023-24:
• Primary: 19.9%
o Crops and livestock are the two major contributors to the state's GSVA, with their contributions estimated to be
9.9% and 6.3%, respectively.
o This sector has the largest share in employment (54.2%).
• Secondary: 21.5%
o The estimated share of manufacturing is 7.6 percent.
o Construction activities related to manufacturing are estimated to have contributed the most at 11.3 percent.
o 23.6% contribution in workforce participation.
• Tertiary: 58.6%
o The most significant contributor is estimated to be the Trade and Repair Services, accounting for 14.8 percent.
o 22.2% contribution in workforce participation.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

Respectively Prosperous and Impoverished Districts of Bihar (2022-23 and 2023-24)

Criteria / Most Prosperous District Most Impoverished District

Year

Per Capita GSDP ( In Rs.)

2022-23 Patna (121396),Begusarai (49064), Munger (46795) Sheohar(19561), Sitamarhi (21931),

Araria (22204)

Consumption of Petrol per 1000 persons in a year (in MT)

2023-24 Patna (17.7) , Muzaffarpur (11.8) , Purnea (10.9) Lakhisarai (4.9) , Banka (5.1) ,
Jehanabad (5.6)

Consumption of Diesel per 1000 persons in a year (in MT)

2023-24 Patna (35.9), Sheikhpura (34.9) , Aurangabad (27.7) Sheohar (8.9), Siwan (11.2) , Gopalganj
(11.7)

Consumption of LPG per 1000 persons in a year (in MT)

2023-24 Patna (24.9), Begusarai (16.5), Muzaffarpur (15.7), Araria (7.5) ,Banka (8.0) , Kishanganj
Gopalganj (15.7) (8.2)

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

2. STATE FINANCES
The state government’s budget has significantly increased over the year and this effectively utilised to improve the
infrastructure necessary for economic growth in Bihar . Furthermore , the government has allocated more funds to achieve
various developmental goals, resulting in notable improvement across indicators.At the same time , the government has
managed its finances prudently , ensuring that the rise in expenditure remains fiscally sustainable . Additionally ,its fiscal
management has been flexible enough to avoid vulnerabilities.
• Total Expenditure - 2,52,082 crore
o Scheme Expenditure - 1,01,835 crore (40.4%)
o Establishment and Committed Expenditure - 1,50,247 crore (59.6%)
• Share of Expenditure (2023-24) -
o Social service - 83,225 crore (43.7%)
o General service - 59,218 crore (31.1%)
o Economic service _ 48,071 crore ( 25.2%)
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE -
Item In Crore As percentage of GSDP

2023-24 2024-25 (BE) 2023-24 2024-25 (BE)

Total Revenue Receipts 1,93,347 2,26,798 22.6 23.2

Total Revenue Expenditure 1,90,514 2,25,677 22.3 23.1

Revenue Deficit -2833 -1121 -0.3 -0.1

Capital Receipts 60,313 52,127 7.1 5.3

Capital Expenditure 61,568 53,049 7.2 5.4

Total Expenditure 2,52,082 2,78,726 29.5 28.5

Gross Fiscal Deficit 35,660 29,095 4.2 3.0

Primary deficit 18,054 8,569 2.1 0.9

Total Borrowing 60,218 51,688 7.0 5.3

a. Internal Debt receipt 49,546 49,188 5.8 5.0

b. Loans from central government 10,672 2,500 1.2 0.3

Debt outstanding 3,32,741 3,48,370 38.9 35.7

GSDP 8,54,429 9,76,514

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
• Revenue Receipts - The largest share of revenue comes from tax revenue followed by Grants - in aid and Non- tax
revenue .
o Tax revenue - 1,61,965 crore (2023-24) , 83.8 % of total receipts .
o Grants-in-aid - 52,161 crore (2023-24), 13.5 % of total receipts .
o
Non-tax revenue - 5,257 crore (2023-24), 2.7 % of total receipts.
COMPONENT OF STATE’S TAX REVENUE FROM OWN SOURCE -

IN CRORE PERCENTAGE SHARE

SOURCE
2023-24 2024-25(BE) 2023-24 2024-25(BE)

SGST 27678 31565 57.2 58.1

Taxes on sales , trade etc 9371 10010 19.4 18.4

Stamp and Registration fee 6348 7500 13.1 13.8

Taxes on Vehicle 3358 3700 6.9 6.8

Land Revenue 580 600 1.2 1.1

Taxes and Duties on Electricity 846 750 1.8 1.4

COMPONENTS OF GROSS FISCAL DEFICIT OF BIHAR - The GFD of 2023-24 of the state government was
decreases 20.4% as compared to the previous year .

IN CRORE PERCENTAGE
COMPOSITION
2023-24 2024-25 (BE) 2023-24 2024-25 (BE)

Revenue Deficit / Surplus -2833 -1121 -7.9 -3.9

Capital outlay 36453 29416 102.2 101.1

Net lending 2040 801 5.7 2.8

GFD 35660 29095

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

3. AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

Agriculture remains the backbone of Bihar's economy employing over 75% of the population and making significant
contributions to the state’s GDP. With its fertile soil, abundant water resources, and favourable climate, Bihar produces a
variety of crops, such as rice, wheat, maize, pulses, sugarcane, jute, and oilseeds. The state is also a leading producer of
horticultural products such as mango, makhana, and litchi. To enhance agricultural production and yield, the state
government adopted the Fourth Agriculture Road Map(2023-28), which focuses on modern infrastructure and allied
activities.
• In 2022-23, the crop sector grew by 6.7 percent, fishing and aquaculture by 11.1 percent, and livestock by 2.7 percent.
• The agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector contributed 20.2 percent to the gross state value added (GSVA).
• The Jaivik Corridor Yojana, aimed at promoting organic farming, has nearly achieved its target for 2023-24.
o In 13 districts, 20,000 acres of land were distributed to farmers under the second phase of the Jaivik Corridor
Yojana and the State government allocated Rs. 3192.62 lakh for the purpose.
SECTOR ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (IN %) SHARE IN GSVA IN BIHAR
(IN %)

2022-23 2023-24 (QUICK 2022-23 2023-24

(PROVISIONAL ESTIMATE) (PROVISIONAL (QUICK
ESTIMATE) ESTIMATE) ESTIMATE)

Agriculture , forestry and 5.4 5.4 20.2 19.5

fishing

Crops 6.7 4.7 10.4 9.9

Livestock 2.7 7.6 6.4 6.3

Forestry and Logging 2.1 3.9 1.5 1.5

FIshing and Aquaculture 11.1 3.2 1.9 1.8

LAND USE PATTERN
• In Bihar 54.6% of the land was utilized for crop production in 2022-23.
• In Buxar and Bhojpur district more than 80% of the geographical area was utilized for crop production.
• The cropping intensity was highest in Supaul (1.82), followed by Jehanabad (1.75).
LAND USE AREA IN ‘000 HECTARES

geographical area 9359.6

Total unculturable land 4246.8

Net sown area 5112.8

Gross sown area 7268.2

Cropping intensity 1.42

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
CROPPING PATTERN (2023-24)
• Cereal production continues to dominate the cropping pattern in the state.
o In the 2023-24 agricultural year, 6357.9 thousand hectares of land were cultivated with cereals.
o Between 2022-23 and 2023-24 agricultural years, the area dedicated to cereals increased by 7.1 percent.
• Rice in Kharif and wheat in Rabi constitute the primary crop cycles in Bihar.
o In 2023-24, the total rice production was 9,522.9 thousand tonnes, with 90.1 percent being rice (Aghani).
o Between 2022-23 and 2023-24, rice production has increased by 21.0 percent.
o Wheat is the main rabi crop in Bihar, with its total production in the state being 7,306.7 thousand tonnes in 2023-
24, reflecting an increase of 10.7 percent over 2022-23.
• Between 2020-21 and 2023-24, maize production rose from 3,521.4 thousand tonnes to 5,864.9 thousand tonnes, an
increase of 66.6 percent.
o Four districts - Purnea, Araria, Katihar, and Kishanganj - contributed 53 percent of the total maize production in
the state in 2023-24.
• Among the fibre crops, jute is the major crop produced in Bihar. Between 2022-23 and 2023-24, jute production has
increased by 24.6 percent.
CROP AREA IN ‘000 HECTARES % AGE

Foodgrains 6825.8 94.5

Cereals 6357.9 88

Pulses 468 6.5

Oil seeds 129.6 1.8

Fibre crops 67.4 0.9

Sugarcane 202.2 2.8

Total area 7225 100

MAJOR CROP IN BIHAR (2023-24)

CROP PRODUCTION YIELD DISTRICT WITH DISTRICT WITH

(‘000 TONNES) (KG/HEC HIGHEST HIGHEST YIELD
TARES) PRODUCTION (‘000 (KG/HECTARES)
TONNES)

Cereals 22716.8 3573

Rice 9522.9 3062 Rohtas (900.6) Rohtas (4649)

(9.5%)

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

Wheat 7306.7 (10.7% increase) 3211(8.8 Rohtas (716.2) Begusarai (4012)

increase)

Pulses 398.6 852 Patna (47.8) East champaran (1450)

Maize 5864.9 6138 Purnea (1144.9) KIshanganj (9222)

Sugarcane 13641.9 67483 West champaran (9667743) Begusarai(97)

Total coarse 5887.3 6056

cereals

TARGET AND ACHIEVEMENT OF NFSM SCHEME (2023-24)

CROP TARGET ACHIEVEMENT

Physical (in ha) Financial (in Rs.lakh) Physical (in ha) Financial ( in Rs. lakh)

Rice 44861 834.5 18765 442.9

Wheat 30563 517.5 15047 296.0

Pulses 58378 1570.8 21230 713.2

Coarse Cereals 27318 846.0 19005 566.6

Jute 32491 226.6 3743 144.1

Sugarcane 3075 110.7 2421 87.2

Promotion of Horticulture in Bihar

• Area-wise, the most important fruit has been mango, followed by the banana in 2023-24.
o Out of 371.4 thousand hectares of land under fruit cultivation in Bihar, 164.6 thousand hectares (44.3 percent)
consisted of mango orchards in 2023-24.
• In 2023-24, litchi production was 345.1 thousand tonnes. Between 2022-23 and 2023-24, the area of litchi orchards
has increased by 6.0 percent, whereas the total production has increased by 11.7 percent.
• In 2023-24, 27.8 thousand hectares of land were cultivated with makhana, and the total production was 56.4 thousand
tonnes. Bihar accounts for 85 percent of the total makhana production of India.
o The State government has allocated Rs. 1081.97 lakh for the Makhana Development Scheme for 2023-24 to
2024-25.
• To promote the holistic growth of the tea sector, a Center of Excellence for Tea is proposed to be established in the
Kishanganj district.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
• The State government has also provided financial support to grow betel leaves in six districts (Nalanda, Nawada, Gaya,
Aurangabad, Sheikhpura, and Vaishali).
o Under the Fourth Agriculture Road Map (DPR), Rs. 469.0 lakh has been approved for a period of five years from
2023-24 to 2027-28 to establish the Model Horticulture Center (Betel) in Bidupur, Vaishali. This fund is
allocated
• Under the Fourth Agriculture Road Map and the scheme named 'Promoting Agriculture for Revolutionizing Agrarian
Growth' (PARAG), the State government has initiated the Beekeeping and Honey Production Programme to enhance
the quality of honey production.
DISTRICTS WITH HIGHEST PRODUCTION -
• Banana - Bhagalpur
• Guava- Rohtas
• Litchi -Muzaffarpur
• Mango - Darbhanga
• Onion - Nalanda
• Potato - Patna
• Fish production - Madhubani
Vegetable Production
• The extent of land cultivated with vegetables was 894.01 thousand hectares in 2023-24, which was 0.5 percent more
than the land used for vegetable cultivation in 2022-23.
• Among the vegetables, the largest area of land was cultivated with potatoes, accounting for 39.6 percent of the total
land under vegetables cultivation in 2023-24.
o In 2023-24, 329.5 thousand hectares of land were cultivated with potatoes and 8842.6 thousand tonnes of potatoes
were produced.
• For 2023-24, the State government has allocated Rs. 1303.56 lakh to implement the Vegetable Development Scheme
under the Bihar Horticulture Development Society. This scheme is being implemented across 23 districts in Bihar.
Flower Production
• Commercial flower production has taken place in some parts of Bihar.
o The most prominent flowers are marigold, rose, and jasmine.
• In 2023-24, 1.350 thousand hectares of land were cultivated with marigolds, and the total marigold production was
12.8 thousand tonnes. Marigold production constituted 96.0 percent of the total flower production.
Government Supporting Horticulture
• The most prominent schemes that are implemented to improve the horticulture landscape in Bihar are: the National
Horticulture Mission, the Chief Minister Horticulture Mission, the Makhana Development Scheme, the Pradhan
Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, and the Bihar Agricultural Investment Promotion Policy.
• The State government is providing an 80 percent subsidy to small and marginal farmers on drip and micro sprinkler
systems under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) to promote the efficient and judicious use of
water for irrigation.
• Two Centers of Excellence (CoE) - Chandi, in the Nalanda district for vegetables and Desari, in the Vaishali district
for fruits - have been established to help facilitate the timely availability of good quality planting materials to the
farmers.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
FERTILIZER -
• Uses- 3867.1 thousand tonnes (25.3% increase in 2 years )
• Urea - Uses ⅔ of Total fertilizer
• NPK - Highest use in Purnea district
IRRIGATION -
• Groundwater irrigation has been the primary source of irrigation in Bihar.
• In 2022-23, irrigation through accessing groundwater using:
o Different types of wells was carried out in 64.1% of the gross irrigated area.
o Surface irrigation via canals was available in 30.3% of the gross irrigated area.
KCC-
• 2023-24 -7080.07 Crore
Animal Husbandry, Dairy farming and Fishes -
Animal Husbandry
• Between 2003 and 2019, the number of livestock has increased by 35.5 percent. A similar pattern can also be observed
in poultry; the number of poultry has increased by 18.3 percent in the same period.
• Between 2018-19 and 2023-24 milk production increased by 30.9%.
• During this period Egg production increased by 95.1 %.
• Fish production increased by 45%.

Livestock and poultry Figures in million (2019)

Cattle 15.40

Buffalo 7.72

Sheep 0.21

Goat 12.82

Pigs` 0.34

Total livestock 36.54

Total Poultry 16.53

Dairy Farming
• Samagra Gavya Vikas Yojana: In 2024-25, under the state plan, the State government has approved Rs. 48.48 crore
to establish dairy units (of 2, 4, 15, and 20) high-breed milk cattle/heifers.
o A provision of 75 percent subsidy has been made for the dairy farmers belonging to the EBC, SC, and ST, while
other dairy farmers receive a 50 percent subsidy.
• Desi Gaupalan Protsahan Yojana: In 2024-25, under the Saat Nishchay-2, approval has been granted for establishing
dairy units of 2 and 4 indigenous cows/heifers under the Desi Gaupalan Protsahan Yojana.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
o The estimated cost of implementing the scheme was Rs. 25.46 crore.
o 75 percent grant to the beneficiaries of EBC, SC, and ST communities, and a 50 percent grant to all others.
• In 2024-25, under Saat Nishchay-2, an insurance scheme for milch cattle was approved, with an estimated cost of
Rs. 2.99 crore.
o The scheme offers financial security through livestock insurance in the event of death, illness, or other reasons.
• Formation of Milk Products Cooperation Committee: Under Saat Nishchay-2, approval has been granted to
establish milk cooperative societies in 7,000 villages at a cost of Rs. 56.00 crore over four years (2021-22 to 2024-
25).

SCHEME OBJECTIVE

Tea development scheme To promote tea in Kishanganj district.Offers 50% subsidy for tea estates.
Centre of excellence for tea proposed to be established in Kishanganj.

Betel development scheme In 6 districts i.e Nalanda ,Nawada ,Gaya,Aurangabad, Sheikhpura ,Vaishali

PARAG ( Promoting Agriculture for For beekeeping and honey production programme to enhance quality of
Revolutionizing Agrarian Growth) honey production

Desi Gaupalan Protsahan Yojana Granted for establishing a Dairy unit of 2-4 indigenous cows/heifers.

Formation of milk products cooperation To establish milk cooperative societies in 7000 villages.
committee

Mukhymantri Samekit Chaur vikas To transfer Chaur area into aquaculture based integrated farming systems.
yojna

Pradhanmantri Matsy sampada yojna To enhance fish production and productivity.both central and state
government sharing the costs for this scheme.

Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali abhiyan Under this 2377 schemes were approved by 2023-24.

Ground water Irrigation scheme Provides two schemes -

• State tubewell irrigation schemes -Efforts are underway to revive
3472 non-functional state tubewell.
• Mukhyamantri niji nalkup yojana-35000 private tubewells are
proposed to be installed.

Jaivik Kheti Protsahan yojana Covers 38 districts to promote organic farming . To encourage the growth
of Dhaincha, a subsidy of 90% was given on seed.

Gobar/ BIogas Unit In 2024-25 , 100 gobar gas units are sanctioned.

Hari Khad Karyakram IN 2024-25 the physical target for hari khad was 18600 quintals

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

Jaivik Corridor Yojana The second phase was implemented in 13 districts.

Namami Gange scheme Sanctioned for 12 districts in 2021-22 for three years.

Pradhanmantri Krishi Vikas Yojana Implemented in 11 districts. Cost sharing between centre and state in a ratio
(PKVY) of 60:40.

Kisan chaupal Disseminate information about the schemes

NEW SCHEMES- By Water Resources Department

• Eastern Gandak Canal System - The main eastern canal originates from the Valmikinagar Barrage in the west
champaran district and it is targeted for completion by 2025-26.
• Ganga Water Supply Scheme- In phase -I 9.91million cubic meters of water supplied to Rajgir and Nawada in
2023 from the Ganga ji Rajgir reservoir . In phase - II includes the Madhuvan reservoir (27 MCM capacity) and
related works , with compilation targeted by August 2025.
• Nikrish Pump Canal Scheme on Karmnasha River - It addresses water shortages in Rampur distribution canal
of the Chausa branch of Son canal system.The project is expected to be completed by February 2025.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

4. ENTERPRISES SECTOR
Bihar stands at a pivotal moment in its industrial evolution. Despite its rich history and potential, the state faces unique
challenges in terms of industrial growth. However, recent government initiatives have emphasized the role of
industrialization in Bihar’s economic transformation, with a particular focus on attracting large-scale investments and
fostering entrepreneurship.

GROWTH RATE OF SECONDARY SECTOR AT CONSTANT (2011-12)PRICE (2023-24)

Year Mining and Manufacturing Egwus Construction Total Gsdp Contribution in gsva
quarrying

2022-23 192.9 -6.0 33.0 22.0 11.8 9.8 21.7

(PE)

2023-24(QE) 21.1 1.4 18.0 11.1 8.4 9.2 21.5

• The secondary sector, particularly construction and manufacturing, has been a major driver of Bihar's industrial
growth, with construction contributing 50.2 percent of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of the secondary
sector in 2022-23.
o Growth rate of construction activities between 2021-22 and 2022-23 - 22%
o Construction activities contribute - 50.2% of the GSDP of the secondary sector
o The manufacturing sector contributes - 37% of the GSDP of the secondary sector.
o Numerically the most important industry is non-metallic mineral products (1234 units ).
o The contribution of Bihar to India’s GVA - 0.5% (2022-23)
o The ratio of GVA to GVO (gross value output)- 11.2
o Contribution to GVA for the country - 0.7%
oShare of GCF of India- 1.7%
• The top three states, in terms of GVA contribution of rural market establishments in India, were Uttar Pradesh (14.1
percent), Bihar (8.8 percent), and Maharashtra (8.8 percent).
UNINCORPORATED SECTOR -
ASUSE (Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises) categorises establishment into two -
1. Own Account Establishment (OAE)- Run without any hired workers employed on a regular basis.
2. HIred Worker Establishment (HWE) - Employs at least one hired worker on a regular basis.
3. In Bihar, 99.3 percent of the establishments were proprietary. Of all the proprietor ownerships, only 14.5 percent of
the proprietors were female.
• workers in incorporated non-agricultural enterprises (2022-23)- 59 lakh
o In rural establishments - 43.6 lakh
✓ In OAEs - 68%
✓ In HWEs - 32%
o In urban establishments - 16.6 lakh
• Among all female workers, 3.3 percent (9.27 lakh, in absolute numbers) were employed in establishments in Bihar.
o In rural Bihar, 81.5 percent of all female workers were employed in establishments.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
o In rural Bihar, OAEs and HWEs have employed 5.6 lakh and 1.9 lakh female workers, respectively.
o
Total female employment in urban establishments in Bihar was 1.6 lakh.
MAJOR INDUSTRIES -
1. Sugar industries -
o No. of mills -9
o Recovery rate - 10.16
o Total sugar production - 68.77 lakh quintals
o Power generation capacity - 88.5 MW
o Latest initiatives -
✓ Reopened the Raga sugar mill
✓ Bihar jaggery promotion programme - 12.40 crore subsidy to 81 jaggery production units.
✓ 50 % subsidy for various jaggery production units.
✓ Sugarcane Mechanization scheme - lower the cost of sugarcane cultivation and enhance its production.
2. Dairy industries -
o Bihar State Milk Corporation Federation Limited (COMFED)was established in 1983.
o Total dairy milk collection (2023-24) - 2305.1 thousand kg ( 38.7% increased by previous year)
3. Textile Industries -
o In Bihar, 14 districts produce specialized handloom products.
o The state produces three types of silk: mulberry, tasar, and castor/Eri.
✓ The total mulberry cocoon production was 10.4 tonnes, yielding 1.2 tonnes of raw silk in 2023-24.
✓ The production of Tasar and castor/Eri raw silk was 43.9 tonnes and 15.2 tonnes, respectively.
• To sustain handloom and power loom in Bihar state provided a power subsidy worth Rs.33.34 crore (2023-24)
• Each handloom operation receives 10000 as working capital to run their operations.

STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL UNITS

SECTOR OPERATIONAL UNIT

Food Processing 353

Tourism 26

Textile 20

Renewable Energy 13

IT and IT enabled services 12

Wood industry 10

Ethenol 12

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
Investment in different sectors:
• The food processing sector is the largest in Bihar, with a total investment of Rs. 3,517.09 crore in 353 operational
units.
• Ethanol production has attracted substantial investments in Bihar in the last few years, due to proactive policy
formulation on bio-fuels by the State government.
o As of September 2024, 12 units were operating in Bihar, and the total investment was Rs. 1,363.38 crore.
o The proposed investment in ethanol production was Rs. 30,747.55 crore, representing 41 percent of the total
proposed investment in Bihar.
• As of September 2024, Rs. 872.94 crore was invested in the cement industry.
• The renewable energy sector has also attracted significant investments in Bihar.
o As of September 2024, 75 investment proposals worth Rs. 10,613.20 crore have received Stage-I clearance.
o In the renewable energy sector, 13 units were operational with an investment amount of Rs. 568.91 crore.
BIHAR INDUSTRIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (BIADA) - BIADA created nine clusters i.e -
1. Bhagalpur,Saharsa and Purnia
2. Gaya
3. Begusarai
4. Patna
5. Darbhanga
6. Hajipur
7. Muzaffarpur
8. Bihta
9. Motipur
• In 2023-24 major Shares of investment came in four types of enterprises -
o Food processing
o General manufacturing
o Plastic and Rubber
o IT
UDYOG MITRA - It assists new entrepreneurs in setting up industries in Bihar by providing advice on project profiles
among other services. In 2023-24 , 2153 entrepreneurs benefited from Udyog Mitra.
Chief Minister’s Scheme to Promote Entrepreneurship - Currently the Mukhyamantri Mahila Udyami Yojana, The
Mukhyamantri Yuva Udyami Yojana,THe Mukhyamantri scheduled caste / scheduled tribes /EBC udyami yojana The
Mukhyamantri Minority Udyami yojana and Bihar Small entrepreneurs yojana are operation in Bihar . in 2023-24 Bihar
small entrepreneurs yojana was most prominent scheme.
• Bihar’s Primary source of revenue generation - Minor minerals .( Among this sand mining is the most important
one)
o State government auction three mineral block -
✓ 2 blocks of iron ores - Jamui
✓ 1 block of limestone - Rohtas
Status of Startups under the Bihar Startup Policy 2022
• The Startup Policy 2022 has been designed on four pillars, acronym as YUVA. The four pillars are:

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
o Yes to startups (awareness, networking, and mentoring campaigns);
o Unleash regulatory enablers for supporting startups;
o Vibrancy in the education system to encourage and facilitate startups; and
o Access to financing and incubation support.
• The State government has signed an MoU with 21 incubation centers at some of the premier educational institutes of
Bihar.
o An internship programme was launched to match-make startups and interns.
• To support startups for scaling up, a provision of Rs. 15 lakh as a post- seed fund has been created.
• The State government has set up 46 startup cells in 38 districts of Bihar.
• To impart skill, a 2-year full-time post-graduate diploma in management (PGDM) course on Innovation,
Entrepreneurship, and Venture Creation was introduced at the Chandragupt Institute of Management Patna (CIMP),
funded by the Startup Bihar.
• The State government has created a 'Fund-of-funds' of Rs. 150 crore in collaboration with the Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
• Apart from that, events such as the Bihar Innovation Challenge'23, the Bihar Startup Awards 23, the Bihar Connect,
the Women for Startups workshop, Ecosystem Building workshops, etc., were conducted in 2023-24.
• Among other achievements, Startup Bihar leaped 'Emerging Ecosystem' to 'Aspiring Leader' in states' startup ranking
by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
• The Startup Bihar became the state partner with the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)
Global Bio-India 2024.
• Moreover, seven industrialists or corporates will mentor the startups in Bihar.
TOURISM -
• Bihar Tourism Policy 2023 aims to integrate the tourism industry with the economic progress of the state.
• Bihar branding and Marketing Policy 2024 promotes national and international tourism. It informs people about the
rich tourism heritage including the Ramayana Circuit, the Buddhist circuit and the Jain circuit.

NUMBER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TOURIST (2023) IN LAKH

Domestic 815.86

Foreign 5.47

Total 821.33

• 497.71 crore approved in 2023-24 for tourism development works -

o Gaya Ji dharamshala - 120.16 crore
o Punaura dham ( sitamarhi ) - 72.47 crore
o Construction of pathway cum shed building for the Vishnupad Temple (Gaya) - 61.97 crore.
• 204.99 crore allocated by state government in 2024-25
o Budget hotel on premises of Hotel Janki Vihar (sitamarhi)-29.87 crore
o Main building for the service plaza and notch (Supaul)- 29.54 crore
o Office building of the Bihar Tourism Development Corporation (Patna)- 28.87 crore

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
ECO-TOURISM-
• Major tourism attractions - Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Rajgir Zoo Safari, Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary.
• In 2023-24 some notable eco-tourism projects
o Construction of a glass bridge and a suspension bridge - Rajgir.
o Developing a park - Gaya, Bodh Gaya and Piparghatti (all in Gaya division) and the Bharkund area ( Aurangabad
division)
• Large number of tourists - Rajgir (three Eco-tourism sites)

Eco- Tourism site and no of visitors (2023-24)

Eco - Tourism Site No. of Visitors

Nature safari , Rajgir 312125

Venuvan, Rajgir 411277

Ghora - Katora and Jay Prakash Udyan , Rajgir 115184

Bihar sharif park 418276

Total 1256862

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

5. LABOUR EMPLOYMENT AND SKILL

Recognising labour as a critical aspect of economic progress , the government of Bihar has taken a multitude of initiatives
to harness its labour resources . The state government has devised a range of policies and programmes that would benefit
every section of the labour force.

LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATES (2023-24)

RURAL URBAN ALL

Male 79.2 71.9 78.5

Female 33.5 18 32

All 56 46.3 55

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES (2023-24)

RURAL URBAN ALL

Male 3.3 6.9 3.6

Female 0.9 9.1 1.4

All 2.6 7.3 3

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS BY BROAD SECTORS (2023-24)

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

Male 42.9 29.6 27.4

Female 81.2 7.5 11.4

All 53.2 23.7 23.1

• For the male workers in Bihar the three most important industries in terms of employment generation - Agriculture ,
Forestry and Fishing employed 42.7%.
• For female workers in Bihar three most important industries in terms of employment generation - Agriculture , Forestry
and Fishing employed 82.1 %.
• PLFS reported that, in Bihar, 90.8 percent of male workers and 78.8 percent of female workers were employed in the
informal sector.
• 61.2 percent of male workers and 83.7 percent of female workers were self- employed.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
o The average gross monthly income of a male self-employed worker in rural Bihar was Rs. 10480.2 compared to
Rs. 11088.0 at the rural India level.
o For a female worker, the average monthly income in rural Bihar was Rs. 4434.8, which is only 42 percent of the
average monthly income of a male self-employed worker.
• In both rural and urban areas, the gender wage gap was significantly high.
o For casual workers in rural Bihar, the average daily earning was Rs. 420 for a male worker and Rs. 339 for a
female worker.
o In urban areas, the average daily earning was Rs. 449 for a male worker and Rs. 369 for a female worker.
SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES FOR WORKERS OF UNORGANISED SECTOR : -
1. Bihar shatabdi unorganised sector workers and artisan social security scheme - To provide social security for
unorganised worker and artisan (18-65 years) in the event of death , disabilities , injuries resulting from accident .
o Accidental death - 200000
o Natural death - 50000
o Permanent Total disability - 100000
o Permanent partial disability - 50000
2. Bihar state migrant labourer accident grant scheme - If a migrant worker dies due to an accident while working
outside Bihar or abroad, the dependents of the deceased will receive 200000 within 180 days following the incident .
o Accidental death - 200000
o Permanent total disability - 100000
o Permanent partial disability - 50000
3. Eradiction of Child labour - Bihar state child labour commission established in 1999. Bihar state child adolescent
labour (prohibition and regulation) rules , 2024 and Bihar state child labour commission (amendment) act , 2024 have been
implemented
o Child labour tracking system (CLTS) software has been introduced to monitor and facilitate the rehabilitation of
rescued child labour .The registered child labour received Rs. 25000 from the chief minister’s relief fund.
4. Employees state insurance scheme (ESIS) - Any establishment with ten or more employees is required to register
under employees state insurance act . Employees contribute 0.75% of their wages and employers contribute 3.25%.
5. Minimum Wage - It increased by 5.7 % under the minimum wages act 1948 for 88 categories .
SKILL DEVELOPMENT - To prepare a skilled workforce to enhance the employability of the working population .

SCHEME OBJECTIVE

Kushal Yuva Programme Designed exclusively for women provide 240 hours of training for employability to youth
(KYP) who are 10th pass and in the age group of 15-28 years .Awarded by SKOCH Award (2023-
24)

Domain Skilling To provide advanced professional training to the worker who meets minimum eligibility
according to course or scheme.

Recruit - Train - Deploy To provide training to candidates (15-45 years)based industry standard specific to industry
(RTD) scheme meets..Awarded by SKOCH Award (2023-24)

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

Recognition of prior Within the framework of the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) , RPL offers
learning (RPL) training to individual (18-59 years) with pre existing knowledge and skill

Sankalp yojana Centrally sponsored scheme and is funded by the World bank . Introduced an innovative
training programme in Bihar .

Rural self- employment Impart skill among youth by conducting entrepreneurship development programme for four
training institutes (RSETI) different purpose namely - Agricultural programme , Product programme , Process
programme and General programme.JEEVIKA is the nodal agency for providing support
to RSETIs in the state

Deen - Dayal Upadhyaya - To provide livelihood by imparting skill to the rural poor youth, JEEVIKA is a
Grameen Kaushalya complementary agency .
Yojana (DDU-GKY)

Other Achievements
• The innovative flagship programmes, like KYP and RTD scheme, have been recognised with the national-level
SKOCH Award in 2023-24. NITI Aayog has also recognised the Kushal Yuva Programme.
• At the 2023 World Skills Competition (considered the Olympics of skill competitions), participants from Bihar won
13 medals, including 4 gold, 2 silver, and 5 bronze.
• In 2023-24, BSDM has organised state-level competitions with the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC).
• Under BS-CFA, a "Mega Skill Centre" in Patna will be established using the hub-and-spoke model.
ISSUANCE OF PASSPORT -
• In last five years -
o People applied for passports - 1703.9 thousand.
o People have receive -1683.1 thousand
• Highest growth in passport application - Banka district (70%)

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

6. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Physical infrastructure brings socio- economic development in the society. The state government has considerably invested
in this sector. As an outcome during the last one and half decades, the transport and communication sector has proved to be
one of the major growth drivers of Bihar's economy. Bihar has also witnessed improvement in rural infrastructure and
development has been recorded in the rural area of the state.
• Growth rate of transport , storage and communication sector - 7.6 % (3rd position)
• As a result of high growth recorded in this sector, the contribution of this sector has gradually increased and reached
Rs. 47,313 crore in 2023-24 from Rs. 17,545 crore in 2011-12 at constant (2011-12) prices.
• The contribution of this sector in the overall GSVA has also gone up by 3.0 percentage points from 7.3 percent in
2011-12 to 10.2 percent in 2023-24.
• The state government has achieved the vision of reaching the state capital “Patna” within 5 hours from any corner of
the state.
Road Network
• In terms of road network, Bihar has around 3 lakh kms of road network and is placed on 8th rank among all Indian
states as of 2019.
• A total of 26 Bharatmala projects have been sanctioned and proposed for Bihar, involving the construction of 1652
kms of road network at an estimated cost of Rs. 49612 crore.
EXPRESSWAY IN BIHAR -
1. VARANASI - RANCHI - KOLKATA EXPRESSWAY -
o Connect 4 states i,e UP, Jharkhand , Bihar , W.Bengal.
o Connect Varanasi to Kolkata through NH-19 , GT road.,
o Passes through Mohania , Rohtas,Sasaram ,Aurangabad ,Gaya.
o Passes throught the Naxalite area and proposed to be greenfield expressway will result in the economic growth
of the backward reason.
2. GORAKHPUR - SILIGURI -
o Connect Gorakhpur to Siliguri through NH-27. Connect 3 state - UP, Bihar,W. bengal.
o Passes through - W.champaran , E.champaran , Sheohar, Sitamarhi , Madhubani , Supaul ,Araria , Kishanganj .
o Enhance the development of under - developed area of Bihar.
3. PATNA -PURNIA EXPRESSWAY -
o Provide direct connectivity between Patna and Purnia .
o Passes through - Patna , Saran ,Vaishali, Samastipur , Begusarai ,Darbhanga ,Saharsa ,Madhepura and purnia.
o Connect approx 6 proposed Airports in future .
4. RAXAUL - HALDIA EXPRESSWAY -
o Connect Raxaul at the Nepal international border to Haldia port.
o Passes through 3 states - Bihar , Jharkhand and W. Bengal.
o Passes through - MUzaffarpur , Sheohar, E. champaran , Sitamarhi , Samastipur , Begusarai , Lakhisarai , Jamui
, Banka.
o This is entirely Greenfield.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

NEW NATIONAL HIGHWAYS

Ara - Parariya - Mohania NH -319 From Zero mile of Ara to NH-02 at Mohania . Upgraded 4- lane
configuration from 2 - lane .
Total length- 115 Kms
Cost - 1616 crore.

Patna - Ring road NH-131G Proposed in four phases-

• First phase from Kanhauli to Ramnagar (39 Kms ) completed.
• 2nd Phase - 6 lane bridge over ganga , From Sherpur (patna) to
Dighwara (saran) is under construction.
• Remaining parts are in the developing Phase .

Ram - Janki Marg Highway From Ayodhya(UP) to Janakpur ( Nepal)

Passes through - Siwan, Sheohar ,Sitamarhi etc.

Patna - Gaya - Dobhi NH-22 Provide connectivity to Bodhgaya.

Passes through - Patna , Jehanabad , Gaya etc.
Length- 127 Kms
Cost- 5579 crore

Amas - Darbhanga NH-119 D Connect Golden Quadrilateral (NH-19) to East -West Corridor (NH-
27) .
Improve connectivity to Gaya , Darbhanga , Samastipur ,Hajipur and
Patna.

Rajauli - Bakhtiyarpur NH-31 Around 107 Kms of length in Bihar.

Aunta - Simaria Highway and 6 - lane bridge Connect north Bihar to South Bihar .
over Ganga at Mokama (NH-31) From Aunta ( Patna) to Simaria ( Begusarai)
Length - 8.15 kms

Galgalia - Araria NH-327E Provides alternative route from Araria on East - West Corridor (NH27)
to the neighbouring state of W. Bengal at Galgalia.
Length - 94 Kms

Sasaram - Ara- Patna NH- 119 A Length - 118 Kms

Cost - 4125 crore

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

Bihar state Highways Project (BSHP)- To broaden the SH network in the entire state , with financial assistance of the
Asian Development Bank in four phases.
Indo - Nepal Border Road project- 2 Lane road of 554 Kms length in Bihar. Passing through 7 districts W. champaran,
E. champaran , Sitamarhi , Madhubani , Supaul, Araria , Kishanganj.This project is targeted to be completed by december
2025.

Projects of BSRDCL ( bihar state road development corporation limited)

J. P. Ganga Path Digha to Didarganj .The stretch of JP Ganga Path from Digha to Kangan Ghat (15
5kms) is now operational .

6 lane Bihar New The ADB assistance is Rs.3000 crore and the rest is from the state government.
Ganga Bridge The total length of this project is 19.76kms . This project is expected to be completed by
September 2025.

Bakhtiyarpur - Construction of greenfield bridge across the Ganga river connecting Bakhtiyarpur bypass of
Tajpur Bridge NH -31 near village Karjan and Tajpur on NH -28. The project is expected to be completed by
February 2026.

Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL)- During the period from 2012-13 to 2023-24 the nigam has
constructed 1112 bridges in the state 1112 bridges. During 2023-24 , 132 new projects costing Rs. 2523.58 crore and for
2024-25(upto 30Th september 2024) 12 new projects worth Rs. 267.30 crore have been allotted to the corporation.

ONGOING AMBITIOUS PROJECTS OF BRPNNL

Double -decker flyover at • From Kargil chowk to NIT more via PMCH
Ashok Rajpath • Cost - 422 crore .
• Lower Deck - 1.5 KM including ascending ramp near Patna college and descending
ramp near BN College

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

• Upper Deck - 2.2 KM including ascending ramp near Kargil chowk and descending
ramp near Patna University and Science College.

Double Decker Flyover in • Chhapra town of Saran district under the Central Road Investment fund at an
Chapra estimated cost of Rs. 411.3 crore.
• Lower deck - 2.8 kms including ascending ramp at Gandhi chowk for vehicles coming
from Garkha , Muzaffarpur sides.

RURAL ROADS NETWORK -

Expenditure on rural road - 28973 crore (2020-25).
Mukhyamantri Gramin Setu Yojana , 2024 - To provide
connectivity in rural areas,Mukhyamantri Gramin Setu Yojana
has been started in 2024 . It will give connectivity to the SH, NH,
MDR and expressways.The rural works department has proposed
construction for around 600 bridges , costing RS.3000 crore in
2024-25.
• Non transport motor vehicles registration - 7 th rank
• Transport motor vehicles registration - 5th rank
Mukhyamantri gram parivahan yojana (MMGPY) -
Development of a strong and efficient transport system for the rural hinterlands is of prime importance for the socio-
economic development of Bihar.
E- governance initiatives - Under e - governance all type of license , vehicle registration and permit fee are paid online
using e- payment on a specific portal.
Mukhyamantri prakhand parivahan yojana (MMPPY) , 2024- It is a flagship programme for providing seamless , fast
and convenient mass transportation system to reach unreachable location .
Bihar clean fuel policy 2019 and 2023 - The state government has issued a notification banning all government vehicles
that are more than 15 years old.Plying of commercial vehicles that are more than 15 years old has been banned in Patna ,
Gaya and Muzaffarpur .
RAILWAY NETWORK -
• Railway track exist in Bihar - 4509 Kms ( till march 2024)
• Percentage of the total track in the country - 3.4 %
AIR TRANSPORTATION -
• The size of air transport in GSVA jumped nine times from Rs.31 crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 282 crore in 2023-24.
• Annual growth - 21 % during 2023-24 compared to previous year.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION -
Some important projects of the Building construction department -

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

BUILDING RELATED DATA

Rajgir Khel Academy - • Budget - 889.26 crore

• Seating capacity - 40000
• expected to complete by 30 / 06/2025

APJ Abdul Kalam Science City - • Budget - 640.55 crore

• expected to complete 30 /11/2025

Bihar Animal Science University (BASU) • Budget - 889.29 crore

• expected to complete by 5/5/2025

Buddha Samyak Darshan and Museum - • Budget - 550.48 crore

• Construction work completed

Bapu Tower - • Budget - 129.38 crore

• Functional since 2/10/2024

POSTAL INFRASTRUCTURE _
• A total of 46 postal export centres are functioning under Bihar Postal Circle, from where material is dispatched to
more than 200 countries.
• In order to make passport issuance easy ,35 post office passport seva kendras are functioning in Bihar as of march
2023.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

7. CHAPTER VII: E-GOVERNANCE

The fundamental objectives of the state government in terms of e- governance are to achieve excellence with innovation in
public administration and development with inclusive growth, equality and fairness. The government machinery has been
strengthened with many ICT initiatives for delivering good governance.
• The Emergency Response Support System is effectively operational in the state. The control and command centre
receives around 68.000 calls per day.
o The response time of the ERSS team is 15 minutes, which rescues people in an emergency.
• E-Shikshakosh serves as a single centralized dynamic platform for monitoring all key parameters to ensure the
effective delivery of quality education to all the schools in the state.
• 'BHAVYA', is a one-stop digital platform that supports everyday functions at the government health facilities of Bihar
and streamlines the OPD and IPD functionalities, right from a patient's registration till discharge.
• The land record management system, public distribution system, direct benefit transfers and many other initiatives
relevant to citizens of the state.
Coverage of Basic ICT Infrastructure in Bihar (as of March 2024)

Teledensity 55.59

Internet Density 42.1

Panchayat Onboard (%) 100

Some important initiatives of IT department

Bihar state data centre (BSDC 2.0) To provide efficient , secure and reliable digital services
and DR

Bihar state wide area network A network highway that provides uninterrupted voice, video and data
(BSWAN 2.0) connectivity services .

Secretariat local area network To enhance and strengthen the existing secretariat network that serves as the
backbone for communications throughout the secretariat and other important
government buildings in Patna.

Bihar Adhar authentication An umbrella framework that enables all Adhar- based transactions .
framework (BAAF)

Mobile service delivery gateway Bihar is the leading state in terms of push SMS usage through MSDG.
(MSDG)

Skilling in IT and ITes Domain DIT is currently providing technical skills training throughout the state for
employability of youth.

National Institute of Electronics and It is located at Bihta (Patna), Buxar and Muzaffarpur. Nearly 5000 youths
Information Technology (NIELIT) receive training at NIELIT centres every year.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

SOME IMPORTANT E-GOVERNANCE PROGRAMMES RELATED TO LAW AND ORDER

Crime and criminal tracking It improves the delivery of citizen - centric services by creating a platform for
network and system (CCTNS) sharing crime and criminal information on a real time basis across the police
station in the country.

Chakra Its important features - include powered criminal registration and search
platform for Bihar police.

