Chapter 11- 3D shapes
Compound shapes: A shape made up of two or more geometric shapes
Surface area: Total area of the faces of a 3D shape
Cube: A 3D shape with exactly 6 square faces
Open cube:
A shape made with exactly 5 square faces; a cube with one face missing
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Getting Started:
1. A → iii
B→i
C → iv
D → ii
2a. Which of the nets will make an open cube?
An open cube has only 5 faces.
✅ Answer: Net ii, iv
2b. Which of the nets will make a closed cube?
A closed cube needs exactly 6 faces arranged properly.
✅ Answer: Nets i,vi
2c. Which of the nets will not make a cube?
These nets either have incorrect arrangements or the wrong number of faces.
✅ Answer: Nets iii,v
3. Order the capacity of these bottles from least to greatest:
Convert all values to millilitres:
A = 630 ml
B = 1.01 litres = 1010 ml
C = 1.36 litres = 1360 ml
D = 950 ml
E = 1.17 litres = 1170 ml
F = 1040 ml
G = 190 ml
H = 1980 ml
✅ Correct order (least to greatest):
G, A, D, B, F, E, C, H
Exercise 11.1
Answer 1
a.
This shape is made of:
A square pyramid on top
A cube at the bottom
✅ Answer: A square pyramid on top of a cube
b.
This shape is made of:
A triangular prism on top
A cuboid at the bottom
✅ Answer: A triangular prism on top of a cuboid
c.
This shape is made of:
A cone on top
A cylinder at the bottom
✅ Answer: A cone on top of a cylinder
Answer 2
Group 1: Simple Shapes
A – Cuboid
D – Cylinder
E – triangular Pyramid
G – Triangular prism
Group 2: Compound Shapes
B – Triangular-based pyramid and triangular prism
C – three cuboids
H – Compound shape (a combination of cuboid and triangular prism)
F – Cylinder and two cones
✅ Answers for Question 3:
a. Two different cuboids
→ Sketch a compound shape made by placing one cuboid on top or beside another cuboid.
b. A cuboid and a square-based pyramid
→ Sketch a shape like a house: cuboid as the base, pyramid as the roof.
c. Two different cylinders
→ Sketch two cylinders of different sizes stacked or placed side by side.
Answer for question 4
a. Cube
Description:
A cube has 6 faces, and all faces are squares.
b. Square-Based Pyramid
Description:
This shape has 1 square base and 4 triangular faces.
c. Cylinder
Description:
A cylinder has 2 circular faces and 1 rectangle that wraps around the side.
d. Triangular-Based Pyramid (Tetrahedron)
Description:
This shape has 4 triangular faces.
5. Triangular Prism
a. Fill in the blanks:
A triangular prism has a total of 5 faces.
Two of the faces are triangles, and three of the faces are rectangles.
b. Sketch a net for the triangular prism:
The net should include:
2 triangles (for the ends)
3 rectangles (connecting the sides)
You can draw 3 rectangles side by side in a row, and one triangle above the left rectangle and
one triangle below the right rectangle.
6. Match each shape to its correct net:
A. Pentagonal prism → iii
(5 rectangles in a row and 2 pentagons at the ends)
B. Octagonal prism → i
(8 rectangles in a row and 2 octagons at the ends)
C. Hexagonal prism → ii
(6 rectangles in a row and 2 hexagons at the ends)
7. a.
This shape is close to a 4×3×2 cuboid, which would need:
4 × 3 × 2 = 24 cubes
Currently, there are 17 cubes, so:
✅ 24 - 17 = 7 cubes need to be added
b.
The smallest cuboid that fits this is 3×2×3, which has:
3 × 2 × 3 = 18 cubes
Currently, there are 12 cubes, so:
✅ 18 - 12 = 6 cubes need to be added
c.
This shape fits into a 4×2×2 cuboid:
4 × 2 × 2 = 16 cubes
Currently, there are 10 cubes, so:
✅ 16 - 10 = 6 cubes need to be added
Exercise 11.2
1. For each of these jugs write down:
i. the capacity of the jug
ii. the volume of water in the jug
i. Capacity: 500 ml
ii. Volume of water: 300 ml
i. Capacity: 100 ml
ii. Volume of water: 80 ml
i. Capacity: 5000 ml
ii. Volume of water: 2000 ml
2. a. Explain why Sofia is correct.
