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4.2 How is data stored?

A. Choose the correct option.

1. What is an internal storage device?

a. A device found outside the computer

b. A device found inside the computer

c. A device that connects to the internet

Answer: b. A device found inside the computer

2. Which of the following is an example of a solid state storage device?

a. CD/DVD drive

b. Magnetic hard drive

c. USB drive

Answer: c. USB drive

3. How many bits are in one byte?

a. 4

b. 8

c. 16

Answer: b. 8

4. How many kilobytes make a megabyte?

a. 100

b. 500

c. 1000

Answer: c. 1000
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5. What type of storage device uses a laser to store data?

a. Magnetic storage device

b. Optical storage device

c. Solid state storage device

Answer: b. Optical storage device

6. Which storage device is most likely to be damaged if dropped?

a. Solid state drive (SSD)

b. Magnetic hard drive

c. USB drive

Answer: b. Magnetic hard drive

7. What is the smallest unit of data storage?

a. Byte

b. Kilobyte

c. Bit

Answer: c. Bit

8. Which of the following is NOT a type of storage device?

a. Magnetic

b. Optical

c. Binary

Answer: c. Binary

9. What is the main advantage of solid state storage devices over magnetic storage devices?

a. They are cheaper

b. They have moving parts

c. They are less likely to be damaged if dropped

Answer: C. They are less likely to be damaged if dropped

a. Using magnets and metal discs

b. Using circuits

c. Using a laser to make marks on plastic discs

Answer: c. Using a laser to make marks on plastic discs

11. What is the main disadvantage of memory sticks?

a. They are expensive

b. They are easy to lose

c. They cannot store a lot of data

Answer: b. They are easy to lose

12. Which unit of measurement is the largest?

a. Byte

b. Kilobyte

c. Megabyte

Answer: c. Megabyte

13. What type of storage device is commonly used in servers?

a. Optical storage device

b. Magnetic storage device

c. Solid state storage device

Answer: b. Magnetic storage device

14. Which of the following is a disadvantage of optical storage devices?

a. They are very expensive

b. They can be easily scratched or damaged

c. They have moving parts

Answer: b. They can be easily scratched or damaged

a. Binary

b. Decimal

c. Hexadecimal

Answer: a. Binary

B. True or false.

1. Data can only be stored on computers electronically. False

2. Internal storage devices are found inside digital devices like tablets and smartphones. True

3. Solid-state storage devices like memory sticks are easy to lose because they are small. True

4. Memory sticks are a type of magnetic storage device. False

5. External storage devices are always found inside the main computer case. False

6. SD cards are a type of optical storage device. False

7. Magnetic storage devices use metal discs and magnets to store data. True

8. Solid-state storage devices have moving parts. False

9. There are 8 bits in one byte. False

10. 1 kilobyte equals 1000 bytes. True

11. Optical storage devices are more durable than solid-state storage devices. False

12. Magnetic storage devices are often used in servers because they are inexpensive. True

C. Answer the questions.

1. Explain the difference between internal and external storage devices. Provide one example of each.

Internal storage devices are built into the computer system (e.g., HDD in a desktop, SSD in a

smartphone).

External storage devices are portable and connect externally (e.g., USB flash drive, external HDD)

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2. How does a magnetic storage device (like a hard disk drive) store data?

Magnetic storage uses metal discs coated with a magnetic material. A read/write head

magnetizes tiny sections of the disc to represent binary data (0s and 1s).

3. Why are solid-state storage devices (SSDs) faster than magnetic storage devices?

SSDs have no moving parts and use flash memory, allowing instant data access. HDDs rely on

spinning discs and mechanical arms, causing slower read/write speeds.

4. How many bits are in one byte?

5. How many Kilobytes make a megabyte?

1000

6. How many bits are in 4 bytes?

32

7. How many kilobytes make 3 megabytes?

3000

8. How many bits are in 1 kilobyte?

8000

9. What is an optical storage device?

An optical storage device is a type of storage medium that uses laser light to read and write data.

Examples include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.

10. Name three common optical storage devices.

CD, DVD and Blu-ray Disc

11. What is the main difference between a CD and DVD?

A DVD can store much more data than a CD because it has smaller pits and lands, allowing more

information to fit on the disc.

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12. What happens if a CD or DVD get scratched?

If a CD/DVD is scratched, the laser may not read the data properly, causing errors or making the

disc unusable.

13. a. Identify the following devices.

b. Compare the above storage devices in terms of cost, memory size, whether it is internal or

external, where you might use.