Traffic signals Integration with To create a safe , secure and empowering environment for citizens in public
surveillance and CCTV operations places in 9 cities in Bihar - Begusarai , Bettiah ,Chhapra , Darbhanga , Dehri ,
(TISCO) Gaya, Munger ,Purnia and Saharsa.

e-Courts Project It is one of the National e-Governance projects being implemented in District /
Subordinate courts across the country.

Integrated criminal justice system With the aid of the ICJS platform , the metadata of the first information reports
(ICJS) (FIR) and Chargesheets can be accessed by courts.

e- Prisons It has covered the entire lifestyle of the prisoners in all 59 prisons of Bihar since
2016

FASTER system e-authenticated copies of interim orders, stay orders , bail orders and records of
proceeding from the court are transmitted to the jail administration for
compliance and due execution.

e- sakshya platform This app is intended to record the process for three purpose-
• scene for crime videography
• search and seizure videography
• search by police officer videography

e- panchayat It is developed for facilitating payment under the sixth state finance commission
award.

PROMOTION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -

• Project management information system (PMIS)- In order to
monitor real time progress of the ongoing projects , infrastructure
sector like roads and bridges etc utilises PMIS.
• I-GRAM (integrated GIS-based road assets management
system) - This is a GIS - based project which aims to digitise the
data of various roads under the road construction department and
display that on I-GRAM.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
• Integrated Mining Management Information system ( IMMIS) - It is a web - based platform for bringing efficiency
and transparency to mineral administration in the state .
• Land settlement and Record updation - In 2024 the department took lots of ICT initiatives to enhance the
transparency in automated process further and to intervene in the untouched sectors in revenue where IT and ICT
penetration can change the game,like Land Acquisition , Consolidation and also in the ongoing Bihar special land
survey.
• ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR - The major initiatives of the department include -M- parivahan ,Digilocker, Vahan,
Sarathi, OGRAS, E- challan system etc.
• ENABLING FISCAL GOVERNANCE - Comprehensive financial management system, Value added tax
management information system , GST single sign - on ,GAIN portal, e-stamping and Property tax system are some
of the important initiatives .

AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS

Agricultural single window The primary goal of this project is to address inefficiencies and transparency issues in
the previous system .

BIHAN app The platform has optimized crop target projections , monitored pest incidences, tracked
pesticide consumption and provided market price analysis.

DBT to farmers A sum of Rs.120.83 crore of Krishi input subsidy to 1.87 lakh beneficiaries as well as
Rs.55.50 crore of diesel subsidy have been transferred to 20.93 lakh beneficiaries in
2024-25.

Mukhyamantri Harit Krishi A mobile application has been developed to support farmers in availing agricultural
Sanyantra Yojana equipment under this yojana.

EMERGENCY E-SERVICE-
• Disaster management tracking and alert - BIhar faces multiple hazards and shocks . In order to carry out rescue and
relief activities through relief centres , community kitchen , health centres , cold wave shelters etc., an emergency
operation centre (EOC) multi- hazard portal has been developed to record daily activities.
• Decision Support system (DSS) - The decision support system is a web and mobile platform for efficient disaster
management .
• Physical Modelling Centre (PMC) at Birpur - With the help of WOrld bank assisted Bihar Kosi basin development
project ,the government is setting up a Physical Modelling Centre ai Birpur (Supaul) as centre of excellence for
research and development under the water resources department.
• Mathematical Modelling Center (MMC) - Flood forecasting is being done with a lead time 72 hours and 120 hours
(in developing phase) for five river basins namely - Gandak ,Bagmati -Adhwara , Kosi ,Mahananda and Ganga.
GREEN INITIATIVES - FMIS, Bihar -VanMitra App, VanApp Mobile app for plantation and nursery Monitoring ,Bird
Ringing Monitoring System( BRMS) Mobile app ,Web portal for Wood - based industry Registration etc are some most
important green initiatives .

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

8. POWER SECTOR
Energy plays a crucial role in driving economic and social development . Bihar achieved 100 % household electrification
in 2018. The consumer base has now crossed 2.12 crore, with peak power demand reaching a new record of 8005 MW in
2024. Urban areas in Bihar now receive nearly 24 hours power supply, while rural areas get around 22 hours per day on an
average.
• Per capita energy consumption - 363 Kwh (2023-24)
(increase 229 kwh in 12 years)
• Aggregate technical and commercial losses -
21.74%(2023-24)
• Grid Substation - 170 (in October 2024)
• Length of transmission line - 20393 km (2024)
• Subsidized rate for agricultural sector - Rs.0.55/kWh
(92%)
AWARDS-
• North Bihar power distribution company - Global CSR
Award 2024 in the ‘CSR needs of the community and region of the year’ category.
• Bihar state power (holding) Company limited (BSPHCL) - SKOCH Gold award .
• Bihar’s state Load Dispatch Centre - 3rd LDC excellence award 2024 .
DEMAND AND SUPPLY -
• The state recorded an energy surplus of 4034 MU in 2022-23.
• The peak demand increased by almost 1.4 times during 2017-18 to 2023-24.
• Power supply increased by 1.5 times during 2017-18 to 2023-24.
• Average power availability during 2021-22 in urban areas- 23.1 hours and in rural areas 21-22 hours.
CONSUMPTION OF POWER -
• The state has witnessed a steady growth in new electricity connections, which has recorded an increase of 17 percent
during the period of 2011-12 to 2023-24.
o A total of 38 lakh electricity consumers existed in 2012, which increased by nearly 7 times in the same period.
o The domestic sector has the largest consumers of electricity that accounts for 88.5% of the total consumers,
followed by commercial consumers (7.5%).
• The number of agriculture consumers has also increased appreciably due to implementation of the Mukhyamantri
Krishi Vidyut Sambandh Yojana (MKVSY).
o It increased by 289 percent during the four years, from 2.28 lakh in 2018-19 to 6.61 lakh in 2023-24.
• Domestic consumer - 41% of total power consumption.
• Agricultural consumption - 13%.
• Non- domestic consumers (such as industrial & commercial etc) - 46%
ENERGY REQUIREMENT - 2025-26
• Industrial , commercial etc - 22046 Mega unit
• Total domestic requirement -19055 Mega unit
• Agricultural connection - 8297 Mega unit
• Power requirement in 2024 -25 - 49438 MU which is estimated to increase to 53920 MU in 2025-26.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
POWER GENERATION- A total 12058 MW power generation has been planned for 2024-25. To meet the increased
demand for power , the state government planned additional capacity of 1112 MW.
• Composition of energy - In 2025-26 (projected)
o Thermal energy - 66.6%
o Renewable energy - 33.4%
CONVENTIONAL / THERMAL POWER - The three Power generation units of the state government - Barauni thermal
power station (BTPS), Kanti Bijli Utpadan Nigam limited (KBUNL) and Nabinagar power generating Company limited (
NPGCL) .
• Two more power generation units viz. Nabinagar thermal power project (stage II) and Buxar thermal power project
are in progress.

OPERATIONAL THERMAL POWER STATIONS

Barauni thermal power • It has 9 separate units. In which 5 are not in service anymore. 4 units are functional.
station

Kanti Bijli Utpadan • It was earlier a joint venture between NTPC and BSPGCL with an equity partnership
Nigam Limited (KBUNL) in ratio 65:35.
• The two old units are not in use now and the two additional units of 195 MW each
were completed and some have started producing electricity.

Nabinagar Plant (stage I) • Initially it was a joint venture between NTPC and BSPGCL having an equity share
ratio of 50:50 but now it is fully owned by NTPC.
• Unit no 1, 2 and 3 each of 660 MW is operational .
• Further under stage II 3 units of 800 MW each are planned to be installed at
Nabinagar.
o Bihar expected to get 1500 MW from the new plant.

UPCOMING THERMAL POWER PROJECTS

Power Project in Buxar • M/S Satluj Jal vidyut nigam limited (SJVNL) is the executing agency for the
construction of a greenfield power project at Chausa (Buxar) having two units of 660
MW each.
• Unit 1 is expected to be commissioned in 2024-25 and unit 2 by 2025-26. Bihar will
get 85% of the generated power.

Ultra -Mega Power • A proposal has been prepared to set up an ultra mega power project in Banka with a
Project (Banka) capacity of around 4000 MW.
• The union minister of power has allocated Pirpati and Barahat coal blocks for the
project. Bihar will get 2000 MW power from this project.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
NON - CONVENTIONAL ENERGY -
SOLAR ENERGY -
• The strategy of the Jal -Jeevan - Hariyali Mission launched in 2019 is to generate an additional 150-200 MW of solar
power with 50 MW already operational . The state has a grand plan to establish around 1 GW of renewable energy.To
encourage the adaptation of renewable energy Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency (BREDA) is
established.
• Some activities being carried out by BREDA -
o Grid-connected rooftop solar power plant at government building under Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali mission
phase -I - Between 2018-19 and 2024-25 a total 2589 solar power plants have been installed , having a total
capacity of 22MW at a cost of Rs.100 crore.
✓ Under 'Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Mission' Phase-II, Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plants are being
installed by BREDA, with system capacity of 2 to 500 KWp on government buildings under different
departments.
o Grid-connected rooftop solar power plants at private buildings - A total of 113 solar power plants installed
having 583KWp capacity at the cost of Rs.3.08 crore.
o Floating solar power plant -
✓ Raja Pokhara (Supaul) - 525 KWp at the cost of 3 crore.
✓ Naka No 1 (Darbhanga)- 1600 KWp at the cost of 8.55 crore
o Solar street light -
✓ Under the Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission 1629 solar street light system installed in four district
(Gaya,Rohtas,Kaimur,Saharsa).
✓ Under the Mukhyamantri Gramin Solar Street Light Yojana in every ward , 10 Solar street lights are to be
installed by Panchayati Raj Department with technical support from BREDA.
HYDRO POWER -
The Bihar State Hydroelectric Power Corporation(BSHPC) has been created to manage the growth of hydroelectric power
initiatives in the state.
• Currently there are 13 operational mini and small hydel projects in Bihar, boasting a combined capacity of 54.3 MW.
• 11 more mini hydel power projects (9.3 MW capacity) are being constructed by BSHPC.
o Mahananda river, Burhi Gandak and Gandak river basin -The sites and capacity of the project have been
identified , which together have an installed capacity of 160.1 MW.
o Solar plants on vacant and unused spaces of Hydel projects - BSHPC has decided to install solar plants on
the rooftops of buildings of powerhouses, vacant lands etc for generation of 10MW of solar power through
BREDA.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SCHEMES -
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram jyoti Yojana
• Rural electrification - Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
• Integrated Power Development Scheme
• Pradhan mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana
• One Nation , One Tariff
• PM surya ghar : Muft bijlee yojana

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BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

STATE GOVERNMENT SCHEMES -

• Smart metering with prepaid Functionality
• MUkhyamantri Krishi Vidyut Sambandh Yojana
CITIZEN FRIENDLY SERVICES -
• Bill through SMS on missed call
• Suvidha mobile app - All supply divisions have established SUVIDHA counters . These counters serve as a single
window interface between service provider and consumers.
• Self - generation of electricity Bill
• RAID and FIR management system - A separate whatsapp number has been provided for lodging complaints
exclusively related to power theft.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

9. RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Bihar’s progress is deeply tied to the social and economic advancement of its rural areas , which house a significant portion
of the state's population.It is vital for the state’s progress as agriculture, a cornerstone of the rural economy ,is the second
largest contributor to Bihar’s GSDP after the service sector.
• Percentage of rural development expenditure in total expenditure -
o 10.35 % (2023-24 RE)
o
9.72% (2024-25 BE)
JEEVIKA -
• The Bihar Livelihoods Promotion Society or JEEVIKA , is a registered body working under the rural development
department.
• As of September 2024 -
• No of SHGs - 1063.5 thousand
• Village organizations (VOs) - 71.1 thousand
• The Didi ki Rasoi initiative by JEEVIKA promotes a community based canteen model in BIhar .
• JEEVIKA also seeks to improve the livelihoods of SHG members running kirana stores and grocery shops by
establishing a network of 100 stores and forming direct partnership with market companies.
• In 2024-25 through different forms of intervention JEEVIKA has achieved significant milestones in agriculture ,
livestock and allied sectors.

FARM INTERVENTIONS

Enhancing Agricultural • In 2024-25 the improvement production practices were adopted by 14.72 lakh
Productivity paddy farmers and 10.78 lakh vegetable farmers.
• Kitchen garden gained popularity with 17.76 lakh farmers
• 5.84 lakh farmers cultivated maize.

Farm Value Chain • JEEVIKA empowers small and marginal women farmers by establishing Women
Intervention Farmer Producer Companies .
• This company's products are marketed under the brand “Green Delights”.

Neera Intervention • Neera is a traditional drink.As of september 2024 ,1.53 crore litres of Neera was
collected and 1.48 crore litres were sold.

Custom Hiring Centers • JEEVIKA, in collaboration with the Agriculture Department, operates 513 CHCs
(CHCs) and Village Tool across Bihar to provide farmers with essential machinery for efficient harvesting
Banks: and post-harvesting activities.

Agri-entrepreneurs Initiative: • This initiative empowers rural youth by training them as Agri Entrepreneurs
(AEs) to provide essential agricultural services to local farmers.

NON - FARM INVENTIONS -

• Incubation programme - Funded by the world bank under NRLM.This programme generated employment as full
time jobs increased by 56 %, part time jobs increased by 38% and seasonal employment increased by 71 %.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
• Pradhan Mantri Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme: Launched under the
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, this scheme aims to enhance
competitiveness and formalize the unorganized food processing sector.
o With a budget of Rs.10,000 crore for 2020-25, it supports agri-food processing groups, including FPOs, SHGs,
and cooperatives.
• Start-Up Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP): SVEP assists SHG members in establishing small non-
farm enterprises, offering financing through the Community Enterprise Fund and business support services.
• Bag Cluster Unit in Muzaffarpur: The Bag Manufacturing Cluster in Bela, Muzaffarpur, is a successful public-
private partnership involving the Department of Industries, JEEVIKA, and corporate partners.
• One stop facility centre - Implemented in 50 blocks across 12 districts .
• Art and craft - JEEVIKA has mobilized over 4100 artisans into producer groups across 20 districts supporting them
with finance , training and marketing .
Women - led Individual financing for enterprise promotion - To
encourage women’s entrepreneurship JEEVIKA initiated a pilot project
in 2023-24 to promote individual financing for women - led enterprises.
• The initiative was piloted in Patna , Vaishali and Nalanda and
extended to 70 blocks in 14 districts.
• By September 2024, 4846 enterprises had been sanctioned loans by
the bank
MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT
GUARANTEE SCHEME (MGNREGS) -
• The MGNREGS aim to guarantee the right to work.
• The scheme annually ensures at least 100 days of unskilled wage employment to rural households.
Employment data
• Issued the highest number of job cards - East Champaran and Samastipur.
• Highest percentage share of SC household -Gaya, Aurangabad and supaul
• High demand for employment - Jehanabad,Sheohar , Saharsa
• Highest proportion of household getting 100 days of employment - Sheohar and Saharsa
• Highest person days of employment generated - Gaya , East champaran sanctioned
• The share of women in the total employment generated exceeded 50 % in most of the district with exception such as
Patna, Bhojpur, Buxar, Rohtas, Kaimur, Arwal, Aurangabad, Gopalganj And Bhagalpur.
• Majority of the work was carried out under the category of individual land development (73.9%)
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) and Homestead Land Distribution Scheme
• Launched in 2016 to provide "Housing for All" in rural India by 2024.
• Under PMAY-G, the Central and the State governments share the cost of housing in a 60:40 ratio.
• For 2023-24, a budgetary provision of Rs. 200 lakh was made, with Rs. 197 lakh allocated.
• The Abhiyan Basera Programme in Bihar is an initiative to provide housing rights to economically weaker sections,
particularly landless and homeless families.
• The land revenue collected in the State has nearly doubled, rising from Rs. 208.7 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 410.1 crore
in 2023-24, reflecting an impressive increase of 96.5 percent.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (PDS) -
• Bihar manages one of India's largest Public PDS with 49400 outlets under the Antyodaya and National Food Security
Act .
• The number of PDS outlets increased from 48512 in 2021 to 49400 in2024.
• The total number of Fair Price Shop in the state is 53165 out of which 49400 are operational. 3765 sanctioned FPS
were vacant accounting for 7% of the total sanctioned FPS.
• Bhojpur ,Saran and Sheohar have no vacant FPS whereas Bhagalpur (387) and West Champaran (318) have the highest
number of vacant FPS.
• Among the 38 districts, 28 achieved a 100 % lifting of wheat while 27 reached the same for rice .
• The lowest lifting of wheat was recorded in Kaimur (90.4%)
• To enhance efficiency and transparency in the PDS, several measures have been implemented:
o Fully autonomous creation of store issue orders and automated matching of shopkeepers' payments with the bank
account for food grain purchases.
o Electronic weighing machines are installed for accurate measurement of food grains supplied to shopkeepers.
o Use of GPS and load cells in transport vehicles as per Section 12(2)(e) of the National Food Security Act, with
real-time monitoring from control rooms at district offices and headquarters.
o Automatic SMS notifications to inform beneficiaries about food distribution.
o Ensuring transparency and accountability through the Management Information Systems (MIS) under Article
12(2)(a) of the National Food Security Act.
o A dedicated help desk for resolving technical issues and computerized management of food grain inventory in
warehouses.
PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS (PRI) -
• PRI played a crucial role in decentralization in Bihar ensuring participation at the grassroots level.Bihar implemented
the three tier PRI system.

NUMBER OF PANCHAYAT RAJ SAMITI (2024-25 upto september 2024)

ITEM No.

Zila parishad 38

Panchayat samiti 533

Gram panchayat 8053

• Gram. Panchayat - Between 2019-20 and 2023-24 expenditure at the gram panchayat level declined by 9.1%.
However from 2021-22 to 2023-24 it saw a significant increase of 54%.
• Panchayat Samiti - Expenditure in Panchayat samiti level witnessed a substantial increase of 906.8% from 2019-20
to 2023-24.
• Zila parishad - Expenditure at this level also increased significantly by 342.8% from 2019-20 to 2023-24.
• PANCHAYAT SARKAR BHAWAN (PSB) - A total amount of Rs.1000 Crore is being provided to the Local Area
Engineering Organization from the state plan head in 2023-24 to construct PSBs. Further Rs. 636 Crore has been

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
available from state plan head in 2024-25. As of September 2024 1474 PSBs have been completed and 1463 have been
handed over to the respective Panchayats.
• GRAM KACHAHARI IN BIHAR - To empower Gram Kachaharis and strengthen the judicial system at the
grassroots, the State government has implemented continuous measures.
o With the assistance of village court secretaries and Nyaya Mitras (legal friends), many local disputes are resolved
effectively.
o Most local disputes in villages are now being settled through Gram Kachaharis which are authorized under the
Bihar Panchayat Raj Act, 2006, to handle specific civil and criminal cases.
✓ Criminal Jurisdiction: Under Section 106 of the Act, Gram Kachaharis can adjudicate offenses under 40
bailable sections of the Indian Penal Code.
✓ Civil Jurisdiction: As per Section 110, Gram Kachaharis are empowered to hear and resolve civil disputes.
o Between 2021-22 and 2023-24 Gram kachaharis successfully executed 69,725 out of 83657 civil cases and 62111
out of 71160 criminal cases.
✓ In 2006 women comprised 46.99 % of total Panchs and Sarpanchs which rose to 59.55% in 2021.
• IMPLEMENTATION OF SAAT NISHCHAY -2 OF ATMNIRBHAR BIHAR -2 -
Saat nischay -2 of Atmnirbhay Bihar -2 (2020-2025) programme are currently under implementation. They include - Solar
street light scheme, Solid and liquid waste management, Solar Water pump system, Maintenance of existing infrastructure
etc.
• SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJEE RURBAN MISSION (SPMRM) - This mission was launched in 2015-16 to
develop 11 clusters in Bihar.
o These clusters located in rural areas, are experiencing urban growth but lack civil facilities.
o From 2020-21 to 2024-25 (up to Sept. 2024) the number of proposed works surged from 579 to 2623.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

10. URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Bihar, one of India’s most populous states, is undergoing rapid urbanization although its urbanization rate remains at 11.3%,
which is significantly lower than the national average of 31.2 %. To tackle urban challenges and improve infrastructure, the
state government has substantially increased the budget by 227.3%.
• Key initiatives include projects under Atmnirbhar Bihar Saat Nishchay -2, such as storm water drainage systems,
Mokshdham construction, shelters for the elderly, and the Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyjal Nischay Yojana.
• Patna has the highest increase in urban population in number from 1684 thousand to 2079 thousand (grew by 395
thousand) between 2011 to 2024.
• REORGANIZATION OF URBAN LOCAL BODIES -

