nit I: Digital Inclusion and Digital Empowerment Needs and Challenges: Digital inclusion ka
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m atlab hai sab logon ko digital resources tak equal access dena, chahe unka background kuch
bhi ho. India mein bohot se log abhi bhi internet access nahi kar pate, jo unke personal aur
professional growth ko limit karta hai. Is challenge ko overcome karna ke liye infrastructure ki
improvement, digital literacy aur low-cost internet services ki zaroorat hai. Digital empowerment
s e matlab hai technology ko aise tarike se use karna ki log apni life ko behtar bana sakein – jaise
education, health, aur employment opportunities mein improvement lana.
ision of Digital India: Digital India ka vision hai har citizen ko digital tools aur services ka access
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dena, jo unki zindagi asaan aur productive bana sake. Kuch key initiatives is vision ke under hain:
DigiLocker: Ek digital platform hai jahan log apne documents securely store kar sakte hain.
-Hospitals: Online health services aur records ki system, jo patients ko digital consultations aur
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m edical records access karne ki suvidha deta hai.
-Pathshala: Ministry of Education ka initiative hai jisme online education resources provide kiye
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jaate hain.
HIM: Bharat Interface for Money, ek payment system hai jo digital transactions ko simple aur
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s ecure banata hai.
-Kranti (Electronic Delivery of Services): Government services ko online laane ka plan, jisse
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c itizens ko government services jaise pension, certificates, etc. easily mil sakein.
-Health Campaigns: Yeh initiatives health awareness badhate hain aur logon ko health services
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ke liye online platforms ki taraf guide karte hain.
ublic Utility Portals of Govt. of India: Kuch important public utility portals hain jo government
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s ervices ko accessible banate hain:
TI (Right to Information): RTI portal citizens ko apne queries ka jawab government se poochne
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ka right deta hai.
ealth: Online healthcare portals, jaise e-Hospitals, logon ko health services ke liye
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appointments aur records manage karne mein madad karte hain.
inance: Finance aur tax-related services ko digital platforms pe laane se transparency aur ease
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of access badhti hai. Income Tax filing ab online hai.
ducation: Online education platforms aur portals jaise e-Pathshala ne education ko accessible
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aur affordable bana diya hai, specially rural areas mein.
Unit II: Communication and Collaboration in the Cyberspace Electronic Communication:
lectronic mail (Email): Email ek formal aur fast way hai communication ka. Ye personal aur
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professional dono purposes ke liye use hota hai. Email se aap documents attach karke easily
exchange kar sakte hain.
logs: Blogs content creation ka ek form hai, jahan log apne thoughts, ideas, aur opinions ko
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s hare karte hain. Ye writing ka ek interactive aur engaging medium hai.
ocial Media: Social media platforms jaise Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram logon ke
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beech communication ka ek popular aur effective medium ban gaye hain. Ye business aur
personal communication dono ke liye kaam aata hai.
Collaborative Digital Platforms:
ollaborative digital platforms jaise Google Workspace, Microsoft Teams, aur Slack team
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m embers ko ek platform pe collaborate karne ki suvidha dete hain. Yeh platforms file sharing,
discussion, aur tasks manage karne mein madad karte hain. Employees ek hi time pe
documents pe kaam kar sakte hain, aur ek dusre se apna feedback le sakte hain.
Tools/Platforms for Online Learning:
nline learning platforms jaise Zoom, Google Classroom, Coursera aur Udemy ne education ko
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accessible aur convenient banaya hai. Yeh platforms interactive learning experience provide
karte hain aur students ko apne time aur pace par seekhne ka mauka dete hain.
Collaboration Using File Sharing, Messaging, Video Conferencing:
ile Sharing: Tools jaise Google Drive, Dropbox aur OneDrive file sharing ke liye use hote hain.
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Yeh cloud-based services hain jahan documents, presentations aur images ko securely store
aur share kiya ja sakta hai.
essaging: Platforms like WhatsApp, Slack, aur Telegram real-time messaging aur group
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discussions ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Yeh easy aur quick communication ka tareeqa hai.
ideo Conferencing: Zoom, Microsoft Teams aur Google Meet jaise tools online meetings aur
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webinars conduct karne ke liye use kiye jaate hain. Inka use globally badh gaya hai, khas kar
remote work aur learning ke era mein.
Unit III:Towards Safe and Secure Cyberspace Online Security and Privacy: Online security ka
atlab hai aapke data ko cyber attacks aur unauthorized access se protect karna. Privacy ka
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m atlab hai aapke personal information ka control aapke paas ho, aur koi aapki permission ke
bina aapki information access na kar sake.
Threats in the Digital World:
ata Breach: Jab kisi organization ya company ka sensitive data hack ho jata hai, aur woh
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publicly leak ho jata hai, toh isay data breach kaha jata hai. Yeh bohot harmful ho sakta hai,
kyunki personal information ka misuse ho sakta hai.
yber Attacks: Cyber attacks jaise phishing, malware, aur ransomware attacks organizations
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aur individuals ke liye major threats hain. In attacks mein hackers unauthorized access le kar
data chura lete hain ya system ko damage karte hain.
lockchain Technology: Blockchain technology ek decentralized system hai jo transactions ko
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record karne aur store karne ke liye use hota hai. Ismein har transaction ek block mein store
hota hai aur blocks ek chain mein linked hote hain. Yeh technology secure aur transparent hai,
aur isse data manipulation bohot mushkil ho jata hai. Cryptocurrencies jaise Bitcoin bhi
blockchain technology par based hain.
ecurity Initiatives by the Govt of India: Government of India ne online security ke liye kaafi
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initiatives liye hain, jaise CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team), jo cyber threats ko
m onitor karta hai aur public ko alert karta hai. Cyber Surakshit Bharat initiative bhi India ki
c ybersecurity ko strengthen karne ka ek important step hai.
nit IV: Ethical Issues in Digital World Netiquettes: Netiquettes online communication ka set
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of rules hota hai. Jaise email likhte waqt formal tone rakhna, social media pe respectful hona, aur
apne views ko politely express karna. Netiquettes ka goal hota hai ki digital world mein mutual
respect banaye rakha jaye.
thics in Digital Communication: Digital communication mein ethics ka importance bohot zyada
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hai. Jaise kisi ka personal information share karna bina unki permission ke unethical hai.
Similarly, social media par kisi ko embarrass karna ya unki privacy violate karna bhi unethical hai.
thics in Cyberspace: Cyberspace mein ethics ka matlab hai ki har user ko responsible aur
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respectful tareeke se behave karna chahiye. Ismein plagiarism se bachna, intellectual property
rights ka respect karna, aur fake news ya misinformation se door rehna shamil ha