Sofia is correct because:
1000ml=1 litre, so 2000ml=2 litres
2500ml = 2000ml + 500 ml, so
2500ml=2 litres 500ml
Also 500ml=0.5 of a litre, so
2500ml=2.5 litres
b. Complete the table:
Milliliters litres and millilitres litres
2500 ml 2 l 500 ml 2.5 l
Milliliters litres and millilitres litres
3200 ml 3 l 200 ml 3.2 l
4300 ml 4 l 300 ml 4.3 l
3700 ml 3 l 700 ml 3.7 l
1800 ml 1 l 800 ml 1.8 l
12100 ml 12 l 100 ml 12.1 l
Think like a mathematician
The jug shows 6.2 litres of water.
a. Who is correct?
Arun is correct. The jug scale shows the water level is at 6.2 litres.
b. Explain the mistake.
Marcus has misread the scale. The water level is above 6.1 and aligned with
6.2, so 6.1 is incorrect.
c. What volume of water must be added to fill the jug?
Capacity is 10 litres.
Current volume is 6.2 litres.
Water to add = 10 - 6.2 = 3.8 litres
3. For each of these jugs write down:
i. the capacity of the jug
ii. the volume of water in the jug
i. Capacity: 600 ml
ii. Volume: 340 ml
i. Capacity: 2 litres
ii. Volume: 1.6 litres
i. Capacity: 1000 ml
ii. Volume: 650 ml
4. What volume of water must be added to these jugs to fill them to capacity?
a.
Capacity = 500 ml
Current volume = 420 ml
Water to add = 80 ml
b.
Capacity = 100 ml
Current volume = 66 ml
Water to add = 34 ml
c.
Capacity = 10 litres
Current volume = 7.4 litres
Water to add = 2.6 litres
5. How can Chipo measure out 2.3 litres of milk using a 500 ml jug?
To get 2.3 litres using a 500 ml jug:
2.3 litres = 2300 ml
Divide 2300 by 500 → She can pour 4 full jugs (500 ml × 4 = 2000 ml)
Then add 300 ml more, which is just a little more than half of the jug
So:
Fill the jug 4 times completely.
Then fill it a little over halfway to get the extra 300 ml.
6. Fish tank is ¾ full. Tank capacity = 120 litres.
Volume of water = 3/4×120=90 litres
Answer: 90 litres
Think like a mathematician (Cups A–D)
Cup volumes:
A = 240 ml
B = 160 ml
C = 120 ml
D = 60 ml
a. Measure out:
i. 400 ml = A (240 ml) + B (160 ml)
ii. 360 ml = A (240 ml) + C (120 ml)
iii. 420 ml = A (240 ml) + C (120 ml) + D (60 ml),
iv. 320 ml = B (160 ml) + B (160 ml)
v. 180 ml = C (120 ml) + D (60 ml),
vi. 600 ml = 5 × C (120 ml)
(Alternate combinations possible too.)
7. Estimate the liquid in each container:
Let’s visually estimate the amounts.
A (1 litre): 500 ml = 0.5 litres
B (800 ml): ~200 ml = 0.2 litres
C (3 litres): ~1000ml = 1 litre
D (1800 ml): ~600 ml = 0.6 litres
E (1.5 litres): ~750 ml = 0.75 litres
F (2 litres): ~1500ml = 1.5 litres
Order the volumes from least to greatest:
B<A<D<E<C<F
8. Carroll diagram
Sort containers A–F based on:
Volume ≤ 500 ml Volume > 500 ml
Capacity ≤ 1 litre E C, F
Capacity > 1 litre B A, D
Check your progress
1. Describe these compound shapes
a. Combination of a cylinder and a cone
b. Combination of a cuboid and a rectangular based pyramid
c. Combination of three cuboids
2. Sketch a compound shape made from a cuboid and a triangular prism
👉 You can sketch a house-like shape:
Base = cuboid (rectangular box)
Roof = triangular prism on top
3. Square based pyramid
a. Fill in the blanks:
A square based pyramid has a total of 5 faces.
Four of the faces are triangles and one of the faces is a square.
The surface area of a square based pyramid is the total area of all its faces.
b. Sketch a net:
The net should include:
1 square in the center
4 triangles attached to each side of the square
(You can draw a square and attach 4 triangles to its edges.)
4. Write down the smallest number of unit cubes to make a cuboid
The current shape is missing unit cubes to make a full 2×3×3 cuboid.
A 2×3×3 cuboid = 18 cubes
Count the cubes already present: 14 cubes
Missing = 18 - 14 = 4 cubes
✅ Answer: 4 cubes
5. Jug containing water
a. Write down:
i. Capacity of the jug = 600 ml
ii. Volume of water = 380 ml
b. Water needed to fill it:
600 ml − 380 ml = 220 ml
✅ Answer: 220 ml