No. AND POPULATIONS OF GRAM PANCHAYAT UPGRADED TO NEW AREA COUNCIL

Number / Population Nagar Panchayat Nagar Parishad Total

Gram Panchayat fully included (No) 116 25 141

Gram Panchayat partially included (No) 45 12 57

Population Before Upgradation (in lakh ) 10.41 2.86 13.27

Population after upgradation (in lakh) 12.85 4.27 17.12

Change (in lakh) 2.44 1.41 3.85

ATMNIRBHAR BIHAR SAAT NISHCHAY -2

• Storm water drainage scheme - The estimated cost of implementing the Storm water Drainage Scheme is Rs.957.51
crore . To further expand this initiatives 11 additional cities have been included. The approval budget for this is Rs.
1034.68 crore.
• Mokshsham yojana-The state government has approved the construction of crematoriums in 39 cities and at important
river ghats . For this purpose the state government has allocated Rs.234.16 crore for 39 ULBs.
• Construction of shelter for old age people - The state government has launched the Mukhyamantri Vruddhajan
ashray Sthal Yojana.For this in 2023-24 Rs,19.68 crore has allocated to the municipal bodies .A Total provision of
Rs.20 crore has been made under the scheme for the financial year 2024-25.
• Mukhyamantri samagra shahari Vikas Yojana -the state government launched Mukhyamantri Samagra shahari
Vikas Yojana in 2024-25. Under the scheme an allocation of Rs.500 crore will be made annually for 2024-25 and
2025-26 from the state plan.
• Bihar state housing board - The HOusing board has made significant progress in revenue collection over the past
year leading to a substantial increase in its income .
o In 2022-23 and 2023-24 the total revenue receipts were Rs.51.41 crore and 63.26 crore respectively .
o For 2024-25 the revenue target set as Rs.73.80 crore.
• Patna metropolitan Area Authority - The Patna master plan 2031 is being implemented by the Patna metropolitan
REgion Authority. The plan encompasses an area of 1167 sq.km which includes 7 urban areas - Patna municipal
corporation, Danapur municipal council, Khagaul municipal council, Phulwari municipal council, Maner nagar

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
Panchayat, Naubatpur Nagar Panchayat and Fatuha Nagar Panchayat along with 575 revenue village and 13 CD
blocks.
o As part of the map approval process in the Patna Metropolitan region 6401.14 sq meters of land have been
transferred to the relevant authority.
Some Centre and state specific urban development programmes are -
• Deendayal Antyodaya yojana- National Urban Livelihood Mission (DAY-NULM),Housing for all (urban ), National
Mission for clean Ganga, Swachh bharat mission Urban 2.0, Solid waste management , public toilet , National Action
for mechanized sanitation ecosystem (NAMASTE), AMRUT Smart city mission etc.
• Housing for all (urban)- Each beneficiary receive a grant of Rs. 2 Lakh shared in a 75:25 ratio between central and
state government .Total expenditure upto september 2024 was Rs. 3893.21 crore.
• Clean survey 2023 -
o Patna municipal corporation - Rank 77 (out of 446 cities in India). Among the city along the Ganga river Patna
ranked 12th.
o Supaul Municipal council - Cleanest city category among cities with population exceeding one lakh in the state,
,One star rating under the garbage free city initiative .
• Smart city Mission - Four cities -Bhagalpur, Muzaffarpur ,Patna and Bihar Sharif have been designated for
development as smart city under this mission.For this in 2024-25 Rs. 640 crore has been allocated.
o A total of Rs. 826.82 crore has been released to the Bhagalpur smart city.
o Patna has received Rs.497.53 crore .
• National Mission for Clean Ganga: In Bihar, solid waste management, sewerage networks, interception and
diversion systems, drainage (including STP), riverfront development, and crematoria were funded under the National
Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG).
• Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0: The Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0 was launched on October 2, 2019, and
will continue until October 1, 2026, with the goal of making municipal bodies garbage-free.
• Solid Waste Management :
o Six cities, including Muzaffarpur and Bodh Gaya, are being developed as Model Towns for comprehensive waste
management.
o Efforts to remediate legacy waste are ongoing in several cities, and the 'Swachhangini Project' empowers women
in slums by providing them with sewer cleaning training and equipment.
o All municipal bodies have now achieved Open Defecation-Free (ODF) status.
o The Safai Mitra Suraksha Challenge was launched to safeguard sanitation workers, with an allocation of Rs.
16.52 lakh per entity designated for the construction of Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and compost plants.
• Capacity Building : Capacity building is also an integral aspect of the mission, aimed at equipping sanitation workers,
municipal officials (including Junior Engineers and Assistant Engineers), and women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) with
the skills needed for effective waste management.
• Clean Survey 2023
o The Patna Municipal Corporation has secured first place in the Cleanest City category among cities with
populations exceeding one lakh in the state. Additionally, it has been awarded the highest Water+ certification
under the Open Defecation-Free category and has received a one-Star Rating under the Garbage-Free City
initiative.
o In 2023, Patna ranked 77th out of 446 cities nationwide.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
o The Supaul Municipal Council, which has a population of under one lakh, was recognized in the Cleanest City
category and received a one-Star Rating under the Garbage-Free City initiative.
o Overall, 85 municipal bodies in Bihar have been certified ODF, 56 have received ODF certification, and Patna is
the only municipal body to have earned the Water+ certification.
• PATNA METRO RAIL PROJECT - The Patna Metro Rail Project has been initiated under a tripartite agreement
signed between the central government , state government and Patna metro rail corporation limited.Under this
proposed project two corridors have been selected for the patna metro.
o Corridor -I has a total length of 17.93 km while Corridor -II is 14.57 km.
o As of now Rs. 3402.09 crore has been allocated for the project , comprising Rs. 872.50 crore from the central
government and Rs.2529.59 crore from state government .
o For 2024-25 , a provision of Rs.380 crore has been made for the project.
• METRO RAIL PROPOSAL FOR FOUR CITIES-
o Metro rail proposal for Bihar's densely populated cities Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur.
o The feasibility of operating metro rail system for these four cities proposed by the department has been thoroughly
studied and the state government approved the proposal in september 2024.
• ADVERTISEMENTS AND OTHER POLICIES - To implement the provisions of the Bihar Municipality act 2007
and in accordance with section 419 of the act , the Bihar municipality area advertisement rules 2023 have been finalized
to regulate the display of advertisement and similar devices within the municipal areas throughout the state,
o With the enactment of the Bihar Municipality area advertisement rules,2023 the display of advertisement in urban
area of the state will be regulated , resulting in increased revenue for municipality.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

11. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Financial institutions play a crucial role in the economy by providing the necessary capital for growth and investment while
facilitating financial transactions .With advancement in technology , these institutions have improved access to financing
across the state through both bank branches and digital platforms.
31 March 2020 to 31 March 2024 -
• No. of CSP’s ( customer service point ) or Bank mitra - increased from 20994 to 57589 (growth rate 174.3%).
• Full service bank branches no . increased from 7589 to 8045 (growth rate 6%).
• Mobile banking user - 48 lakh to 162.9 lakh (239.3%)
• Internet banking user - 57 lakh to 153.3 lakh (168.9%)
• No of ATM card issued - increased by 41.9 %
• No of POS machines operated by bank - increased by 45.9 %
As on march 31, 2024 -
• Commercial bank - 5308 ( have largest network )
• RRBs - 2105
• Cooperative bank - 290
• Small finance bank - 342
From March 2021 - March 2024-
• Branches located in rural area - 46.9% (Growth rate - 1%)
• Branches located in semi -urban area - 31.7 % (Growth rate - 9.7%)
• Branches located in urban area - 21.4% (Growth rate - 6.4% )
REGIONAL RURAL BANKS - 2105
• Dakshin Bihar Gramin bank - 1078
o In rural area - 813
o Semi -urban Area - 204
• Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank -1027
o Rural area - 637
o Semi - urban area - 346
ATM -
• From september 2020 to September 2024, average number of ATM per branch has decrease from 0.9 to 0.8 .However
the number of ATM per branch for the State Bank of India has increased from 2.3 to 2.7.
• For private sector banks, the average number of ATMs per
branch has changed from 1.1 in september 2023 to 0.9 in
september 2024.
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFI) -
• MFIs offer small loans to low - income households at the
bottom of the economic pyramid.While their interest rate is
higher than those of scheduled commercial banks
(SCBs).Various entities involved in microfinance in India
include NBFC-MFIs, banks,small finance banks and nonprofit
MFIs.

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
• In Bihar the number of NBFC-MFI lenders rose from 42 in March 2022 to 64 in March 2024.
• The number of NGO-MFI lenders in Bihar grew from 4 in March 2022 to 11 in March 2024
• Bihar’s share in total active MFI loans across India has increased from 14.4 % on March 31, 2023 to 15 % by March
31,2024.
DEPOSITS, CREDITS AND CREDIT -DEPOSIT RATIO -
DEPOSITS AND CREDIT OF SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS (31 MARCH 2024)

Deposits (Rs.’000 crore) 524.3 (2.5)

Credits (Rs. ‘000 crore) 276.8 (1.6)

CD ratio 52.8
• CD ratio of RRBs (30 september 2024)- 60.8
o CD of Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank - 74.7
o CD of Dakshin Bihar Gramin Bank - 49.4
• Highest CD ratio - Purnea (92.3)
• Lowest CD ratio - Munger (33.5)
ANNUAL CREDIT PLAN (ACP)
• The achievement of ACP target was - 96.3% (2023-24)
• In 2023-24 total allocation of the ACP to the Priority sector - 2 lakh crore (77.2% of overall ACP target )
• Among priority sector agriculture received the largest share of the ACP target - Rs.0.94 lakh crore.
• Fiscal year 2023-24 total ACP target - 2.6 lakh crore
o Commercial bank - 81.9%
o RRBs - 11.9%
o Cooperative bank - 2.3%
KCC -
• New KCC issued by the banks in 2023-24 - 167709 (Target - 615488)
o By commercial bank - 90110
o By RRBs - 75338
o By Cooperative bank - 2261
NON- PERFORMING ASSETS OF BANKS -
• NPA refers to loans from banks and financial institutions that are no longer generating income .
• An asset is classified as NPA when the borrower fails to pay the principal and interest for at least 90 days.
BANK GROUP WISE NPA (in %)

Bank March 2023 March 2024

Commercial bank 7.5 5.9

Cooperative bank 2.7 7.1

RRBs 30.4 23.8

Small finance bank 1.9 1.9

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

SECTOR-WISE PERCENTAGE NPAs OF BANKS

SECTOR March 2023 March 2024

Agriculture 21.5 18.1

MSME 9.9 7.8

Other Priority Sectors 4.2 3.2

Total priority sector 15 12.2

Non- priority sector 1.1 1.2

Total 9.3 7.5

NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (NABARD) -

• NABARD plays an essential role in promoting the development of agriculture , agro - industries , and rural crafts. The
total financial support provided by NABARD is categorized into three main areas - Crop loans , investment credit
refinances and sanctions for credit support to the Rural infrastructure development fund (RIDF),the Warehouse
Infrastructure fund (WIF),and the Food Processing Fund (FPF).
• The interest rate on these loans is set at the bank rate minus 1.5 % point.

SECTOR WISE REFINANCING BY NABARD (2023-24)

Crop loan 2300

Investment credit Refinance 2362

RIDF+WIF+FPF sanction 1934

Total financial support 6596

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25

12. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Human development emphasizes on people and their capabilities to assess development . It covers not only the economic
growth and sharing, but also all kinds of human needs. In the contemporary era, human development is the greater need of
the hour. There are 6 basic pillars of Human development, namely, equity, sustainability, productivity, empowerment,
welfare and security.
• Public expenditure on socal sector including health and education is amajor concern to improve the Human
development index.
o Expenditure on social service has increased 13 times between 2005-06 and 2023-24.
o Expenditure on health increased 13 times .
o Expenditure on education increased 10 times.

Population projection for Bihar

2011 2021 2031 2041

Bihar’s Population (In lakh) 1041 1230 1395 1534

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 BIHAR ECONOMIC SURVEY 2024 - 25
Fertility by Education Level of Women
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a measure of the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her entire
reproductive period (15 to 49 years).
• The education level of females has a direct impact on fertility.
• In 2015, TFR was 3.7 for India and 4.2 for Bihar respectively. Similarly, in 2020, though the overall TFR has decreased
it is still high at 3.1 for India and 3.8 for Bihar.
Changing age composition -
• The share of the young population i.e. 0-19 years is projected to drop from as high as 49.4% in 2011 to 30.1% by 2041.
• On the other hand, the share of elderly, 60 years and above, is projected to increase from 7.4 % in 2011 to 11.6% by
2041.
• Bihar’s demographic dividend will peak around 2041, when the share of working age i.e. 20-59 years population is
expected to hit 58.3% from 43.2% in 2011.
Health indicator in Bihar -
• Life Expectancy At Bihar (LEB) changed from 65.8 in 2006-10 to 69.5 years in 2016-20.

LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (2016-20)

Male Female All

69.7 69.2 69.5

Health Indicators

A/U/R Crude Infant Child Under -five Neonatal Peri -natal

Birth rate Mortality Rate mortality rate mortality rate mortality rate Mortality rate

All 25.5 27 6.9 30 21 17

Rural 26.2 27 7 31 22 18

Urban 21 25 6.5 27 17 12

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• In 2023 the number of patient visiting hospitals per month was 10914 denoting an increase of 92.01% over 5684 in
2020.Moreover it is markable to note that between April and september 2024 the average number of patient visiting
hospital each month was even higher at 11705.
o In 2024 for per 10 lakh of population there are about 122 health centres inthe state
Institutional delivery-
• According to The national family health survey data , the rate of institutional deliveries in rural regions saw four fold
increase while Urban institutional deliveries nearly double within thespian of 15 years.
• From NFHS -3 to NFHS -5, in Bihar this rise was 56.3%, going from 19.9 % in 2005-06 to 76.2 % in 2019-21.
• Between 2018-19 and 2023-24, the number of institutional deliveries in Bihar increased from 16.02 lakh to 16.52 lakh,
registering an increase of 3.12 percent.
• Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
o JSY is a demand promotion and conditional cash transfer scheme for promoting institutional delivery.
o The scheme is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Health Mission (NHM) launched in April, 2005
as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
o Reducing maternal and infant mortality is one of the key goals of the NHM.
o JSY is a 100 percent centrally sponsored scheme that provides cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery
care.
Immunisation
• The proportion of children aged 12-23 months in Bihar who are fully immunized has risen significantly from 11.6
percent (NFHS-2, 1998-99) to 71.0 percent in 2019-20 (NFHS-5), reflecting an increase of 59.4 percentage points.
• Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): to lower the IMR to 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030.
• Five components of immunisation - Td (Anti-tetanus), BCG, OPV, PENTA and measles.
Prevalence of Main Diseases
Estimating disease burden based on sound epidemiological research provides the foundation for effective public policy.
Communicable and non-communicable diseases are still persisting in Bihar and India as major health problems.
• In 2023-24, dog bites were the most important cause of illness in Bihar, accounting for 244.37 thousand patients.
• The next dominant category was Acute Diarrhoeal Disease, accounting for 25.64 thousand patients.
National Health Mission-
• Launched in 2005, the NHM incorporates two Sub-Missions -
o The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), and
o The National Urban Health Mission (NUHM).
• The main programmatic components include:
o Health System Strengthening,
o Reproductive-Maternal-Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), and
o Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases.
• The NHM fund sharing pattern is 60:40 between the Central and the State governments.
• Between 2018-19 and 2023-24, the total fund disbursed to the health societies under NHM increased by 26 percent.
o Compared to 2022-23, the fund disbursed increased by 43 percent in 2023-24.

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Some Notable Achievements of the Health Department

New Referral Policy : • A Referral Policy has been framed to stop the practice of referring patients to the
hospitals of Patna and other medical colleges and hospitals.
• Under this Policy, patients will be provided with complete treatment, and then, if
needed, they will be referred to other hospitals according to their category of illness.
• This system will decrease the undue burden on ambulances and secondary and tertiary
services.

Establishment of Blood • Blood banks are being established, to have a regular supply of blood.
Bank : • Following this aim, a blood bank was established in 2023 at the Guru Govind Singh
Hospital, Patna City.
• Presently, 116 blood centres and 71 blood collection units are operational in the
state.
• Information about all blood centres is available on the e-Raktkosh Portal.

Mukhyamantri Digital • Bihar became the pioneering state to launch MDHY in 2022 to offer basic medicinal
Health Yojana services through digital technology.
(MDHY): • Presently, the scheme is operational in 20 districts.
• Facilities provided under the scheme: Online OPD appointment, information about
nearest hospitals and availability of doctors, facility to make Ayushman Bharat ID card
sitting at home, 24X7 emergency medical services, consultation with medical
specialists, etc. are

Drinking Water Supply And Sanitation -

Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene, collectively referred to as WASH, has significant socio-economic effects,
especially for women and girls.
• Bihar ranked third in the country with the score 98 in SDG-6 in the SDG India Index 2023-24.
• As per NFHS-5, Bihar has seen improvements in drinking water and sanitation facilities over the past five years.
o The percentage of households with access to an improved drinking water source rose by 0.8 percentage points,
increasing from 98.4 percent in 2015-16 to 99.2 percent in 2019-20.
• Additionally, Bihar has made significant strides in sanitation facilities during this period, with figures ascending
from 26.5 percent in 2015-16 to 49.4 percent in 2019-20, reflecting a substantial improvement of 22.9 percentage
points.
• Har Ghar Nal Ka Jal (HGNJ)
o In order to achieve affordable and sustainable water supply in rural/urban areas, the State government rolled out
the Mukhyamantri Peyjal Nishchaya Yojana 'Har Ghar Nal Ka Jal' programme in September 2016.
o The scheme intends to provide 70 litres per capita per day (LPCD) of potable drinking water to approximately
two crore households.
• "Shauchalaya Nirmaan Ghar ka Samman"
o To ensure widespread sanitation coverage, the State government has introduced two schemes:

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✓ Lohiya Swachh Bihar Abhiyan:
• The State government is committed to providing support for all APL families in rural locales, offering
an incentive of Rs. 12,000 to both APL and BPL families.
• In urban areas, the Central government provides an incentive of Rs. 4000 under the Swachh Bharat
Mission (SBM) (Urban).
✓ Shauchalaya Nirmaan (Shahri Kshetra) Yojana:
• The State government contributes a further Rs. 8000 under the Shauchalaya Nirmaan (Shahri Kshetra)
Yojana, ensuring that every household in towns receives a total incentive of Rs. 12,000.
• The funding distribution for SBM(G) is shared between the Central and State governments at a ratio of 60:40.
Education and Youth
Education is the foundation for equipping and empowering children with the necessary knowledge and skills, enabling them
to secure productive job opportunities. The education system faces various challenges such as shifting population dynamics,
the need for high-quality education, affordable vocational training, access to higher education, and advancements in
innovation and research. The objective of 'Quality Education', recognized as Goal 4 within the SDGs, seeks to "Ensure
inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all" by the year 2030.
• Literacy Rate:
o Overall literacy rate in Bihar has increased significantly from 22.0 percent in 1961 to 61.8 percent in 2011.
o 21 districts are placed above the state average in literacy rate.
o Male literacy has also increased substantially and doubled from 35.2 percent to 71.2 percent.
o The female literacy rate had a quantum jump of more than six times but still lagged far behind the national female
literacy rate (64.6 percent).
✓ However, the gender gap has reduced from 27.0 per cent to 20.1 percent.
• Elementary and Secondary Education
o Enrolment at elementary level - The total enrolment at primary was 112.09 lakh in 2023-24 of which 58.19
lakh boys and 53.90 lakh are girls.
o At the upper primary level, the total enrolment is 56.22 lakh, among which 28.48 lakh are boys and 27.74 lakh
are girls.

TOTAL ENROLMENT IN PRIMARY AND UPPER PRIMARY LEVEL(2023-24)

Level Boys Girls All

Combined SC ST Combined SC ST Combined SC ST

Primary 58.19 11.82 1.18 53.90 11.28 1.06 112.09 23.10 2.24

Upper Primary 28.48 5.25 0.52 27.74 5.15 0.51 56.22 10.40 1.02

All 86.67 17.07 1.695 81.64 16.43 1.569 168.31 33.50 3.26

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DROP-OUT RATE FOR PRIMARY ,UPPER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LEVEL (2023-24)

Year Primary Upper primary Secondary

Girls Boys Combined Girls Boys Combined Girls Boys Combined

2023-24 8.92 9.19 9.06 26.19 26.44 26.31 1.26 1.23 1.25

• The number of teachers and schools

o The total number of teachers in primary and upper primary school in Bihar in 2023-24 - 407331.
o The total number of primary and upper primary schools in Bihar in 2023-24 - 82103
o The total expenditure on education in 2023-24 - 43224.34 crore (2018-19 - 23618 crore)
• Expenditure on Education
o The total expenditure on education has increased from Rs. 23618 crore in 2018-19 to Rs. 43224.34 crore in 2023-
24.
o The growth rate of total expenditure on education has been as high as 13.9 percent during this period.
o In all these years, elementary education has the highest share of the total expenditure, compared to the other two
categories.
• Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN)
o The MDMS was a right-based scheme, which was introduced in 1995 to improve elementary education through
higher enrolment of the children in the age group of 6-14 years and, hopefully, their retention in schools.
o In September, 2021, the existing MDMS was renamed as Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN).
o Under the scheme, the provision of hot cooked meals has been extended to the children of pre-schools or Bal
Vatika (before Class I) in primary schools.
o Between 2018-19 and 2023-24, the average coverage of the PM-POSHAN scheme in primary schools is 62.45
percent, and in upper primary schools it is 62.54 percent.
• Pradhan Mantri Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (PM-USHA)
o It is a centrally sponsored programme which aims to work with 300-plus state universities and their affiliated
colleges.
o Launched in 2013, the PM-USHA aims to provide strategic funding to eligible state higher educational
institutions.
• Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
o It is India's educational program, catering to students from pre-primary to higher secondary levels.
o Launched in April 2018, this initiative aims to provide equitable and inclusive quality education. Recently, it has
been updated to incorporate specific provisions under the NEP 2020.
o The financial support for this program is split between the Union and State governments in a ratio of 60:40.

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Flagship Schemes Under Education

Mukhyamantri Balika • The state scheme was started in 2018-19 to empower girls and encourage them to
(Intermediate) Protsahan enroll for Higher education.
Yojana • Under the scheme, an incentive amount of Rs. 25,000 is given to unmarried girls
who have passed intermediate.
• In the year 2023-24, Rs. 1390.33 crore was distributed among 5.56 lakh girls.

