Robotics and Robot Applications
Lecture 31: Robotics and AI+ML
Shyamanta M Hazarika
Biomimetic Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Lab
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
[email protected]
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is the ability of machines to
Artificial
seemingly think for themselves.
Intelligence is demonstrated
when a task, formerly performed by a human
and thought of as requiring the ability
to learn, reason and solve problems, can be
done by a machine.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Artificial Intelligence
Intelligence is the ability to solve
problems!
Two strands of AI activity
1. The cognitive approach seeks to understand
how intelligent behaviour arises.
2. The other is an engineering approach and
the goal is to construct intelligent machines.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Intelligence requires Knowledge
Knowledge accrues through a
process of learning.
Machines need the ability
to explore the
world and acquire the requisite
knowledge they need for problem solving on
their own.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence and machine learning are often used
interchangeably.Machine learning is a
subset of Artificial Intelligence and
focuses on the ability of machines to
receive a set of data and learn for themselves,
changing algorithms as they learn
more about the information they are processing.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Machine Learning
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Machine Learning Philosophy
The philosophy is to automate the
creation of analytical models in
order to enable algorithms to learn
continuously with the help of available data.
The model may be predictive to make
predictions in the future, or descriptive to gain knowledge
from data or both.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Machine Learning
Source: Isazi Consulting, 2015. Available from http://www.isaziconsulting.co.za/ machinelearning.html.
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Supervised Learning
Learn to predict output when given an
input vector
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Supervised Learning
Classification is a process of categorizing a
given set of data into classes. The process
starts with predicting the class of given data
points. The classes are often referred to as
target, label or categories
Regression models a target prediction value
based on independent variables. It is mostly
used for finding out the relationship between
variables and forecasting
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Unsupervised Learning
Create an internal representation of
the input e.g. form clusters; extract features
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Unsupervised Learning
Dimensionality reduction, is the transformation of
data from a high-dimensional space into a low-
dimensional space so that the low-dimensional
representation retains some meaningful properties
of the original data,
Clustering is a Machine Learning technique that
involves the grouping of data points. Given a set of
data points, we can use a clustering algorithm to
classify each data point into a specific group.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Reinforcement Learning
Learn action to maximize payoff.
© Shyamanta M Hazarika, IIT Guwahati
Reinforcement Learning
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Evolution of Robotics Research
From Industrial to Service Robots
15 © Shyamanta M Hazarika, ME, IIT Guwahati
Industrial Robots
Robot Manipulators
• Kinematic Calibration
• Motion Planning
• Control
• Teleoperation Systems
• Intelligence
16 © Shyamanta M Hazarika, ME, IIT Guwahati
Mobile Robots
Automated Guided Vehicles
• Locomotive Systems
• Robot Localization
• Robotic Mapping
17 © Shyamanta M Hazarika, ME, IIT Guwahati
Mobile Robots
Mapping and Localization
18 © Shyamanta M Hazarika, ME, IIT Guwahati
Mobile Robots
Walking Robots
• Stability
• Walking Gait
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Mobile Robots
Stability and Gait
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Mobile Robots
Latest Biped Robots
Latest biped robots. ASIMO - Honda Motor Co. HRP-2 - Kawada Industries, Inc. QRIO -
Sony Entertainment. Research in humanoid robotics is currently shifting from locomotion
issues to interaction between humans and robots.
21 © Shyamanta M Hazarika, ME, IIT Guwahati
Robotics + AI and ML – The Impact
Image Source: Internet; Usage: Non-commercial ; Not for publication.
22 © Shyamanta M Hazarika, ME, IIT Guwahati
Digital Twins
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Computer-Assisted Surgery
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Computer-Assisted Surgery
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Robotic Surgery
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daVinci – A success Story
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Automated Patient Monitoring
IoT Elements
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