Core Components of a Computer
Introduction
Book 1: Core Components of a Computer
Introduction
Har computer aik system hoti hai jo kai alag-alag components mil kar banate hain. In
components ka apna-apna role hota hai, lekin jab ye sab mil kar kaam karte hain to
computer smoothly chalti hai. Is book mein hum un core components ka detail se zikr
karenge jo har computer ka foundation hain.
1. CPU – Central Processing Unit (Dimag)
CPU ko aksar "computer ka dimag" kaha jata hai. Ye hi woh jagah hai jahan tamaam
calculations aur decisions liye jaate hain.
Kaam: Programs ko run karna, instructions ko process karna, aur multitasking
sambhalna.
Brands: Intel aur AMD sabse mashhoor hain.
Cores: Aaj kal ke CPUs multi-core hote hain (e.g., Dual-core, Quad-core, Octa-core) jiska
matlab hai ke ye ek waqt mein zyada kaam sambhal sakte hain.
Clock Speed: Ghante ke andar kitni instructions process hoti hain, GHz (gigahertz) mein
naapte hain. Zyada GHz = Zyada Speed.
Example: Jab aap YouTube chala rahe hote hain aur sath mein MS Word use kar rahe hote
hain, to CPU dono tasks ko handle karta hai.
2. Motherboard – Main Circuit Board (Jism)
Motherboard woh board hai jahan sab hardware components connected hote hain. Ye
computer ka central nervous system hai.
Kaam: CPU, RAM, hard drive, GPU, aur dusre devices ko jorna.
Types: ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX (size aur compatibility ke hisaab se).
Ports: USB, HDMI, Audio jacks, LAN, SATA, PCIe slots waghera yahin hote hain.
BIOS/UEFI: Ye ek chhoti software chip hoti hai jo boot hone mein help karti hai.
Example: Agar CPU dimag hai, to motherboard uska jism hai jisme har organ
(component) fit hota hai.
3. RAM – Random Access Memory (Temporary Yaad-dasht)
RAM ek temporary memory hoti hai jo running programs aur active files ko hold karti hai.
Kaam: Jab tak app chal rahi hoti hai, RAM uske data ko temporarily store karti hai.
Speed: DDR4 aur DDR5 RAMs aaj kal zyada fast aur efficient hain.
Capacity: 4GB, 8GB, 16GB ya usse zyada. Zyada RAM = Better Multitasking.
Volatile Memory: Power off hote hi data erase ho jata hai.
Example: Jab aap Photoshop mein ek file open karte hain, to file ka kaam RAM mein load
hota hai for faster access.
4. PSU – Power Supply Unit (Bijli ka Engine)
PSU, motherboard aur baaki components ko sahi voltage aur current mein electricity
supply karta hai.
Kaam: 220V AC ko 12V/5V DC mein convert karna jo computer samajh sake.
Wattage: 300W se le kar 1000W+ tak hote hain.
Certification: 80 Plus certification zyada efficient PSU ki nishani hai.
Connectors: SATA, Molex, PCIe, CPU power waghera.
Example: Agar PSU na ho to system mein bijli hi nahi pahuchti, aur kuch bhi on nahi
hota.
5. Cooling System – Thanda Rakhna Zaroori Hai
Har core component kaam karte waqt heat generate karta hai. Overheating na ho, isliye
cooling system important hai.
Types:
Air Cooling: Fans se heat nikalna (sabse aam).
Liquid Cooling: Water-based system (high-end systems ke liye).
Placement: CPU fan, case fan, GPU fan alag-alag jagahon par hote hain.
Thermal Paste: CPU aur heat sink ke darmiyan lagta hai taake heat achhi tarah transfer
ho.
Example: Agar cooling na ho to CPU overheat ho kar damage bhi ho sakta hai.
6. Cabinet / Case – Sabko Ek Saath Rakhne Wala Box
Cabinet ya case woh outer structure hai jisme sab components fit kiye jaate hain.
Kaam: Components ko organize karna, airflow dena, aur protect karna.
Types: Full tower, Mid tower, Mini tower, Small Form Factor.
Features: Cable management, front USB ports, RGB lighting waghera.
Example: Jaise ghar mein har furniture ki apni jagah hoti hai, waise hi har component ki
cabinet mein jagah hoti hai.
7. Expansion Slots – Upgrades ke Raste
Motherboard mein kuch extra slots hote hain jo future upgrades ke liye kaam aate hain.
PCIe Slots: GPU, Sound Card, Wi-Fi Card connect karne ke liye.
RAM Slots: Zyada RAM lagane ke liye.
M.2/NVMe Slots: Fast SSDs connect karne ke liye.
Example: Aap basic PC lete hain aur baad mein gaming GPU add karte hain — yeh
expansion ka faida hai.
Summary
Component Role
CPU Processing, computing brain
Motherboard Connects all components
RAM Temporary working memory
PSU Power distribution
Cooling System Prevent overheating
Cabinet Housing for all components
Expansion Slots For future upgrades
Conclusion
Agar aap computer ke in core components ko samajh lein to aap kisi bhi system ko
diagnose, upgrade, ya build kar sakte hain. Har component ka ek specific role hai, lekin
sab mil kar ek functioning system banate hain.
Agle book mein hum dekhenge storage devices – jahan aapka sara data save hota hai.