Mukhyamantri Balika • Under the scheme, Rs. 50,000 is given to the unmarried/married girl students who
(Snatak) Protsahan have cleared their graduation examination.
Yojana • The scheme was started in 2018-19.
• Under this scheme, Rs. 600 crore was distributed among 1.40 lakh
unmarried/married girls in 2023-24.

Mukhyamantri Kishori • The scheme was started in 2014-15 to sensitise girls regarding their health needs.
Swasthya Yojana • Under this scheme, Rs. 300 is being transferred to the account of the girl student
studying between class VII and XII.
• The amount will be transferred to their bank accounts only when they achieve 75
percent attendance in their government schools.
• In 2023-24, Rs. 28.40 crore was distributed among 9.46 lakh girls.

New Initiatives under Education

Special Classes : • For all-round development of students, the Bihar School Education Board (BSEB)
has started free residential coaching classes to help the brilliant students in preparing
for Engineering (JEE) and Medical (NEET) entrance examinations.
• Also, the country's largest examination complex, Bapu Examination Complex, has
been developed by BSEB for conducting various examinations.

Computer Lab : • Computer labs have been established on the Build-Own-Operate model.
• Under this, 10 computers have been established in all middle schools and 20 in all
secondary schools.
• Also, ICT labs have been established to train the students in computer science.

Recruitment of Teachers : • In the 2023-24 session, 1,77,929 teachers have been recruited for elementary,
secondary and higher secondary schools.
• Also, till date, the State Education Research and Training Council, Patna, with the
support of BIPARD and other training institutes, has trained 2,95,594
headmasters/teachers.

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Higher Education
• In 2023-24, 39 universities are running in the state, of which 19 are state universities, 6 are Institutes of National
Importance, 4 are Central Universities, 1 Deemed University, 1 Institute under State Legislative Act, and 1 is Open
University, and another 7 are private universities.
• Currently, 38 government engineering colleges and 46 government polytechnics are operational across the 38 districts.
• National Board of Accreditation (NBA) - Currently Nalanda engineering college has received accreditation for its
computer science and engineering program while MIT Muzaffarpur has been accredited for its civil engineering
program.
• In addition to traditional offerings, new courses in cutting-edge areas such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial
Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Data Science, Cybersecurity, Blockchain Technology, Biomedical Robotic
Engineering, Networking, Web Technologies, Image Processing, Geo-Informatics, Geotechnical Engineering, and
Transportation Engineering were started from the academic session 2022-23.
• Establishment of centre of excellence (CoE)- Centre of excellence have been established at government polytechnic
institutes in collaboration with IIT Patna .
• The Government of Bihar has approved an internship policy for seventh-semester students at the government
engineering colleges, offering them Rs. 10,000 upon successful completion of their internships.
Promoting Start Up - Currently 35 startup cells have received funding from the Bihar Start- Up Fund Trust and a total of
34 start up across 15 government engineering colleges have been supported under the “seed grant Scheme” by the
department of industries.
Some Co-Curricular activities and other activities -
• Establishment of language lab: To improve communication skills of students, a fully equipped language lab has been
set up at every government engineering college and government polytechnic institute.
o Apart from English, a foreign language will also be taught in these language labs.
• Pahal: PAHAL is an initiative to support students, particularly those from government schools, in preparing for
competitive exams while also encouraging faculty members to take on social responsibilities.
• Umang: Various sports and other activities are organized at the institute level to promote students' health and showcase
their potential beyond academics.
• Classes for mental health; and
• Parent - teacher meeting
There are some motivational /promotional activities -
• Certificate of merit (annual ceremony on september 15) ,
• Science day
• Math day
Initiatives of science , Technology and Technical Education-
• Indira Gandhi Planetarium - At Patna has seating capacity of 200 persons
• Darbhanga planetarium - Located in Kadirabad polytechnic Ground of the darbhanga .
• Regional science centre,Gaya- To promote science
Youth Sports and Culture
• As per the projected figure for 2021, 28.8 percent of the population in Bihar lies in the cohort of 15-29 years and is
considered as youth.

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• While all the Sustainable Development Goals are critical for youth development, goals like No Poverty (Goal 1),
Health (Goal 3), Education (Goal 4), Gender Equality (Goal 5) and Employment and Decent Work (Goal 8) are
explicitly related to the development of youth.
• With the aim of discovering and developing talents in the field of sports, from January 2024 the Sports Department
has been separated from the Department of Art, Culture and Youth.
• It has been formed as an independent department that is committed to promote the culture of sports and bring the state
on par with other developed states in the field of sports.
• The Sports Department is focusing on the construction of modern sports infrastructure.
• Along with this, rigorous efforts are being made to develop the talent of players through better scientific training.

Important schemes implemented by the Sports department are as follows:

Medal Lao, Naukari Pao :

This initiative was started by the State government during the 18th National Inter-District Junior Athletics Competition
held in Patna in the year 2010.
• Under the scheme, it has been decided to provide jobs to the players who win medals in Olympic Games/Asian
Games, National Games, Senior National Championship and Junior Championship.
o The provision of jobs for disabled players has also been included in this scheme.
• Selected players will get A-category jobs (Bihar Administrative Service and Bihar Police Service) on the basis of
their achievement.
• Under this scheme, in 2023-24, 71 exceptional players of Bihar were given appointment letters in January, 2024.

Khel Samman Programme / Award :

• Every year, on August 29, on the occasion of Major Dhyan Chand's birth anniversary, the Sports Honour Programme
is organized.
• The programme aims to honour and reward the players and coaches who bring success to the state in various national
and international sports competitions.

Establishment and operation of Eklavya State Residential Sports Training Centers under Mukhyamantri Khel
Vikas Yojana :
• Under the scheme, training programmes are being conducted to prepare children below 17 years of age and studying
in rural and urban government schools to become excellent players using the latest technology in sports training.
• So far, 49 Eklavya State Residential Sports Training Centers have been approved in 28 districts of the state, out of
which 39 are operational.
• In 2023-24, 786 trainees (249 girls and 537 boys) received training in these centers.
• In 2024-25, 615 trainees (199 girls and 416 boys) are receiving training in these centers at a total cost of Rs. 2500
lakh.

Khiladi Kalyan Kosh :

• This scheme has been planned to provide training, sports kits or sports equipment and medical assistance to the
players in case of an injury during the competition.
• Also, a 12-month diploma course is offered to the selected players under the Khiladi Kalyan Kosh scheme for training.

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• For 2024-25, 43 players were paid 46.69 lakhs.

Sports Scholarship Scheme :

• Approval has been given for Bihar Sports Scholarship Scheme 2024 for the successful implementation of long-term
athletic development program for athletes of different age groups of Bihar.
• For this, an expenditure of Rs. 30.00 crore will be incurred per year.

Installation of Multi Gym, Open Gym Equipment and Sports Equipment :

• Under the Mukhyamantri Khel Vikas Yojana, installation of multi gym, open gym equipment and sports equipment
is being done which will be helpful for the physical and intellectual development of the players.
• Under this scheme, the work of installation of multi gym, open gym equipment and sports equipment has been
completed in 12 districts in 2023-24 at a total cost of Rs. 272.05 lakh.
• In 2024-25, Rs. 10 crore has been allocated for the purpose.

Construction of block-level outdoor stadium under Mukhyamantri Khel Vikas Yojana :

• Under the scheme, in order to develop sports infrastructure, administrative approval has been provided for
construction of 334 outdoor stadiums at the block level in various districts.
o Out of these, construction of 229 stadiums has been completed and 77 are under construction.
o The process is underway to start the construction of the remaining 57 stadiums.

Construction of State Sports Academy-cum-International Cricket Stadium :

• The construction work of State Sports Academy-cum-International Cricket Stadium is under progress in Rajgir, on
90 acres of land and at a total cost of Rs. 740 crore.
o The target is to complete it by June 2025.
• Recently, the Bihar Sports University and State Sports Academy, Rajgir were formally inaugurated.
• For the first time in Bihar, the international-level Asian Hockey Champions Trophy (Women) 2024 was organized,
in which 6 leading Asian countries participated.

Construction of Sports Bhawan-cum-Gymnasium Building as Regional Office of Sports

Department :
• In 2023-24, the construction of sports building-cum-gymnasium was completed in 25 districts at a cost of Rs. 165.25
crore (Rs. 6.61 crore per district).
• The construction work is underway in the remaining 13.

Khelo India Scheme :

• Under the Khelo India Scheme of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, modern sports
infrastructures such as synthetic athletic track, hockey astroturf, multi-purpose indoor hall, swimming pool, football
ground, etc. are to be constructed in the states.
o So far, approval has been given for the construction of 10 such infrastructure.
• For this, the Bihar State Sports Authority has received a total of Rs. 20.50 crore from the Government of India.

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o Apart from this, a request has been made to the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports seeking approval for the
construction of 35 sports infrastructures.
• At present, total four schemes are being operated under this:
o Khelo India Centre of Accreditation,
o Khelo India State Level Centre of Excellence,
o Khelo India Small Level Centre, and
o Creation of sports infrastructure.

'Mashal' Talent Search Campaign :

• This scheme was started in November, 2024.
• Under this scheme, boys and girls of every middle school and high school, whose age is between 14 and 16 years,
will be given a chance to play from school-level to state-level competitions.
• It mainly includes Athletics, Football, Kabaddi, Volleyball and Cycling.

Initiatives under Art and Culture

Bihar Film Promotion Policy 2024 :

This policy has been designed to support filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts in the state. An Operational Guideline has
been developed to ensure effective implementation on the ground. Under this policy, the following provisions have been
introduced to position Bihar as a preferred destination for filmmakers:
1. Single-Window Clearance System: There would be a streamlined approval process for hassle-free film production.
2. Maximum Subsidies across States: Financial support of up to Rs. 4 crore for film production will be provided.
3. Grants for OTT Web Series: Grants up to Rs. 3 crore will be provided for the web series made for OTT platforms.
4. Support for TV Serials/Shows: Financial assistance of up to Rs. 1 crore will be provided for TV serials or shows.
5. Infrastructure Development Grants: Grant of up to Rs. 1.5 crore will be provided for the establishment of studios
and related infrastructure.
6. Incentives for Regional Films: Additional grants will be provided to encourage the production of regional cinema.
7. Scholarship for artists of Bihar : An annual scholarship will be provided to the regular students from Bihar who are
pursuing degree or diploma courses in institutions such as the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune,
Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Kolkata, and the National School of Drama (NSD) campuses in New
Delhi, Gangtok, Bangalore, Agartala, and Varanasi.

Establishment of Amrapali Prashikshan Kendra in all district -

• Launched in 2024-25 and will be implemented by 2026-27.
• Administrative approval has been granted for an expenditure of Rs.1086.80 Lakh in 2024-25 and Rs.934.80 Lakh
annually from 2025-26.

Social Welfare
Social welfare is concerned with the well-being of the poor, vulnerable and marginalised sections of society. Such an
excluded population has fewer opportunities for economic, social, and human development, and remains caught in a vicious
cycle of poverty. To ensure that economic growth is inclusive, it is necessary for any State government to implement social

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welfare programmes. Such welfare programmes in Bihar now cover Dalits, Mahadalits, Backward Classes, Extremely
Backward Classes, Minorities, Women and other weaker sections.

Social Welfare Schemes in Bihar for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)

For the overall development of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Welfare Department was formed in April 2007.
• According to the 2011 census, the SC and ST together constitute 17.20 percent of the state's population, of which,
15.91 percent is of SCs and 1.28 percent is of STs.
• The districts with more than 20 percent share of SC and ST in the total population are Nalanda, Kaimur, Gaya,
Arwal, Nawada, Aurangabad, Vaishali, and Sheikhpura.
The main schemes being run by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Welfare Department in the state are as
follows :
Chief Minister Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Merit Scholarship Scheme :
• This scheme was started in 2008-09.
• Under this, a one-time financial assistance of Rs. 8,000 is given to the SC/ST student passing the secondary school
examination in second division and Rs. 10,000 to the one passing in first division.
• In 2016-17, a new scheme was started for the girl students of SC/ST community, passing the twelfth standard
examination.
o Such students are given Rs. 15,000 on passing their examination in the first division and Rs. 10,000 on passing
in the second division.
Scholarship for children of Musahar and Bhuiyan community :
• To spread education among Musahar and Bhuiyan communities, a scholarship of Rs. 100 is given to students of
classes 1 to 6 per month.
• In 2023-24, Rs. 13.88 crore was approved as plan expenditure under the scheme and Rs. 0.60 crore for
establishment and committed expenditure.
• In 2024-25, Rs. 13.88 crore was approved as plan expenditure while Rs. 1.50 crore was provisioned under
establishment and committed expenditure.
Residential schools :
• The SC/ST Welfare Department runs 66 residential schools for SC students and 25 for ST students with a capacity
of 32,640 SC and 11,600 ST students.
• The State government provides funds for the basic needs of the students like daily needs, study materials, food,
clothing, medicine, etc., approved and implemented through the community organization supported by Jeevika.
School Upgradation :
• All residential schools are to be upgraded to 10+2 (720 seats) and run in co-education mode with the development
of infrastructure.
• Also, a provision of 40 percent reservation for Mushahar/Bhuiya community and 25 percent reservation for
children of persons engaged in unhygienic works are provided in the enrolment in residential schools.
• A budget provision of Rs. 458.42 crore has been made for the construction and furnishing of SC/ST residential
schools and hostels in 2024-25.
Hostels :
• The SC and ST Welfare Department runs 118 hostels for SC/ST students.
• At present, a total of 117 hostels are functioning in the state for the convenience of SC and ST students and 47 new
ones are being reconstructed.

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Chief Minister Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Civil Service Promotion Scheme :
• Under this scheme, a one-time incentive of Rs. 50,000 is given to the candidates who pass the BPSC civil services
preliminary examination .
• At the same time, candidates passing the UPSC civil services preliminary examination are given an incentive of Rs.
1.00 lakh for the preparation of the next stages of their examination.
• Till recently, 144 UPSC and 4136 BPSC, total 4280 candidates have benefitted under this scheme.
• A provision has been made to provide incentives to the candidates who pass the preliminary test (PT) of other
competitive examinations from 2024.
o For this, in 2024-25, Rs. 10.00 crore has been provisioned for SC candidates and Rs. 1.00 crore for ST
candidates.
Pre-Exam Coaching Centres :
• A total of 10 coaching centres are being run in the state to provide coaching to the candidates belonging to SC/ST
communities, appearing in UPSC, BPSC, Banking, Railway and other competitive examinations.
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989, Rules 1995 :
• These aim to provide relief and financial assistance to the members of SC/ST community from harassment by
members of other communities.
• This is a centrally sponsored scheme whose expenditure is shared equally by the Central and State governments.
• In 2024-25, a budget provision of Rs. 10.03 crore under establishment and committed expenditure and Rs. 100.00
crore jointly as central and state share under plan expenditure has been made.
Hostel Food Grain Scheme :
• Approval has been given to provide 15 kgs of food grains (9 kgs rice and 6 kgs wheat) per month to students
living in SC/ST hostels.
Chief Minister Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Hostel Grant Scheme:
• This is a state government scheme under which Rs 1000 cash assistance per month is provided to SC/ST students
living in state government hostels.
Tharuhat Area Development :
• In 2009, the Integrated Tharuhat Development Authority was formed for the development of ST communities
(including the Tharu tribe) in West Champaran.
• A total of Rs. 14989.93 lakh was made available to the Authority for Tharuhat area development from financial
year 2010-11 to 2023-24, under which the work was completed in 256 schemes out of total 331.
• There is a budget provision of Rs. 30.00 crore in the year 2024-25.

Mahadalit Welfare

The State government has launched various specialized initiatives based on the findings of the State Mahadalit
Commission, which noted that out of the 22 scheduled castes in Bihar, 21 experience severe deprivation concerning
their economic, social, cultural, and political conditions.
• Consequently, the Bihar Mahadalit Vikas Mission, registered under the Societies Registration Act of 1860, was
conceived to fulfill the fundamental needs of all Mahadalit communities.
The State government's specific focus on the welfare of Mahadalits encompasses:
Vikas Mitra :

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• The Vikas Mitras have been appointed for assisting in proper implementation of programmes in panchayats and
wards.
• To promote empowerment of women, 50 percent of the posts of Vikas Mitra are reserved for women.
• Presently, out of the total sanctioned posts of 9820 Vikas Mitras, 9648 are working in the state and they are
selected from the Mahadalit community itself.
Dashrath Manjhi Kaushal Vikas Yojana :
• The scheme has been started with an objective to improve the employability of the members of the Mahadalit
Community through skill development and training in different trades.
• The scheme is being executed by the Department of Labour Resource.
• Till date, 10 batches have completed their training at the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development
Institute in Kolkata.
• The training of 7 batches at CIPET, Hajipur and 3 batches at CSSPL, Katihar have been completed.
Community Hall-cum-Workshed Scheme :
• The scheme was started in 2010-11, aiming to construct buildings in the Mahadalit Tolas where marriage,
Chhatthi and other ceremonies can be performed.
• For 2023-24, a target of 302 has been set, and the budget has been allotted for 302 units of 38 districts.
Sahayata (Call Centre) :
• The call centre was created in accordance with the SC & ST Prevention of Atrocities Act of 1989 and its Rule from
1995.
• As part of a centrally sponsored scheme by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, the National
Helpline Centre has been established within the Bihar Mahadalit Vikas Mission to ensure the effective execution of
the aforementioned Act.

Welfare of Backward and Extremely Backward Classes

The Backward Classes are those castes/communities that are notified as such by the State or
Central government.
• In Bihar, there are 131 backward castes and they account for about 64 percent of its population.
• In 2007-08, the State government had constituted the Backward Class and Extremely Backward Class Welfare
Department for the welfare and overall development of these communities.
• In the last seven years, the expenditure for the welfare of backward classes has increased at the rate of 7.3 percent
annually.
o Also, the expenditure under the state scheme increased at the rate of 7.1 percent annually.
The targeted efforts implemented by the State government to address the welfare needs of the backward and
highly backward classes are outlined below:
Mukhyamantri Pichhada Varg evam Atyant Pichhada Varg Pre-Matric
Chhatravriti Yojana:
• This new scheme has been launched from the year 2022-23 under the state
scheme, in order to benefit all the students studying in class I to X.
• Under the scheme, scholarship is being provided at the rate mentioned in the figure:

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Mukhyamantri Pichhada Varg evam Atyant Pichhada Varg Praveshikottar Chhatravritti Yojana-2023:
• This new state scheme has been launched from 2022-23, to provide Post-Matric Scholarship of up to Rs. 4 lakh
to OBC students.
OBC Girls Residential + 2 High School:
• Two schools in Patna and one each in the rest of the 38 districts i.e. total 39 schools are being operated.
• The total estimated cost is Rs. 1593.23 crore.
o Till now Rs. 1300.00 crore has been disbursed.
OBC Hostel:
• Through this initiative, hostels are built for OBC students either in the campus of University/College or nearby.
• Every district has been covered under this scheme.
o Currently 23 hostels are being operated in 20 districts.
Jananayak Karpoori Thakur Hostel:
• A100 bedded hostel for OBC Students is to be constructed in each district.
• All the hostels have been constructed out of which currently 36 hostels are operational and the rest of the 2 hostels
will be operated soon.
Pre-Examination Training Scheme:
• Under this scheme, BC and EBC students are being imparted free coaching for the preparation of competitive
examinations such as UPSC, BPSC, SSC, Railway, Banking etc.
• Two batches consisting of 60 students are being operated for each session (6 months).
• The annual income ceiling under the eligibility criteria has been raised from Rs 1.00 lakh to Rs 3.00 lakh.
• Total 38 centres have been sanctioned across the state.
o The Smart Classes have been sanctioned for each centre at the rate of Rs. 2.5 lakh per centre.
Mukhyamatri Vayavsayik Pathyakram Margdarshan evam Utpreran Yojana :
• To help the students of Backward Classes & Extremely Backward Classes in their preparation for admission in
professional courses, like management, law, etc. and for appearing in job-oriented competitions and to increase the
participation in higher educational institutions, this new scheme was launched in 2020-21.
• The candidate whose family income limit is not more than Rs. 3.00 lakh per annum is eligible to avail the benefit
of the scheme.
Jananayak Library and Digital Study Centre :
• It has been developed in all Jananayak Karpoori Thakur Hostels, OBC Welfare Hostels and OBC Girls Residential
+2 High Schools running in the state to facilitate and ensure quality education through digital mode.
Mukhyamantri EBC Civil Seva Protsahan Yojana
• Under this scheme, EBC students qualifying the Preliminary Test of BPSC/UPSC combined civil services
examinations are provided with a stipulated amount of assistance.
• From 2023-24, such students qualifying the PT of other states' civil services examination, RRB, Banking, etc. are
also being provided with a stipulated amount of assistance for the preparation of related Mains stage of the respective
examinations.

