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Module 6 - Class Notes

The CESG 565: Soil Dynamics Course Map outlines key topics including earthquake basics, soil structure interaction, and wave propagation. It presents various data on ground acceleration, spectral acceleration, and shear wave velocity profiles across different soil types. The document also compares analysis methods such as 1-D and 2-D equivalent linear and nonlinear approaches in soil dynamics studies.

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samuel.r.will
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11 views54 pages

Module 6 - Class Notes

The CESG 565: Soil Dynamics Course Map outlines key topics including earthquake basics, soil structure interaction, and wave propagation. It presents various data on ground acceleration, spectral acceleration, and shear wave velocity profiles across different soil types. The document also compares analysis methods such as 1-D and 2-D equivalent linear and nonlinear approaches in soil dynamics studies.

Uploaded by

samuel.r.will
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CESG 565: Soil Dynamics Course Map

3
Epicenter

Vibration Fundamentals
Soil Structure Interaction 2
7
6 Soil 5
Site Response Rock Dynamic Soil Props
1 A Few Earthquake Basics
& Overview of Hazards

4
Wave Propagation

Hypocenter or Focus
0.6

0.35
Rock Soil
0.3
Fourier Amplitude

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)
Rock Rock
Rock
0.25 0.25
0.2 Kocaeli EQ - 1999 - Mw7.5 0.2
Kocaeli EQ - 1999 - Mw7.5
Izmit, Turkey (IZT) Station Yarimca, Turkey (YPT) Station
Ground Acceleration (g)

Ground Acceleration (g)

0.15 0.15
0.1 0.1
0.05 0.05
0 0
-0.05 -0.05
-0.1 -0.1
-0.15 Vs30 = 811 m/s = 2660 ft/s -0.15
Vs30 = 297 m/s = 974 ft/s
-0.2 Site Class B (Rock) -0.2 Site Class D (Soil)
-0.25 -0.25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (seconds) Time (seconds)
1.2 1.2

1 1
Spectral Acceleration (g)

Spectral Acceleration (g)

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds) Period (seconds)

Tn Tn Tn
400

Young
lake
deposits 30 m soft clay

Rock

Communications
National University (UNAM)
Building (SCT)
G/Gmax D G/Gmax D

UNAM SCT
Rock 0.03g

Soft clay 0.15g


Rock 0.06g

Soft soil 0.16g


Accelerometer depths
?!

Fa Fv

Bradley 2010: Peak Ground Bradley 2010: Spectral


Acceleration Attenuation Acceleration Attenuation
Relationship Relationship
10 10
Peak Ground Acceleration (g)

1 1
Acceleration (g)

0.1 0.1

PGA
0.01 Median PSA 0.01 Median PSA
PSA ± n
Median PGA
PSA n PGA ± n
0.001 0.001
1 10 100 0.01 0.1 1 10
Distance (km) Period (s)
Horizontal surface motion

Horizontal input motion

Horizontal boundaries
waves tend to be refracted
toward vertical

Stiffer
with
depth

Decreasing stiffness causes


refraction of waves to
Earthquake
increasingly vertical path
Hypocenter
Not
appropriate
here

Stiffer
with
depth
=0
u(0,t)
u

Vs H

u(H,t)

2% Damping

D
5
4.5 = 0.10
= 0.25
4
3.5
Transfer Function

3
2.5 = 0.50
2
= 0.90
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
H/Vs
Vs H

Vs
H

Vs
D, G

G D

G( 1)
1
G( 2)

G( 3)

log( )

log( )
G = Gmax D = Dmin

G D
G = Gmax D = Dmin

1 G D

log( )

log( )
(t)

time

G/Gmax D

(t) max (t)

time time

G D
(t) (t)
max

eff

time time

eff

eff max
max
eff

eff
. eff
D
G/Gmax
eff

G/Gmax eff
eff

G/Gmax
D

D eff

eff
D

eff

G/Gmax
D
Depth Range (m) Soil Type Vs (m/s) Soil Unit Weight (kN/m3) v' (kN/m2) ko m' (atm)
0 to 6 Alluvium (Sand) 200 18 54 0.5 0.36
6 to 31 Alluvium (Sand) 300 18 225 0.5 2.2
31 to 61 Alluvium (Sand) 460 19 562 0.5 5.6
61 to 91 Older Alluvium (Sand) 700 20 776 0.5 7.7
91+ Bedrock 760 22

Shear Wave Velocity, Vs (m/s)


0 200 400 600 800
0
20
40
Depth (m)

60
80
100
120
140

D
3
P1M1L1/L5
2.5

2
Amplitude

1.5

0.5

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

amax (g)
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0
10
20
30
40
Depth (m)

D 50
60
70
80
90
100

max (%) G/Gmax Damping (%)


0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 2 4 6 8
0 0 0

10 10 10

20 20 20

30 30 30

40 40 40
Depth (m)

50 50 50

60 60 60

70 70 70

80 80 80

90 90 90

100 100 100


0.15
P1M1L1
0.1
P1M1L5
Acceleration (g)

0.05

-0.05

-0.1

-0.15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (sec)

0.0045 0.6
0.004 P1M1L1 P1M1L1
P1M1L5 0.5 P1M1L5
Amplitude (g-sec)

0.0035

Acceleration (g)
0.003 0.4
0.0025
0.3
0.002
0.0015 0.2
0.001
0.1
0.0005
0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec) Period (sec)
A
B
A
C

C
Vs profile Vs profile Vs profile

rock rock rock


G D

G( 1) G( 1)

G( 2) G( 2)

2
G( 3) G( 3)

G Vs D

12
Soil Profile 1
10
Transfer Function

8
G 6

G 2

0
0.1 1 10 100
Frequency (Hz)

0.35
Rock
0.3
G
Fourier Amplitude

0.25
0.2

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0.1 1 10 100
Frequency (Hz)
Acceleration (g)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (sec)

G( 2)
t

tj t

zi j
j

z
u(0,t)

1m

30 m 15 m Vs = 300 m/sec Ts = 0.4 sec

29 m

u(H,t) Vs = 762 m/sec

Topanga
record
(Northridge)

Topanga record
(Northridge)
Nonlinear Behavior

Equivalent linear vs nonlinear


analysis how much difference
does it make?

Topanga motion scaled to 0.05 g

Weak motion
+
stiff soil

Low strains

Low degree of nonlinearity

Similar response
WNA ENA Overseas
Survey
Respondents Private Public Private Public Private Public

Number of responses 35 3 6 1 5 5

Method of WNA ENA Overseas


Analysis
Private Public Private Public Private Public
(35) (3) (6) (1) (5) (5)
1-D Equivalent Linear 68 52 86 50 24 5
1-D Nonlinear 11 17 12 0 48 5
2-D/3-D Equiv. Linear 9 28 1 25 6 0
2-D/3-D Nonlinear 12 3 1 25 23 90

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