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Diagonalizing 2X2 Matrix

The document outlines the process of diagonalizing a 2x2 matrix A with given elements. It details the computation of eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors, leading to the formation of matrix P and its inverse P−1. Finally, it demonstrates how to construct the diagonal matrix D using the eigenvalues of A.

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mwangidan691
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160 views2 pages

Diagonalizing 2X2 Matrix

The document outlines the process of diagonalizing a 2x2 matrix A with given elements. It details the computation of eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors, leading to the formation of matrix P and its inverse P−1. Finally, it demonstrates how to construct the diagonal matrix D using the eigenvalues of A.

Uploaded by

mwangidan691
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIAGONALIZING A “2X2” MATRIX

5 −3
Diagonalize the 2x2 matrix A, given that 𝐴 = [ ]
−6 2
Solution
Compute eigenvalues of the matrix A by applying the formula 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨 − 𝝀𝑰) = 0, where 𝜆 denote
the eigenvalue, and I is the identity matrix, which is a 2x2 matrix because the dimension of
matrix A is also 2x2.

5−𝜆 −3
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼) = 0, →→ [ ]=0
−6 2 − 𝜆
(5 − 𝜆)(2 − 𝜆) − (−6 × −3) = 0
(5 − 𝜆)(2 − 𝜆) + 18 = 0
2
𝜆 − 5𝜆 − 2𝜆 + 10 − 18 = 0
𝜆2 − 7𝜆 − 8 = 0
𝜆2 + 𝜆 − 8𝜆 − 8 = 0
(𝜆 − 8)(𝜆 + 1) = 0
𝜆1 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜆2 = −1

Compute the corresponding eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue 𝜆1 = 8


𝑣
Apply the formula: (𝐴 − 𝜆1 𝐼)𝑉⃗ = 0 , to ease the computation 𝑉 ⃗ = ( 1)
⃗ will be denoted as 𝑉
𝑣2
5 − 𝜆1 −3 ⃗ 5 − 8 −3 𝑣1 0
[ ] 𝑉 →→ [ ]( ) = ( )
−6 2 − 𝜆1 −6 2 − 8 𝑣2 0
−3 −3 𝑣1 0 −3𝑣1 + −3𝑣2 = 0 𝑣1 = 1
[ ]( ) = ( ) → }→
−6 −6 𝑣2 0 −6𝑣1 + −6𝑣2 = 0 𝑣2 = 1

Compute the corresponding eigenvector associated with the eigenvalue 𝜆2 = −1


𝑢
⃗⃗ = 0 , to ease the computation 𝑉
Apply the formula: (𝑨 − 𝝀𝟐 𝑰)𝑼 ⃗ = ( 1)
⃗ will be denoted as 𝑈
𝑢2

5 − 𝜆2 −3 ⃗ 5 − −1 −3 𝑢1 0
[ ] 𝑈 →→ [ ] (𝑢 ) = ( )
−6 2 − 𝜆2 −6 2 − −1 2 0

5 − 𝜆2 −3 ⃗ 5 − −1 −3 𝑢1 0
[ ] 𝑈 →→ [ ] (𝑢 ) = ( )
−6 2 − 𝜆2 −6 2 − −1 2 0
6 −3 𝑢1 0 6𝑢1 + −3𝑢2 = 0 𝑢1 = 1
[ ]( ) = ( ) → }→
−6 3 𝑢2 0 −6𝑢1 + 3𝑢2 = 0 𝑢2 = 2
𝑣1 𝑢1 1 1
𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑃 = (𝑉
⃗ ⃗ ) = (𝑣 𝑢 ) = [
𝑈 ]
2 2 1 2
1
𝑃−1 = [𝑃𝑇 (𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑃)], 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡 |𝑃| = 2 − 1 = 1
|𝑃|

1 2 −1 2 −1
𝑃−1 = [ ]=[ ]
1 −1 1 −1 1
2 −1 5 −3 1 1
𝐷 = 𝑃−1 𝐴𝑃 = [ ]×[ ]×[ ]
−1 1 −6 2 1 2
16 −8 1 1 8 0
𝐷=[ ]×[ ]=[ ]
−11 5 1 2 −6 −1
8 0
𝐷=[ ]
−6 −1

Matrix D has diagonal entries which are the eigenvalues of the original matrix A.

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