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Minority Welfare

The Department of Minority Welfare was established in 1991 to empower the minority communities - Muslims, Jains,
Parsis, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians.
• According to the 2011 census, religious minorities constitute 17.3 percent of the population of Bihar, with 16.9
percent Muslims and 0.4 percent belonging to other religions.
• Muslims constitute a large part of the population in Kishanganj (68.0 percent), Katihar (44.5 percent), Araria (42.9
percent), and Purnea (38.5 percent).
• The religious minorities are often socially excluded and, as such, for the welfare of these minorities, focused and
concerted efforts are needed.
Chief Minister Student Promotion Scheme (Mukhyamantri Vidyarthi Protsahan Yojana) :
• Under this programme, minority students who got first division in their matriculation examinations receive Rs.
10,000, while Muslim girls who attain a first division in their intermediate examinations are awarded Rs. 15,000 as
motivation to pursue further education.
• For 2023-24, a budget of Rs. 91.10 crore has been set aside for 69,596 minority students.
Muslim Divorcee/Deserted Women Assistance Programme :
• The scheme was introduced in 2006-07 to provide financial assistance of Rs. 10,000 to Muslim women who are
either divorced or deserted.
o In 2017-18, this amount was increased to Rs. 25,000.
• Since 2018-19, the beneficiaries have been availing the facility through the e-welfare portal.
• In 2023-24, Rs. 1.08 crore was distributed among 430 Muslim women.
Minority Hostel Yojana (Alpsankhyak Chhatrawas Yojana) :
• To encourage basic as well as vocational education among minority students, there is a provision of providing free
hostel facilities in all district headquarters of the state.
• To date, 48 hostels have already been constructed and 4 more are under construction.
Chief Minister Minority Welfare Hostel Grant / Food Grain Scheme (Mukhyamantri Alpsankhyak Kalyan
Chhatrawas Anudan / Khadyann Yojana) :
• This scheme was started in 2018-19 to promote higher education among the minority students.
• Under this scheme, students residing in minority hostels are given a grant of Rs. 1000 and 15 kgs. foodgrains per
month.
• In 2023-24, under the Chief Minister Minority Welfare Hostel Grant, Rs. 47.73 lakh was earmarked for 4773
minority students.
• Similarly, under the Chhatrawas Khadyanna Yojana, 2475 students got the benefit of the scheme in 2023-24.
Mukhyamantri Shram Shakti Yojana :
• The scheme was started in 2008-09 for encouraging skill, employment and self-employment among the minority
youth.
• Special training is provided to workers and youths of minority communities, so that they can get an opportunity for
employment.
• In 2023-24, 288 candidates were provided training in different trades.

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Rajya Coaching Yojana :

• To increase the representation of minority students in state administration and other technical and management jobs,
a provision of free coaching has been made since 2006-07.
• In 2023-24, 565 minority students received training for different competitive examinations.
Bihar Rajya Waqf Vikas Yojana :
• For development of property registered under Sunni and Shia Waqf Board, construction and maintenance work is
being undertaken for multipurpose buildings, guest house, marriage hall, Waqf office building, market complex,
etc.
• This scheme has been implemented since 2018-19.
• In 2023-24, an amount of Rs. 55.65 crore was proposed for constructing the multipurpose building, marketing
complex and library in Patna, Purnea, Kaimur, Katihar, Kishanganj, Nawada and Siwan, and the approval is
under process.
Bihar Rajya Madarsa Sudridhikaran Yojana :
• Under this scheme, facilities like drinking water, library, equipment, toilets, multipurpose hall, official room,
computer, science lab, etc. are provided for strengthening of Madarsa infrastructure and education.
• The scheme was started in 2018-19.
• In 2023-24, for the strengthening of one Madarsa in Nalanda, one in East Champaran, two in Purnea, the
administrative approval was given to a budget of Rs. 3239.28 lakh, of which Rs. 1260.94 lakh has already been
allotted.
Bihar Rajya Alpsankhyak Awasiya Vidyalaya Yojana :
• In 2018-19, the State government has decided to set up one residential school in each district for the students
belonging to the minority community.
• Presently, the construction work of residential schools in Darbhanga and Kishanganj has been completed.
• In 2022-23, land was earmarked in Begusarai and West Champaran for the construction of the school.

Women Development

Empowerment of women is a process that leads them to claim their rights in economic, cultural, social and political
spheres of life and realize their full potential. This advancement has to be accompanied by freedom of choice and the
ability to influence the direction of social change.
• It was during the Eighth Plan (1992-97) when the need for empowerment of women was recognized and accepted
as a distinct strategy for the first time.
• Later, the Twelfth Plan (2012-17) identified the key indicators for gender equity to be addressed in the planning
process through economic, social and cultural empowerment.
• Since gender equality and women's empowerment are an important agendas, the State government has been
publishing its gender budget since 2008-09.
• The empowerment indicator primarily consists of three key factors:
o The involvement of women in household decision-making: Data from the National Family and Health
Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019-20 reveals that 86.5 percent of the married women, aged 15-49 years, in
Bihar engage in household decisions, which represents an increase of 11.3 percentage points from NFHS-4
where it was recorded at 75.2 percent.

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o The possession of a bank account: In terms of women who possess and manage their own bank accounts,
NFHS-5 indicates that this figure stands at 76.7 percent, a significant rise from the 26.4 percent reported in
NFHS-4, illustrating a notable increase of 50.3 percentage points.
o The ownership of a house or land: There has been a slight decline of 3.5 percentage points in the proportion of
women owning a house or land, either individually or jointly, decreasing from 58.8 percent in 2015-16 (NFHS-
4) to 55.3 percent in 2019-20 (NFHS-5).
• The Sustainable Development Goal 5 seeks to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and girls
globally, encompassing 36 state indicators across 8 distinct targets.
• An overview of the gender budget for five years (2018-19 to 2022-23):
o The total expenditure on women has increased by 90 percent between 2018-19 and 2022-23.
o On average, the share of women in the total budget in these five years has been around 18.1 percent and the
total outlays for women as percent of GSDP was around 5.6 percent.
• The direct interventions by the State government to address gender disparity comprises two main heads:
o Child protection (Kanya Suraksha Yojana to stop female foeticide) and
o Social and economic security (Lakshmi Bai Social Security Pension Scheme, Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivah
Yojana and Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana).
✓ The Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana, launched in 2007-08, aims to empower women through
several schemes. Besides this, the scheme also helps women by setting up Helpline Services, Short Stay
Homes, Working Women Hostels, and Protection Homes.
✓ Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivah Yojana extends the financial support of Rs. 5000 to the girls of BPL
families, who get married at the age of 18 and above.
• The expenditure on flagship schemes has gradually increased between 2019-20 and 2022-23 by 107 percent.
Economic Empowerment
Aarakshit Rojgar Mahilaon Ka Adhikar :
• A horizontal reservation of 35 percent has been given to women in all government jobs in the state.
• Also, a provision of 50 percent reservation has been made for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions and Municipal
Bodies, which has augmented their contribution and participation in the political sphere.
Reservation/Incentive for Girls/Women in Higher Education and Technical Education :
• To encourage female students to pursue higher technical education, 33 percent (one-third) of the total seats at the
degree level and higher courses are reserved for girls/women in all the institutions affiliated with the Bihar
Engineering University.
• To incentivise women for pursuing higher education, Rs. 25,000 per student is given to unmarried women who
have passed Intermediate or equivalent.
Promotion of Women Entrepreneurship :
• As part of the Mukhyamantri Mahila Udyami Yojana, a special initiative for women entrepreneurs, a cumulative
amount of Rs. 451.35 crore was allocated to 7,596 chosen beneficiaries from 2021-22 to 2023-24.
• Under this Yojana, a bag cluster has been developed in Muzaffarpur with the help of 40 members who have been
selected as entrepreneurs.
• Also, with the support of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Jeevika Didis are running a solar shops
after getting training in solar lamp manufacturing.

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o A total of 413 Didis are associated with this venture.

o J-WIRES Company has been established in the Gaya district to run this enterprise.
Promotion of Livelihood :
• Jeevika focuses on enhancing skills by offering training programs for young people in various in-demand sectors
such as retail, healthcare, construction, automotive, and electrical services.
Civil Seva Protsahan Yojana :
• Incentive amounts of Rs. 50,000 and 1,00,000 is given to the women candidates clearing the preliminary test of
Civil Services Examination conducted by BPSC and UPSC, respectively, for preparation of the Mains stage.
Service Field Training :
• Women and Child Development Corporation provides training to women and adolescent girls with the aim of
vocational training and capacity development to make them skilled/self-reliant in different types of business.
• There is also a provision for placement and self- employment after successful completion of the training.
• Under the service sector, women are also provided training in housekeeping, beautician, computer and sales
management.
Skill Training :
• Women and Child Development Corporation has started a combination of traditional and modern-era courses
like sewing machine operators, new courses that are essential for health and other services like General Duty
Assistant, Emergency Medical Technician, Electrician, Mason, Bar Bander, etc.
• WCDC, Social Welfare Department has selected 37 job roles and is planning to add more courses like
Agriculture, Drone Technician and Bakery courses to find employment opportunities and increase
employability.
Social Empowerment
Poshan Maah Campaign :
• Poshan Maah 2024 campaign focused on raising awareness about nutrition and maternal-child health through the
theme "Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi."
o The campaign targeted anaemia awareness, growth monitoring, and complementary feeding practices to
address malnutrition's root causes.
• Coordination with the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and state-level training sessions enhanced
the impact, enabling block and village organizations to effectively implement the initiatives.
JEEVIKA Health Help Desk :
• The JEEVIKA Health Help Desk, partnering with the Health Department, enhances healthcare access in 38 districts,
primarily in Sadar hospitals and medical colleges.
• By September 2024, it had served 1,414,524 patients, with 45,102 calls handled by 92 Swasthya Mitra Didis.
• Operating in two shifts across 45 centres, the Help Desk provides essential support, bridging healthcare gaps in rural
Bihar.
HNS Enterprise Development :
• Through its Health, Nutrition and Sanitation Enterprise Fund, JEEVIKA provides financial support to
individual members and groups, enabling them to establish sustainable enterprises.
• The fund aims to increase the annual income of individual entrepreneurs by at least Rs. 1 lakh.

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• The fund accommodates both individual and group enterprises, creating opportunities that improve livelihoods,
enhance community health, and promote sanitation and nutrition.
• Through this initiative, JEEVIKA not only strengthens local economies but also builds healthier, more self-reliant
communities across Bihar.
Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana :
• This is an integrated women empowerment scheme and has been operational since 2007-08.
• Some of the components running under the scheme are as follows :
o One-Stop Center : Sakhi One-Stop Centre provides medical facilities, police aid, legal assistance, counselling,
and other services to women and adolescent girls who have been victims of domestic violence, human
trafficking, or any other form of violence.
✓ It is controlled by the District Magistrate in all 38 districts of the state.
o Women's Special Cell : The purpose of the Women's Special Cell is to provide counselling and support to
women and adolescent girls in filing First Information Reports (FIRs) and to provide a supportive environment
in police stations for women who have been victims of any form of violence.
✓ For this, a women's special cell is being operated in 23 police stations in Patna.
o 181 Women's Helpline : The Union Ministry of Women and Child Development provides 24- hour service to
women who are victims of domestic abuse, human trafficking, dowry harassment, molestation, sexual violence,
and other forms of harassment.
✓ This year, along with (181) women helplines, 1098 child helplines and 112 Emergency Response Support
System have been added.
o Short-stay Homes : Short-stay Homes have been developed to solve the problems of women and adolescent
girls who are harassed in the family and society due to domestic violence, sexual harassment, human
trafficking, dowry or other reasons, and to provide socio-psychological counselling, medical and legal
assistance, skill and capacity development.
✓ Short-stay Homes are being run to provide short-term shelter until training and rehabilitation are done.
• Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace :
o The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 has been
passed to defend women's rights in the workplace.
o According to this Act, the employer is responsible for forming an Internal Committee (IC), while the District
Officer is responsible for forming a Local Committee (LC) to investigate sexual harassment accusations.
o According to this Act, local committees were formed in all districts and internal committees were formed in
all the departments.
• Palna Ghar :
o To support women to carry on their jobs, a crèche facility has been started to care for infants and young children
aged 5 years or less while their parents are at work.
o Creche provides a conducive environment for the all-round development of children, provides group care and
a positive environment for their personality development.
o Under the Chief Minister Nari Shakti Yojana, 100 creches have been sanctioned.
o Funds are being transferred for the construction of one crèche each in the headquarters of all 38 districts.

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o Till now, 62 Palna Ghars have been established and the operation of all 100 crèches will start soon in all 38
districts.
• Gender Resource Centre :
o Gender Resource Centre has been established by the Women and Child Development Corporation for training,
study and research, etc. on gender-related topics as well as to provide technical support in the preparation of
the gender budget.
o Gender Resource Center mainly carries out the work of research, analysis, sensitization of all stakeholders
towards gender mainstreaming.
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao :
o This scheme is an initiative to prevent and increase the declining child- sex ratio and encourage girls'
education.
o On the occasion of the International Girl Child Day 2023, a state-level program was organized by the Women
and Child Development Corporation (WCDC) in Bihar towards increasing the importance of the girl child.
• Menstrual Hygiene Management Roadmap :
o Prepared by the WCDC in June 2022.
o Under this roadmap, a state task force will be formed under the chairmanship of the development commissioner
and a district-level task force under the chairmanship of the district officer.
o Awareness is being spread through media along with radio campaigns at the state level to adopt the right
measures and practices on menstrual hygiene management.
• Mahila Thana :
o Sometimes due to the presence of male police personnel, the female victim is not able to properly describe her
problems, due to which her issue may not be resolved.
o With this background, the concept of a Mahila Thana was developed and presently 40 Mahila Thanas are
operational in the state.
Cultural Empowerment
Women Entrepreneur Fair :
• To encourage women entrepreneurs, especially those engaged in marketing of various types of handicrafts,
handloom products, food items, art, craft, Madhubani Painting, Tikuli Art and decorations, etc., from rural areas,
the Women Entrepreneur Fair is organized by the WCDC.
• In the financial year 2023-24, 20 stalls were allotted to women entrepreneurs in the Dussehra fair.
International Women's Day :
• On the occasion of the International Women's Day (March 8), a three-day Film Festival was organized on issues
related to women and adolescence.
• It was organized by the WCDC.
• Women theme-based movies like Manikarnika, Pink, Saand Ki Aankh, and others were shown in the festival.
Nayika Apne Jeevan Ki :
• WCDC publishes a quarterly magazine named 'Nayika Apne Jeevan Ki' to discuss the challenges and success stories
of women.
• The Corporation is also planning to publish a magazine for children, named 'GULLAK- Gyan Ka Pitara'.
• The objective of this magazine is to enhance knowledge through entertainment.

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Surakshit Safar Suvidha

• To enhance the safety of women and instill a sense of security among those travelling in Bihar, the "Surakhsit
Safar Suvidha" initiative was launched by the Police (Home) Department.
• This initiative allows for the registration and real-time tracking of journeys through the Emergency Response
Support System (ERSS), providing a reliable support system for women traveling alone or with family.

Social Security for Old, Widow and Disabled

Social Security is recognized as a vital component of the development process. A well-functioning welfare state should
specifically address various aspects of social security.
• According to the 2011 Census, the population of senior citizens (those aged 60 and above) in the state stands at
77.07 lakh, representing 7.4 percent of the total population.
• Additionally, the number of individuals with disabilities in Bihar is 21.31 lakh or 2.2 percent of the population.
• In collaboration with the Central government, the State government is actively implementing numerous social
security programs aimed at supporting the elderly, widows, and people with disabilities.
Mukhyamantri Vriddhjan Pension Scheme :
• It’s a new universal pension initiative for senior citizens, launched in April 2019.
• This scheme benefits senior citizens aged 60 and above who have not availed any other pension scheme.
• The pension amount is Rs. 400 per month for individuals aged 60 to 79 years and Rs. 500 per month for those
aged 80 and above.
• So far, 46.10 lakh senior citizens have availed benefit from this scheme.
Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojna :
• This is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme designed to address four critical needs of senior citizens: financial security,
nutrition, health care and human interaction to improve the quality and dignity of their life.
• Additionally, it also encompasses aspects of safety, protection, and general well-being, starting with raising
awareness and sensitizing society.
• In 2022-23, the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment allocated Rs. 7.58 crore for this scheme.
National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) :
• This is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme being carried out by the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
(MoSJE) for the period 2018 to 2025.
• The initiative aims to mitigate the negative effects of drug abuse through a comprehensive strategy.
• The Bihar State Action Plan, with a budget of Rs. 5.90 crore for 2024-25, has been sent for approval to MoSJE.
Mukhyamantri Family Benefit Scheme :
• This scheme was initiated in 2012-13.
• Its objective is to provide financial assistance following the unexpected death of a member from a low-income
family within the state.
• In the event of an accidental death of an individual aged 18 to 60 due to a criminal incident, a one-time financial
assistance of Rs. 20,000 is provided to their dependents.

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Kabir Antyeshti Anudan Yojana :

• This scheme offers a one-time grant of Rs. 3,000 to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families to assist with the last rites
(funeral rituals) in the event of a family member's death.
• Payments to beneficiaries are now made directly through the e-Suvidha portal.
• In 2023-24, so far Rs. 1,390.00 lakh has been provided to 50,800 individuals.
• Additionally, a one-time advance of Rs. 15,000 is provided to each panchayat for 5 beneficiaries, Rs. 30,000 for 10
beneficiaries in Nagar Panchayat, Rs. 60,000 for 20 beneficiaries in Nagar Parishad, and Rs. 90,000 for 30
beneficiaries in Municipal Corporations.
Mukhyamantri Bhikshavritti Nivaran Yojana :
• The initiative aims to safeguard and enhance the rights of beggars, ensuring their care, protection, and development,
as well as socio-economic and cultural empowerment through supportive policies and programs.
• Beggars have been provided with essential services such as Aadhar cards and bank accounts to facilitate their access
to various welfare programs offered by the State government.
• At present, the scheme is fully operational in ten districts of Bihar, namely Patna, Gaya, Nalanda, Muzaffarpur,
Darbhanga, Bhagalpur, Saran, Saharsa, Munger, and Purnea.
• In addition, 19 Rehabilitation Homes and two Halfway Homes are also being managed in Patna.
Bihar Integrated Social Protection Strengthening Project (BISPS) :
• This scheme aims to enhance social protection services for vulnerable populations in Bihar, including poor
households, persons with disabilities (PwDs) and widows.
• The scheme includes creation of the basic infrastructure called 'Buniyad Centres' at 101 locations (one centre at
each location) and covering 63 sub-divisions and 38 districts of Bihar.
• As of October 2024, approximately 12.65 lakh beneficiaries have accessed various services provided by these
centres.
• This initiative plays a crucial role in supporting targeted beneficiaries by creating essential infrastructure and
facilitating access to vital social care programs.
Directorate of Empowerment of Persons with Disability
• According to the 2011 census, there are 23.31 lakh people with disabilities in Bihar, of which, 9.88 lakh are
females and 13.43 lakh are males.
• The state recognizes 21 types of disabilities.
Chief Minister Divyangjan Empowerment Yojana :
• This scheme was started in 2017-18.
• The main objective of the scheme is to work for the welfare of the disabled and increase their awareness in the
society, empowering them physically, socially, educationally and economically and ensuring their rights.
• Under the Chief Minister Disabled Empowerment Scheme "Sambal", operated as an umbrella scheme, facilities are
being provided to the disabled people through the following component-wise schemes :
o Artificial Limbs And Equipment For Disabled Persons : Under this, artificial limbs and assistive devices
like tricycle, hearing aid, crutches, calipers, walking stick, special assistive devices, and in very special cases,
assistance grants, etc. are provided to the disabled persons.
o Survey And Certification Of Disabled People : Survey and disability certification of disabled people is done
from time to time by organizing special camps at panchayat and block levels.

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✓ In these camps, a disability certificate is issued by the medical team after examination.
o Battery-operated Tricycle : A provision has been made by the State government to provide battery-operated
tricycles to the eligible locomotor-disabled persons under the Chief Minister Divyangjan Empowerment
Chhatra Yojana from 2022-23.
o Mentally disabled children, special day school : To provide training and medical facilities through day
school, "Chaman" has been started for the mentally disabled children between 5 and 18 years of age.
✓ The school has been run through a non-government organization in Patna since 2011-12.
o Special School : Under the Directorate of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, three blind and five
deaf and blind schools are being operated in Patna, Darbhanga, Bhagalpur and Munger.
✓ All of these are residential schools.
✓ The government provides free accommodation, food, study material, sports material, entertainment,
medical treatment, etc. to all the resident children.
o Asra Grih : Under the Directorate of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, three Asra Grih run as
rehabilitation homes in Patna for mentally ill women.
Scheme for Implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (SIPDA Scheme) :
• With the aim of achieving universal accessibility for persons with disabilities, the Government of India is making
important public buildings, public transport and government websites accessible for persons with disabilities.
Unique Disability ID for Persons with Disabilities (UDID) :
• The UDID project is being implemented by the Government of Bihar and the Directorate of Empowerment of
Persons with Disabilities, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, with the aim of providing a unique
identity card to every disabled person and preparing a national database for the disabled in New Delhi by the
Government of India.

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13. CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Child development is a major component of Human development. Bihar is home to 49.8 million children (0-18 years),
comprising 48% of the state’s total population, which is 11 % of total child population in India. The child welfare budgeting
was started in Bihar in 2013-14. Since then there has been a steady increase in the allocation for children.
• Child budget initiated in Bihar in - 2013-14
• Between 2016-17 and 2023-24 the total expenditure on children rose at an annual rate of 19.4%.
• Throughout this period, the per capita spending on children rose from Rs. 3275 in 2016-17 to Rs. 9131 in 2022-23,
more than double.
• Approximately, 18 percent of the total state budget is dedicated to child development expenditure, though this figure
varies from year to year.
• Similarly, the expenditure as a percentage of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) hovers around 5 percent.
• National policy for Children 2013 - defined a child as a person between 0 and 18 years of age.