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HPL Affirmation

Self-Assessment Checklist

I can identify different storage devices

I can name three types of storage devices.

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 4.3 Processing data

A. Choose the correct option.

1. What is the correct order of the input-process-output model?

a) Output → Process → Input

b) Input → Output → Process

c) Input → Process → Output

d) Process → Input → Output

Answer: c) Input → Process → Output

2. Which of these is an example of an input device?

a) Printer

b) Temperature sensor

c) Monitor

d) Speaker

Answer: b) Temperature sensor

3. What happens during the "process" stage in a computer system?

a) Data is displayed on a screen.

b) The computer analyzes input data and makes decisions.

c) Data is collected from the environment.

d) The computer shuts down.

Answer: b) The computer analyzes input data and makes decisions.

4. Which human sense is used as "input" when you hear a fire alarm?

a) Sight

b) Hearing

c) Touch

d) Taste

Answer: b) Hearing

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5. In a traffic light system, what is the "output"?

a) The motion sensor detecting cars

b) The computer calculating traffic flow

c) The traffic lights changing color

d) The driver pressing the brake

Answer: c) The traffic lights changing color

6. What is the purpose of an "IF statement" in programming?

a) To delete data

b) To connect to the internet

c) To help the computer make decisions

d) To slow down the processor

Answer: c) To help the computer make decisions

7. Which of these is an example of an output device?

a) Keyboard

b) Microphone

c) Printer

d) Temperature sensor

Answer: c) Printer

8. In an automatic pet-feeding system, what could be an "input"?

a) The pet eating food

b) A sensor detecting an empty food bowl

c) The computer playing music

d) The owner refilling the bowl manually

Answer: b) A sensor detecting an empty food bowl

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9. What might happen if an input device gives the wrong data to a computer?

a) The computer will explode.

b) The computer may make incorrect decisions.

c) The output device will stop working.

d) The processor speeds up.

Answer: b) The computer may make incorrect decisions.

10. Which of these is NOT part of the input-process-output model?

a) A microphone recording sound

b) A computer calculating data

c) A speaker playing music

d) A USB cable charging a phone

Answer: d) A USB cable charging a phone

B. Answer the questions.

1. What is the input-process-output (IPO) model?

The IPO model describes how computers work:

 Input: Data is collected (e.g., from a keyboard or sensor).

 Process: The computer analyzes the data and makes decisions.

 Output: The result is displayed or acted upon (e.g., printing a document).

2. Give two examples of input devices and how they are used.

 Keyboard: Types text into the computer.

 Temperature sensor: Measures heat and sends data to the computer (e.g., in a thermostat).

3. How is human hearing similar to an input device?

When you hear a sound (input), your brain processes it (e.g., recognizing a fire alarm), and your

body reacts (output, like running to the exit).

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4. Explain how a traffic light system uses the IPO model.

 Input: Sensors detect cars waiting.

 Process: The computer checks traffic flow.

 Output: Lights change color (green/yellow/red).

5. What happens if an input device (like a sensor) breaks?

The computer may get wrong data and make incorrect decisions (e.g., a broken temperature sensor

could make a room too hot or cold).

6. Describe how an automatic pet feeder works using IPO.

 Input: A sensor detects an empty food bowl.

 Process: The computer checks if it’s mealtime.

 Output: A hatch opens to release food.

7. Why do computers use "IF statements" in processing?

To make decisions (e.g., IF it’s cold, THEN turn on the heater).

8. Name two output devices and their uses.

 Printer: Prints documents/photos.

 Speaker: Plays sounds or music.

9. How is 3D printing an example of IPO?

 Input: A 3D design file is uploaded.

 Process: The computer converts the design into instructions.

 Output: The printer creates a physical object.

10. Why are sensors important in farming?

They collect data (e.g., soil moisture) so computers can automate tasks (e.g., watering crops when

dry).

11.What steps can we take to stop the wrong inputs being given to a computer?

We can use extra input devices to check the same thing. If one input device breaks, or gives a wrong
reading, the other input devices can be used instead.

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12. Write ‘I’ for Input, ‘P’ for process and ‘O’ for Output in the given boxes.

Adding 2 numbers:

Sum= 25 15 and 10 15+10 =

O I P

Making Clay model:

O P I

I O P

HPL Affirmation

Self-Assessment Checklist Teacher’s Feedback

I understand the IPO model.

I can identify the input and output devices.

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