Programming 2
1. Object Oriented Programming
English :
> Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses “objects”
and their interactions to design applications and computer programs.
It utilizes several techniques from previously established paradigms, including
modularity, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
Arabic:
( ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﻴﺔOOP) ( "ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ "ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕobjects) ﺑﺘﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻱ ﺑﺘﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﺸﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﺸﺎﻧﻬﺎ.ﻭﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ.
ﺍﻟـOOP ﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺗﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺯﻱ:
• (modularity) ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ: ﺑﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ.
• (polymorphism) ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ: ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
• (encapsulation) ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻠﺔ: ﺑﻨﺨﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺩ.
2. Why OOP?
• Eliminate redundant code ( ﻧﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ )ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ
• Easier troubleshooting ()ﻧﺴﻬّﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﻠّﻬﺎ
• Make code more readable ()ﻧﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﻭﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ
• Code reusability ()ﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﺎﻧﻴﺔ
• Save time during program development ()ﻧﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ
• Make it easier to work with others ()ﻧﺴﻬّﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ
3. Class and Object
A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created.
An object is an instance of a class.
Classes and objects are the two main aspects of OOP.
5. Encapsulation
Nervana Ebrahim
Programming 2
English:
• Wrapping up of data and methods into a single unit.
• Helps to protect the data from outside interference.
• Can achieve using access specifiers (private, public, protected).
Arabic:
(ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻐﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ )ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺱ.
ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺱ.
ﺑﻨﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻩ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ:
private :(ﻣﻴﻨﻔﻌﺶ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺱ ﻳﺸﻮﻓﻪ )ﺧﺎﺹ.
public :(ﺃﻱ ﺣﺪ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ )ﻋﺎﻡ.
protected :(ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﺎﻩ )ﻣﺤﻤﻲ.
6. Abstraction
English:
• Hiding internal details and showing only necessary features.
• Focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.
Arabic:
ﻭﻧُﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻳﺸﻮﻓﻬﺎ،ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺨﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ.
"ﺑﻨﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﺇﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﻤﻠﻪ؟" ﻣﺶ "ﺇﺯﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻌﻤﻠﻪ؟.
7. Inheritance
English:
Nervana Ebrahim
Programming 2
• Process by which one class acquires the properties of another class.
• Promotes code reusability.
Arabic:
ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻳﺎﺧﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﺪﻩ.
ﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻧﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ.
8. Polymorphism
English:
• Ability to take more than one form.
• A single function can behave differently in different contexts.
Arabic:
ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺄﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ.
ﺯﻱ ﻣﺜﻼً ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎarea() ﻭﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ،.
Nervana Ebrahim