DEMOGRAPHY -
• In Bihar, 48 percent of the population is within the 0-18 age group.
• The state contributes to 11 percent of India's overall child population.
• Children population in Bihar - 4.98 crore
o Child population living in rural area - 4.47 crore (89.9%)
o Child population living in urban area - 0.50 crore (10.1%)
o Female child - 2.35 crore
o Male child - 2.62 crore
o The distributions of the child population across different age-groups are -0-6 years (38.4 percent), 7-14 years
(45.4 percent) and 15-18 years (16.2 percent)

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Child population across different age-group (in Crore), Census 2011

Male Child Female Child Total

0-6 years 0.99 0.92 1.91 (38.4%)

7-14 years 1.18 1.08 2.26 (45.4%)

15-18 years 0.46 0.35 0.81 (16.2%)

• Between 2001 and 2011 the child population has increased by 20.3 % (from 4.14 crore to 4.98 crore)
SEX RATIO AT BIRTH(SRB) -
• It is defined as the number of girls born for every 1000 boys.
• As per latest figures of the Sample Registration System (2018-20) -
o SRB for the state - 895 (decrease 13 point from 2014-15)
✓ 2014-16 - 908
• Urban area - 897 (2018-20)
• Rural area - 894 (2018-20)
CHILD SEX RATIO (CSR) -
• The Sex Ratio is an important indicator of the status of women, both for children and adults.
• The Census 2011 data reveals that:
o The child sex ratio is higher than the overall sex ratio in Bihar.
o The sex ratio in the age group 0 -6 years is 935 females per 1000 males, 923 for 0-14 years, and 897 for 0-18
years.
o For all ages, the ratio is 918.
o Among the districts, Kishanganj (971), Katihar (961) and Gaya (960) have relatively better child sex ratio in the
age group of 0-6 years, in comparison to Vaishali (904), Patna (909) and Muzaffarpur (915) which all have a
highly adverse ratio.
o The child sex ratios among the Scheduled Castes (962) and Scheduled Tribes (969) are better than the state
average of 935.
o The child sex ratio for 0-18 years, as per the 2011 census, was above the state average in 20 districts.
o Out of all districts, the highest sex ratio is recorded in - Gopalganj (959), Kishanganj (958) and Siwan (946).

CHILD SEX RATIO AS PER 2011 CENSUS

0-6 year 0-14 year 0-18 year All age SC ST

CSR 935 923 897 918 962 969

ADOLESCENT POPULATION OF BIHAR-

• Investing in approximately 2.77 crore (2021 projected figure) adolescents, nearly 23 percent of the state
population, is the best way to leverage Bihar's competitive advantage which is the "demographic dividend".

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• Adolescents comprise a significant proportion of India's population. Despite improvements in various dimensions, this
demographic segment continues to face serious socio-economic challenges.
• Individuals in the age-group of 10-19 years are adolescents, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).
• Adolescent population in 2011 - 2.34 crore
• Adolescent population in 2036 - 2.64 crore ( Increased by 13% from 2011)

ADOLESCENT POPULATION IN BIHAR (PROJECTED) , CENSUS 2011,RGI

2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036

Male 53.5 52.4 51.4 51.8 52.5 52.3

Female 46.5 47.6 48.6 48.2 47.5 47.7

EXPENDITURE ON CHILDREN -
• Child budgeting start - 2013-14
• Expenditure on child development - 18% of state budget
• Between 2016-17 and 2022-23, expenditure for children increased at an annual rate of 19.4% and per capita
expenditure increased 2.8 times from Rs. 3275 in 2016-17 to Rs. 9131 in 2022-23.
• Likewise, the share of expenditure as a percentage of GSDP is around 5 percent.
Sustainable Development Goals
• Within the National Indicator Framework, 49 indicators of SDG are directly related to children in the scope of survival,
development, protection and participation.
• As per the SDG India Index 2023-24 report, released in July, 2024, out of 113 indicators, 28 indicators across 7 SDGs
are directly related to children.
• Out of 28 indicators, Bihar has scored better than the national average on one-third (9 out of 28) indicators.
Survival, Health and Nutrition Layout
• The indicators pertinent for evaluating the health status of children below five years are-Infant Mortality Rate (IMR),
Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR), Neo-Natal Mortality Rate (NMR), Peri-Natal Mortality Rate (PMR), and
Immunisation.
• There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and mortality; and, as such, child health should be improved
through nutritional interventions.
• Along with other indicators, three main parameters to assess the health and nutrition of a child are - children under 5
years of age who are stunted (height-for-age), wasted (weight-for-height) and underweight (weight-for-age).
Stunting, Wasting and Underweight
• Stunting, wasting and underweight are the three indicators of malnutrition.
o Stunting means children under 5 years of age who are too short for their age and signifies chronic under-
nutrition.
o Wasting is a weight-for-height index, which measures the adequacy of body mass in relation to body height and
reflects current nutritional status.
✓ Wasting may result due to inadequate food intake or a recent episode of illness causing weight loss.

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o Underweight is the weight-for- age which is a composite index of height-for-age and weight-for-height. It
considers both acute and chronic under-nutrition.
• On comparing National Family Health Survey 4 and 5 (NFHS 4 and 5), it is seen that:
o The stunting of children under 5 years in Bihar has come down from 48.3 percent to 42.9 percent, registering a
decline of 5.4 percentage points.
o Also, in the case of underweight children, the figures have come down from 43.9 percent to 41.0 percent,
indicating a decrease of 2.9 percentage points.

COMPARING NFHS 4 AND 5

Child Stunting Underweight Wasting

NFHS 4 48.3% 43.9% 20.8%

NFHS 5 42.9% 41% 22.9%

Anaemia in Children (6-59 months):

• Childhood anaemia remains a major public health problem in India and Bihar, as it adversely affects child development
and overall health outcomes.
o The condition of low levels of haemoglobin in the blood is anaemia.
• Iron is a key component of haemoglobin, and the leading cause of anaemia is iron deficiency.
o Other causes of anaemia include malaria, hookworm and other helminths, other nutritional deficiencies, chronic
infections, and genetic conditions.
• Anaemia is a serious concern for children, because it can damage cognitive development, stunt growth, and increase
morbidity for infectious diseases.
• As per NFHS-5, 69.4% of children in age group 6-59 months in Bihar are suffering from anaemia. (NFHS 4 -63.5%)
Development Programme for Children
According to the projected data derived from the 2011 Census, there are 19.9 million children in Bihar aged between 0 and
6 years. Both Central and State governments are implementing various development programmes to improve children's
welfare. Some of these programmes include:
• Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
• The budget provision for ICDS has increased annually at the rate of 12 percent from Rs. 988.70 crore in 2017-18 to
Rs. 2064.14 crore in 2023-24.
• Out of the budget provision of Rs. 2064.14 crore for ICDS in 2023-24, Rs. 1861.08 crore was released by the
Government of India.
BIHAR GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES UNDER SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION PROGRAMME (SNP) -
• Sudha milk - Anganwadi cenres between 3 and 6 years of age are provided Sudha milk powder two days in a week.
• Egg - Egg is being given to the children of 3 to 6 years of age , those who do not eat eggs are provided roasted peanuts
two days in a week .
• Poshan Abhiyaan: Presently, 1.05 lakh beneficiaries have been connected by Poshan Tracker and 95% of them have
Aadhar certification.

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SCHEME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLs (SAG) -
• For girls of 14 -18 years age group, It is implemented in 13 aspirational district of Bihar
• Under the nutrition component, supplementary nutrition containing 600 calories, 18-20 gm of protein and
micronutrient is provided in the form of Take-Home Ration (THR) for a maximum of 300 days in a year.
• Financial norm is Rs. 9.50 per beneficiary for 300 days in a year.
• The share of cost between Union and Bihar is 50:50.
• In 2023-24, 1.15 lakh girls got the benefit of the scheme.
• For 2024-25, a budget allocation of Rs. 4198.89 lakh was made, out of which Rs. 3149.16 lakh was the central share
and Rs. 1049.73 lakh was the state share.
Financing Nutrition
• The overall budget for Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) rose from 3800.18 crore (2019-20) to
4611.53 crore (2023-24) indicating an increase at the rate of 4.3% annually.
• Likewise, the budget allocated for nutrition under ICDS grew at an annual rate of 1.3 percent, increasing from Rs.
1791.89 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 2064.72 crore in 2023-24.
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
• The objectives of the PMMVY is to provide cash incentives for partial compensation for the wage loss so that the
woman can take adequate rest before and after the delivery of her first child.
• Under this component, free meals are provided during pregnancy and six months after the childbirth through the local
Anganwadi to meet the nutritional standards; and maternity benefit of Rs. 5000 is given in two installments.
• The benefit is available to a woman for the first two living children provided the second is a girl.
o In case of the first child, the amount of Rs. 5000 is given in two installments and for the second, the benefit of
Rs. 6000 will be provided in one installment subject to the condition that the second child is a girl child.
• However, for availing the benefits for the second child, registration during the pregnancy shall be mandatory.
• This will lead to improvement in the SRB and prevent female foeticide.
Drinking water and sanitation
• As per the latest SDG India Index 2023-24, on the child indicator denoting the percentage of schools with separate
toilet facilities for girls, which comes under goal 6 of the SDGs, Bihar's score is 92 percent.
• Thus, ensuring the availability of adequate safe water and proper sanitation facilities is an essential component of a
school infrastructure.
• Presently, against the approved 1,15,009 AWCs, 1,02,242 have the facility of drinking water and 96,251 centres have
the toilet facility.
Educational Programme for Young Children
Education increases the capabilities of individuals and becomes a catalyst for the closely interrelated economic, social,
cultural, and demographic changes that lead to the overall development of a society.
• The Indian Education System, according to the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, now has 5+3+3+4 of schooling,
which includes early childhood education under the domain of formal schooling.
• Pre- school children, Early Childhood care and education (ECCE), Pre- school education programme, Pre - school
education kit, Child assessment cards, Provisioning of uniform, Local monitoring and supervision committee,
community engagement, out-of-school children are some educational programmes for young children in Bihar.

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NUMBER OF OUT OF SCHOOL CHILDREN(2023-24)

Category 6-10 years 11-13 years

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

All 10537 7949 18486 8435 6364 14799

SC 3633 2741 6374 1558 1175 2733

ST 440 332 772 189 142 331

Minority 2039 1539 3578 874 660 1534

Sports and Physical Education -

As per sports and physical education item there is a budgetary provision of Rs.5000 per primary school,Rs. 10000 per
middle school and Rs. 25000 per secondary and higher secondary school for the purchase of sports material at school level.
o Fund sanctioned in 2022-23 - Rs. 6910.25 lakh
o Number of school - 75424
• Construction of playground in each gram panchayat under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA - 3 types of playgrounds
are being developed in rural area -
o Type I : Large Ground ( upto 4 acres) - Estimated cost Rs. 9.94 Lakh
o Type II : Medium Ground (1-1.5 acres) - Estimated cost Rs. 9.12 Lakh
o Type III: Small field (Less than 1 acres)- Estimated cost Rs. 8.28 Lakh
• Inclusive Education for Children With Special Need ( CWSN) -
o For the Children of age group 6-18 years.
o Some initiatives of Bihar government are - Sports event , Braille Stationary material, Stipend for girls, Enhance
of Skill (“SPARSH for Blind CWSN), Home based Education.
Child Protection
Numerous children, in Bihar and beyond, encounter various vulnerabilities in accessing quality nutrition, healthcare,
education, and additional services. Moreover, children frequently face new challenges such as online exploitation, climate
change, and both natural and man-made disasters. To address these issues concerning the safety and well-being of children,
the State Government has already implemented certain initiatives.
• Mission Vatsalya
o For this scheme, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) has been executed between the Government of Bihar
and the Central government to facilitate the implementation at various levels.
o The primary goals of this scheme include enhancing the well-being of children facing challenging circumstances
and mitigating their exposure to situations that may result in abuse, neglect, exploitation, abandonment, or
separation.
o In the subsequent fiscal year 2023-24, the allocation has increased to Rs. 5013.00 lakh for the Central share and
Rs. 3200.00 lakh for the State share.

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o In the subsequent fiscal year 2024-25, the allocation has increased to Rs. 5461.89 lakh for the Central share and
Rs. 3734.74 lakh for the State share.
• Parvarish
o This programme is designed to assist family-based or kinship care for the following categories: (i) children who
are orphans, (ii) minors affected by or living with HIV, (iii) individuals affected by grade-II leprosy, (iv) children
whose parents are imprisoned due to any legal verdict, and (v) children whose parents have mental disabilities
that prevent them from providing sufficient care.
o Under this programme, a monthly assistance of Rs. 1000 is provided to each child until they reach the age of 18.
o In the fiscal year 2023-24, out of a budget allocation of Rs. 1500 lakh, about Rs. 1407 lakh was spent under the
scheme.
• Track Child and Khoya-Paya
o The Track Child portal has been made functional since 2012. This portal facilitates the matching of 'missing'
children being reported at Police stations with those 'found' children who are residing in the Child Care
Institutions (CCIs).
• Child Helpline (1098) Services
o Under the Mission Vatsalya scheme, the Child Helpline is run in coordination with the State and District
functionaries and integrated with the Emergency Response Support System-112 (ERSS-112) helpline of the
Ministry of Home Affairs.
o Presently, it is operational in 26 districts and child help desks are available at 11 railway stations of Bihar.
• Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
o The Government of India amended the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act in 2021 which is
the primary legislation for ensuring the safety, security, dignity and well-being of children.
o The Act provides for protection of children in need of care and protection, and those in conflict with law by
catering to their basic needs through care, protection, development, treatment and social re-integration.
• Mukhyamantri School Safety Programme (MSSP)
o An annual calendar has been prepared and every school is following "Safe Saturday" activities as per the calendar
under this programme.
o In 2022-23, an orientation programme for school safety was organised in which a total of 3,84,611 teachers from
elementary and secondary schools have been trained.
o A "First Aid Kit" was also provided to 74,934 elementary and secondary schools.
o A chapter on Disaster Management has been included in the textbooks of the school.
Child Participation
Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) establishes child participation as a right, stating that "States
shall ensure that the child capable of expressing his or her views has the right to freely express those views in all matters
affecting the child." Currently, both State and Central governments have developed programmes to encourage children's
involvement in the decision-making process to guarantee their active participation in all planning efforts. Some of them
are:
• Kishori Manch
o Drop-out of girl students at the secondary level is a major challenge, especially for children belonging to
educationally backward Minority/SC/ST communities.
o Apart from this, there are many social reasons which make it difficult for girl students to stay in school.

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o So, to address this, in 2022-23, the Kishori Manch Programme was implemented in 1300 Secondary/Higher
Secondary schools of 13 districts viz. Araria, Banka, Bhagalpur, Darbhanga, Gopalganj, Katihar, Kishanganj,
Madhubani, Muzaffarpur, Purnia, Sitamarhi, Siwan and Supaul.
• Child Cabinet (Bal Sansad)
o These cabinets consist of a committee of 12 students and have been implemented by the State government across
all primary schools.
o Their primary responsibility is to support the school management in promoting greater involvement of children
in the educational process.
o The Bal Sansads aim to foster democratic values among children by developing leadership skills and enhancing
communication abilities.
• Bal Samvad Adalat (Courts of Dialogue with Children)
o Offenders committing minor infractions are effectively addressed through the 'Bal Samvad Adalat,' which has
been instituted at the Patna High Court and operates on principles of dialogue and consultation with the children,
facilitated by Juvenile Justice Boards at the district level.
o This innovative approach is unique to Bihar, with the first special Child Dialogue Court already operational at
the Civil Court in Patna.
o Furthermore, a 'Bal Mitra Nyayalaya' is in the process of being established in all districts across Bihar.
• Meena Manch
o A significant initiative introduced by the State government is the establishment of 'Meena Manch' aimed at girls
in upper primary classes.
o This group comprises 20 girls, including 15 from upper primary schools and five who have either dropped out or
have only completed education up to Class V.
✓Within these Meena Manch participants, one girl is chosen as 'Meena Prerak'.
✓Additionally, a female teacher from each model cluster school is appointed as *Meena Sugamkarta' to
facilitate the activities of the Meena Manch in their respective schools.
o The aim is to raise awareness among girls regarding their rights and responsibilities to foster leadership skills.
FLAGSHIP SCHEMES FOR CHILD DEVELOPMENT -
• Mukhyamantri Balika / Balak cycle yojana ( Rs.3000)-
o This incentive amount is given to the students studying in class 9 and who must have completed 75% of their
attendance .
o In 2023-24 Rs.141.58 crore has been distributed to 4.72 lakh students .
• Mukhyamantri Balika /Balak Poshak yojana (Class 1 to 8) -
o In 2023-24 - Rs. 282.22 crore for 43.71 lakh girl students.
o In 2023-24 - Rs. 228.90 crore for 37.70 lakh boy student
• Mukhyamantri Balika/ Balak Protsahan Evam Chhatravriti Yojana -
o The student who passes their 10th class in the First division gets an amount of Rs.10000.
o In 2023-24 Rs. 90.35 crore was distributed to 0.90 lakh students.
• Bihar Shatabdi Mukhyamantri Balika Poshak Yojana -
o For the girls students of class 9 to 12.
o Rs.1500 is transferred to the bank account of the student.

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o In 2023-24 Rs. 123.01 crore was distributed among 8.20 lakh girls.
• Mukhyamantri Kishori swasthya Yojana -
o Rs.300 transferred to the bank account of girls students of class 7 to 12.
o In 2023-24, Rs. 28.40 crore was distributed to 9.47 lakh students.

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14. ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Bihar is one of the fastest growing economies in the country. The state government is progressing towards development
with environmental sustainability. The state has recorded a double - digit growth in the forestry and logging sector’s
contribution to the GSVA. This sector grew by more than 3 times between 2011-12 and 2023-24.
• The average annual temperature varied from 21.2 Celsius in 2017 to 24.7° Celsius in 2023.
• During the last five years (2020-25), the State government has allocated a budget of Rs. 41,809 crore for several
initiatives of sustainable environment.
• Due to the State government's efforts, forest cover has increased by 687 sq km during 2011-2023.
• The State government regularly monitors the quality of ambient air by utilizing 35 Continuous Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) and the water quality of the Ganga river at 34 locations fortnightly, in addition to its
tributaries and ponds at 70 locations.
• Presently, Rs. 4515.70 crore has been allocated for the implementation by the Water Resource Department under the
Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali scheme.
• There are several river-linking projects which will improve water management, agriculture productivity and diversity,
employment opportunities, green cover, food security, economic development, command area development, and
market facilities.
• Also, the State government has formed the Bihar State Disaster Management Service cadre for disaster management
at the local level.
Rainfall Pattern -
The average annual rainfall in Bihar during 2011-24 - 1004.6 mm
• Nearly 88% of this recorded during southwest monsoon.
• Minimum rainfall - 77% of the annual average ( 2013)
• Maximum rainfall - 140.7% of the annual average (2021)
• 2024-25 (up to september)
• Highest rainfall - Kishanganj (2127.5 mm)
• Lowest rainfall - Kaimur (711.2 mm)

PATTERN OF SEASON WISE ANNUAL RAINFALL (in mm)

Year Winter rain Hot-weather rain South-west monsoon North-west Annual

monsoon

2023 1.3 78.6 849.6 100.7 1030.2

2024(sept) 16 100.6 886.8 — 1003.4

Trends of Temperature
Bihar has a humid sub-tropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. On an
average, Bihar's hot summers (40-42℃) and mild winters (7-8℃) define its humid subtropical
climate.
• 13 Years Annual average temperature - 23.6० C

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o Maximum temperature- 46.4० C (2012)
o Minimum temperature - 1.1० C (2013)
Growth of Forestry and Logging
• Contribution of Forestry and Logging sector in the GSVA at constant price - 10.7% (2011-12 to 2023-24).
o It grew from Rs. 4187 crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 13,549 crore in 2023-24.
• It contributed nearly 7% to the agriculture sector and nearly 2% in the overall GSVA in 2023-24.
Public Expenditure on Climate Change-related Issues
• Green budget - Since 2020-21
• The expenditure on climate related issues has increased more than 4 times from Rs. 3308 crore in 2020-21 to Rs.
13,823 crore in 2024-25 (BE).
Forest Resources -
• As per the Forest report (2023), the forest cover in Bihar has increased by 687 sq. km. during 2011-2023.
o Total area covered under forest and tree grew by 0.9 %.
o Forest survey of India estimated the state’s total green area- 13896 sq.km. (14.75% ) in 2019 based on LISS-IV
(high resolution satellite imagery).
• Between 2011 and 2023, open forest grew by 527 sq km followed by very dense forest area, which has increased by
156 sq km.
o Highest very dense forest - West champaran (303.8 sq km)
o Highest moderately dense forest - West champaran(527.3 sq km)
o Lowest moderately dense forest - Jehanabad (0.1 sq km)
o Highest Open forest - Kaimur (499.7 sq km)
o lowest Open forest - Arwal (2.6 sq km)

AREA UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOREST

Year Area under Forest % of % of forest and tree Very Moderately Open
forest and tree (sq.km) forest cover in Geographical dense dense forest forest
cover (sq.km.) cover area forest

2011 9214 6845 7.3 9.8 231 32804 (7.9) 3334 (48.7)
(3.4)

2023 9903 7532 8.0 10.7 387 3284 (43.6) 3861 (51.3)
(5.1)

Carbon Stock
The Forest Survey of India estimates the carbon stock in forests and from trees outside forests for reporting Green House
Gas inventory.
• The carbon stock for 2023 has been estimated - 58451 thousand tonnes.
o 1570 thousand tonnes increased between 2021 and 2023.

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o This additional forest carbon pool is substantially contributed by the soil organic carbon (63 percent), followed
by above ground biomass (26 percent).
o Contribution -
✓ Above ground Biomass - 15166 thousand tonnes
✓ Below ground Biomass - 5330 thousand tonnes
✓ Deadwood - 741 thousand tonnes
✓ Litter - 621 thousand tonnes
✓ Soil Organic Carbon - 36593 thousand tonnes
Forest fire -
• Highest incident - 2023-24 .(771)
• Half of these happened in Valmiki tiger reserve (VTR) - HIGHEST
o VTR -1 -267
o VTR -2- 238
• Total Burnt area - 1404.9 hectares
Diversion of Forest Land -
• A Total of 349 projects were carried out in forest area, converting 2129 hectares of forest land for non - forest purposes
during the last five years (2019-20 to 2023-24)

DIVERSION OF FOREST LAND FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES

Year 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

No. of projects 70 47 78 87 67

Area diverted to non-forest uses (in ha) 377.7 432.8 329 486.2 502.8

Some Programmes related to forestry, wildlife, biodiversity and other environmental schemes are -

SCHEME OBJECTIVES

Hariyali mission Under this scheme large scale plantation is being undertaken to increase the green over .A
total 20.77 lakh plants have been planted with the help of farmers.

Bamboo Mission To planted bamboo on government land /private land.

Agro forestry - poplar Poplar saplings are made available at a price of Rs.10 per sapling during december - january.
(ETP) scheme

Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali To conserve water resources through check dam, boulder check dam garland trenching.
Abhiyan

Namami - Gange Under this project , the Government of India planned to ensure clean and continuous flow of
the ganga.

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Wetland Conservation and Development in Bihar
• As per the National Wetland atlas 2010 there are 4416 wetland in Bihar each with an area of at least 2.25 hectares and
the number of smaller wetland (with area of less than 2.25 hectares) is 17582.
o The Bihar state wetland authority has selected 133 wetland for conservation and development in the first phase
with plantation activities.
o Health card and Brief documents of 80 wetlands have been prepared and uploaded to the Ministry’s website.
BIODIVERSITY AND WILDLIFE -
• Towards protecting biodiversity and wildlife the state government has been expanding its agenda continuously across
the wildlife and bird sanctuaries in the state .
o These include: the Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary, Valmiki tiger reserve division -I and II, Kaimur wildlife
sanctuary, Udaipur WS, Bhimbandh WS, Gautam buddha WS Rajgir WS and Rajauli WS.
• The State also has a number of bird sanctuaries - Kusheshwar Asthan Bird Sanctuary, Baraila Jheel Bird Sanctuary,
Nakti Dam Bird Sanctuary, Nagi Dam Bird Sanctuary, and Kanwar Jheel Bird Sanctuary.
• There is the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary located in Bhagalpur to protect endangered species of
Gangetic Dolphins.
• Conservation reserves in the state include Gogabil Conservation Reserve and Bhaluni Dham Conservation Reserve,
located in Purnea and Rohtas, respectively.
• Some of the initiatives of the department of environment , forest and climate change towards the conservation
of wildlife are- Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin sanctuary, CSS project for tiger and elephant, CSS integrated
development of wildlife habitat etc.
• Other Initiatives:
o National Dolphin Research Centre, Patna (NDRC) will be India's and Asia's first Dolphin Research Centre. It
will be set up on the banks of the Ganga river in the Patna University campus in Patna;
o For protection of Dolphins, the Encouragement-cum-Compensation scheme for fishermen and citizens has been
started by the State government, involving a cash compensation/encouragement of up to Rs. 20,000 amount and
felicitation on 'Dolphin Day';
o In-principle approval of the State government has been received for setting up a 'Gharial Incubation-cum-
Interpretation Centre' at Bettiah, West Champaran in collaboration with the WTI;
o Establishment of a 'Turtle Research & Monitoring Station' in Araria is under consideration;
o Signing up of an MoU with (BNHS) in COP 13 and setting up a 'Bird Ringing and Monitoring Station' in
Bhagalpur is being undertaken with the technical collaboration of BNHS;
o Annual Waterbird Census has been held regularly with the help of volunteers since 2022, which is the biggest
citizen science initiative undertaken by the Department of Forest;
o Use of the BRMS mobile app has been initiated.
o In AWC 2024, 84 wetlands have been covered, 220 species and 80,246 individuals have been counted;
o In the light of the decision taken in the 9th meeting of the State Wildlife Council in 2020 and the in-principle
consent given by the NTCA, action is being taken to declare Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary as a Tiger Reserve;
o After getting approval from the State Wildlife Board, the establishment of Raniganj Biological Park in Araria
as the third zoo of Bihar is under process;
o After getting approval from the State Wildlife Board, the establishment of Nawanagar Rescue-cum-
Rehabilitation Centre for Black Buck in the Buxar district is under process.

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Environmental Pollution
Human activities through urbanization, industrialization, mining, and exploration are at the forefront of environmental
pollution. Along with this, natural and anthropogenic sources also add to this.
• Air pollution
o Reasons: It is the result of a complex mix of natural and anthropogenic activities, such as industrial and vehicular
emissions, combustion of fossil fuels, construction site dust, domestic fuel burning and open waste burning.
✓ Natural occurrences such as forest fires, pollen grains, radioactive elements and biological decay also
contribute to air pollution.
o Ambient air Quality Monitoring
✓ Monitoring in Urban Areas: The Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) consistently oversees the
quality of ambient air by utilizing 35 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations (CAAQMS) that
are set up across 23 districts within the state.
✓ The parameters include PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, 03, NH3, BTX, along with meteorological factors
such as AT, RH, WS, WD, and SR, which are observed using CAAQMS.
✓ Monitoring in Rural Areas: The BSPCB has established one CAAQMS at the Forest Rest House,
Manguraha in West Champaran which represents rural areas.
o Air Quality Index (AQI)
✓ The AQI acts as a tool that simplifies complex air quality data from various pollutants into a single numerical
value (Index Value), along with a name and colour coding.
✓ There are six categories of AQI: Good (0-50), Satisfactory (51-100), Moderate (101-200), Poor (201-300),
Very Poor (301-400), and Severe (>401).
• Noise Monitoring
o Bihar's cities and towns are experiencing an increase in noise pollution, owing to construction activities, traffic,
loudspeakers, and firecrackers during festivities.
o The BSPCB is monitoring the noise levels in a number of neighbourhoods in Patna in order to develop monitoring
systems and reduce noise pollution.
• Water Quality Monitoring
o The BSPCB regularly monitors water quality of Ganga at 34 locations fortnightly, in addition to its tributaries
and ponds at 70 locations on a monthly basis.
o The water quality of Ganga indicates the presence of a higher value of bacteriological population (Total Coliform
and Faecal Coliform).
• Plastic Waste Management:
o The State government has notified a complete ban on the manufacture, import, store, transport, sale and use of
plastic carry bags (irrespective of their size and thickness) in Bihar since 2018 in all ULBs and Gram Panchayats.
Water Resources
• Bihar has ample surface water and groundwater resources, which are regularly replenished by various rivers and their
tributaries, as well as rainfall, particularly during the southwest monsoon.
• Being part of the Gangetic Plains, Bihar benefits from significant rivers like the Ganga and Gandak.
o Kosi and Gandak rivers can be found in North Bihar, while
o South Bihar features Sone, Phalgu, Punpun, Sakari, and Chanan.

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• The condition of surface water infrastructure in the state as of 2023 shows that there are 968 canals, 4819
tubewells, 464 tanks (including Ahar pyne, ponds, and check dams), and 26 reservoirs.
• Water Quality
o The Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) has created a Water Quality Monitoring Protocol to assess
water and ensure that an effective surveillance system is established.
o It has been mandated to conduct testing of water samples once in two months for arsenic and fluoride in the areas
impacted, once in four months in wards affected by iron, and assessment is done at least twice in a year in wards
not affected by quality issues.

STATUS OF WATER QUALITY AFFECTED RURAL WARDS

Chemical Affected Affected hhs (in Wards Functional household tap

contamination wards lakh) completed connection ( in Lakh)

Arsenic 4709 6.98 4709 6.74

Fluride 3789 4.67 3784 4.64

Iron 21709 36.03 21286 35.13

Total 30207 47.68 29779 46.51

Initiatives of the Department of Water Resources

Ganga Jal Apurti Scheme • This initiative is designed to pump plentiful surface water from the river Ganga near
: Maranchi village in the Mokama block under the Patna district during the monsoon
months (July to October).
• The water collected will be directed underground to storage reservoirs through
pipeline, which will later be treated and made accessible for drinking and domestic
needs in the cities of Gaya, Bodhgaya, Rajgir, and Nawada.
• Administrative approval of Rs. 4515.70 crore has been accorded for the
implementation of this scheme by the Water Resource Department under the Jal-
Jeevan-Hariyali scheme.
• Under Ganga Jal Apurti Scheme part II : drinking water will be supplied to Bihar
Sharif town.
o For this administrative approval of Rs. 1110.21 crore has been provided to
construct a reservoir in Madhuban in Nawada district.

Drinking Water Scheme • The work of providing drinking water to the cities of Aurangabad, Dehri, and
under the Jal Jeevan Sasaram using surface water available in the Son River at a cost of Rs. 1347.32
Hariyali Mission. crore is underway.
o The scheme is expected to be completed by December, 2026.

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• Work is in progress to provide drinking water from the Durgawati Reservoir to the
cities of Bhabua and Mohania at a cost of Rs. 198.58 crore.T
o he scheme is targeted to be completed by September, 2025.
Note:
• The distribution of water will be in accordance with the domestic water demand for
the projected population of these cities in 2051.
• The scheme is targeted to be completed by September, 2025.

Tal Development Plan : • The Department is determined to make better use and management of water in the
Tal area of Patna, Nalanda, Sheikhpura and Lakhisarai at an estimated cost of
Rs. 1178.50 crore.

Gaya Ji Dam (Rubber • The Gayaji Dam, India's longest rubber dam, has been constructed near the
Dam) on the Falgu River : Vishnupad temple of Gaya to address water scarcity in the Falgu river.
• The dam has been designed to store water during the monsoon season and release it
throughout the year.
• It has been built 360 meters downstream from the temple.
• This is the first of its kind in the state with an estimated cost of Rs. 334 crore.
• Its length is 411 meters and height is 3 meters, and it comprises 6 spans, each 65
meters in length.

Rejuvenation of Dead • The Department has initiated a scheme to rejuvenate the old Lakhandei river in the
Rivers : Sitamarhi district and the Ganga river in Bakhtiyarpur.

Bihar Kosi Basin The objective of the component financed by the World Bank: Improving flood risk
Development Project management under BKBDP is to increase the capacity of the Water Resources Department
(BKBDP) : (WRD) to manage flood risk and to decrease vulnerability to floods in the Kosi River
Basin.
1. Embankment strengthening
2. Physical modelling Centre (PMC) at Birpur as Centre of Excellence
3. Mathematical Modelling Centre (MMC) at Patna as Centre of Excellence:
Presently at MMC, flood forecasting is done for five river basins namely Gandak,
Bagmati-Adhwara, Kosi, Mahananda and Ganga River during Monsoon Period (from
June to October).

Other Initiatives • Raising, strengthening and puckkikaran of Kamla Balan Embankment (Left and
Right)
o Phase - I (Pipraghat to Thengha Bridges)
o Phase - II (From Fatki Kutti to Punach of L.K.B.E and Thengha to Palwa of
R.K.B.E.)

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o Phase - III (From Jainagar to Kasama, Pirahi to Pipraghat, Punach to

Ghoghepur of L.K.B.E. and from Jainagar to Bhatgama and Palwa to Phuhia of
R.K.B.E.)
• Construction of New Embankment from Hasanpur-Baniya to Saguni in length
8.33 km with protection work
• River Linking of Gandak-Akali Nala (Chhari)-Gandaki-Mahi-Ganga
• Restoration of Saran Embankment from km 80.00 to km 120.28 with Provision of
Bituminous Road on the Top of the Embankment

DISASTER MANAGEMENT-
• In the past few decades the occurrence and severity of climate related disasters have risen significantly .
o In 2023-24 flood affected 3.6 lakh persons of 6 districts.

LOSS AND DAMAGE TO LIFE AND PROPERTY DURING NATURAL DISASTERS (2023-24)

Type of natural District People Crop area affected crop production loss LIvestock affected
calamity affected affected (lakh ha) RS. lakh) (lakh)
(in lakh)

Flood 6 3.16 0 0 0.43

drought 0 0 0 0 0

LIVES LOST AND INJURIES DUE TO VARIOUS DISASTERS (2023-24)

Type of loss Death Injured

Flood 0 0

Hailstorm 0 0

Heatwave 12 0

Lighting 242 37

Road accident NA NA

• The total fund allocated for management of disaster in 2023-24 was Rs.574.29 crore .Also a set of guidelines for
disaster risk reduction and risk manageent has been developed
• Initiatives for managing disasters are -
o Formation of Bihar State disaster management service cadre,
o Creation of standard operating procedures,

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o Modernization of State Emergency Operation Centre (SEOC):
✓ For the purpose of real-time reporting during disasters, app-based monitoring, tracking of facilities and
resources, assessment of disaster situation in GIS map, inter-departmental coordination, etc. have been
implemented by the department.
✓ Further, the Decision Support System in SEOC was established in January, 2024.
o Flood preparedness and management: In alignment with the "Risk Reduction Roadmap 2015-2031,"
JEEVIKA has been tasked to create livelihood opportunities while mitigating disaster risks.
o Disaster Risk Reduction etc

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15. Bihar Economic Survey 2024-25 MCQs

Q1. Which of the following statements are correct as per Bihar Economic Survey 2024-25?
1. The size of Bihar’s economy at current prices has increased 3.5 times, rising from Rs, 2.47 lakh crore in 2011-12
to Rs. 8.54 lakh crore in 2023-24.
2. The GSDP in 2023-24 is estimated to have increased by 14.5 percent at constant prices (2011-12) prices compared
to the previous year.
3. The per capita GSDP in Bihar at current prices is estimated to have increased by 12.8 percent to Rs. 66,828 in
2023-24 over the previous year.
Select the correct statements using the codes given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3 only
Answer: (C)
Explanation:
• As per the latest available Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) figures, calculated from the base year of 201 1-
12, the size of Bihar’s economy at current prices has increased 3.5 times, rising from Rs, 2.47 lakh crore in 2011-
12 to Rs. 8.54 lakh crore in 2023-24. Statement 1 is correct.
• The GSDP in 2023-24 is estimated to have increased by 14.5 percent at current prices and 9.2 percent at constant
(2011-12) prices, respectively, compared to the previous year. So, statement 2 is incorrect.
• The per capita GSDP in Bihar at current and constant (2011-12) prices is estimated to have increased by 12.8
percent to Rs. 66,828 and by 7.6 percent to Rs. 36,333, respectively, in 2023-24 over the previous year. Statement
3 is correct.

Q2. Which of the following correctly represents the contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector
respectively to Gross State Value Added (GSVA) in Bihar at constant (2011-12) prices?
A. 19.9%, 21.5%, 58.6%
B. 18.7%, 21.7%. 59.6%
C. 19.7%, 21.6%, 58.7%
D. 18.9%, 22.5%, 58.6%
Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• According to the latest available estimates:
• The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar for the year 2023-24 is estimated to be Rs. 8,54,429 crore at
current prices and Rs. 4,64,540 crore at constant (2011-12) prices.
• The contribution of the tertiary sector to the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) in Bihar at constant (2011-12) prices
is estimated to be 58.6 percent, followed by 21.5 percent from the secondary sector and 19.9 percent from the
primary sector,

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Q.3. In the 2023-24 fiscal year, what percentage of the total revenue received by the Bihar State government
originated from its own tax and non-tax sources?
A. 25.7%
B. 27.7%
C. 28.7%
D. 29.7%
Answer: (B)
Explanation:
• In the 2023-24 fiscal year, 27.7 percent of the total revenue received by the State government originated from its
own tax and non-tax sources.
• Revenue from the State's own tax sources increased by 9.9 percent, rising from Rs. 44,018 crore in 2022-23 to Rs.
48,361 crore in 2023-24.
• Additionally, revenue from non-tax sources experienced a significant boost of 27.1 percent, growing from Rs. 4,135
crore in 2022-23 to Rs. 5,257 crore in 2023-24.

Q4. Arrange the following states in descending order based on their growth rate in the transport and
communication sector during 2011-24:
1. Bihar
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Karnataka
Select the correct order from the given options:
A. Uttar Pradesh > Bihar > Karnataka
B. Uttar Pradesh > Karnataka > Bihar
C. Karnataka > Uttar Pradesh > Bihar
D. Bihar > Karnataka > Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (B)
Explanation:
• Bihar registered the third highest growth (7.6 percent) in the transport and communication sector during 2011-24,
after Uttar Pradesh (10.1 percent) and Karnataka (7.7 percent) among the major states of India.
• So, the correct order is Uttar Pradesh>Karnataka>Bihar.
• As a result of high growth recorded in this sector, the contribution of this sector has gradually increased and reached
Rs. 47,313 crore in 2023-24 from Rs. 17,545 crore in 7011-13.
• The contribution of this sector in the overall Bihar GSVA has also gone up by 3.0 percentage points from 7.3
percent to 10.2 percent in the same period.

Q5. As per Bihar Economic Survey 2024-25, which of the following statements regarding Bihar is/are correct?
1. Bihar is the third largest state in India in terms of population, accounting for 8.6% of the country's population in
2011.
2. Bihar ranks 12th among Indian states in terms of geographical area, covering 2.86% of the national area.
3. As of 2019, Bihar ranked 5th among all Indian states in terms of road network.

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Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3 only
Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• Bihar is the third largest state in terms of population, having 8.6 percent of the country’s population in 2011.
• The state is the 12th largest in the country on account of area holding, which is 2.86 percent of the national area.
• In terms of road network, Bihar is placed at the 8th position among all Indian states, as of 2019. Statement 3 is
incorrect.
• Bihar is placed at the fifth position in transport motor vehicles registration and seventh in nontransport motor
vehicles registration among major Indian states.

Q6. BHAVYA platform has been launched to support which of the following sectors in Bihar?
A. Agriculture
B. Education
C. Transport
D. Healthcare
Answer: (D)
Explanation:
• Bihar Health Application Visionary Yojana for All (BHAVYA)
• It is providing a one-stop digital platform that supports everyday functions at the government health facilities of
Bihar and streamlines the OPD and IPD functionalities, right from a patient’s registration till discharge.

Q7. By what percentage has Bihar’s population increased in 2023 as per Bihar Caste-based survey 2023 compared
to Census 2011?
A. 25.6%
B. 24.5%
C. 26.5%
D. 27.6%
Answer: (A)
Explanation:
• The state’s population is estimated to be 13,07,25,310 in 2023, as per the latest available data from Bihar caste-
based survey.
• The population of the state is 25.6 percent higher than the population as per Census 2011 (10.40,99,452).
• The population growth in the state remained higher than the all India average, as it had increased by 25,] percent
during the decade 2001-2011, compared to the decadal growth of 17.6 percent for all-India during the same period.
• In terms of ranking, Bihar was the third highest among states in terms of population, behind Uttar Pradesh and
Maharashtra as per Census 2011.

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Important Data from Bihar Caste-based Survey 2023

• As per these estimates, the share of Bihar in the total population of India has increased from 8.6 percent in
Census 2011 to 9.4 percent in the year 2023.
• The population density in the state has increased from 1106 people per square km in Census 2011 to 1388 as
per the estimated population in 2023.
• The sex-ratio of the state is reported to be 953 females per 1000 males in 2023, which is higher than 918 in
Census 2011. suggesting an improvement in the recent decade.

Q8. What was the contribution of the forestry and logging sector to Bihar’s GSVA in 2023-24 at current (2011-12)
prices?
A. Rs. 11, 549 crore
B. Rs. 12, 549 crore
C. Rs 13, 549 crore
D. Rs. 14, 549 crore
Answer: (C)
Explanation:
• The contribution of the forestry and logging sector in the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at current (2011-12)
prices grew by 10.7 percent from Rs. 4187 crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 13,549 crore in 2023-24.
• The expenditures on climate-related issues have increased more than four times from Rs. 3308 crore in 2020-21 to
Rs. 13,823 crore in 2024-25 (Budget Estimates).

• As per the India State of Forest Report (2023), the forest cover in Bihar has increased by 687 sq. km. during
2011-2023.
• Between 2011 and 2023, open forests grew by 527 sq km, followed by very dense forest area, which has
increased by 156 sq km. Open forests constitute more than half of the forests, while moderately dense forests
contribute 44 percent.
• The carbon stock for 2023 has been estimated to be 58451 thousand tonnes. There is an increase of 1570
thousand tonnes of carbon stock between 2021 and 2023.

Q9. Which of the following statements is correct regarding Bihar’s per capita energy consumption?
A. It decreased from 363 kWh in 2012 to 134 kWh in 2024.
B. It almost tripled from 134 kWh in 2012 to 363 kWh in 2024.
C. It doubled from 134 kWh in 2012 to 268 kWh in 2024.
D. It remained the same between 2012 and 2024.
Answer: (B)
Explanation:
• The Per Capita Consumption of energy in the state has almost tripled from 134 kwh in 2012 to 363 kwh in 2024.
• It has registered an increase of 229 kwh in the last 12 years.
• The estimated demand for power for the domestic consumers is substantial and it is projected to constitute 41
percent of the total power consumption.

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• In addition, agriculture connections are estimated to account for 13 percent of energy consumption, while the rest
46 percent is provided to the non-domestic consumers (such as industrial, commercial, etc).

Q10. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect regarding Bihar’s labour force participation rate (LFPR)
and worker-population ratio (WPR) as per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)?
1. The LFPR in Bihar increased from 50.9% in 2022-23 to 55.0% in 2023-24.
2. The WPR in Bihar declined from 53.2% in 2022-23 to 48.7% in 2023-24.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (D)
Explanation:
• The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) reports that in Bihar, labour force participation rate (LFPR) was 50.9
percent in 2022-23 which increased to 55.0 percent in 2023-24.
• LFPR is defined as the percentage of persons in the labour force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in
the population.
• Similarly, the worker-population ratio (WPR) was 48,7 percent in 2022-23 which reached 53.2 percent in 2023-
24.
• WPR is defined as the percentage of employed persons in the population.

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