FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES PART A QUESTIONS ® Module 1: Fluid Properties & Pressure Measurement 1. Fill in the Blanks 1, The property of a fluid that enables it to resist shear stress is called . (Viscosity) 2. The ratio of the weight of a given volume of fluid to the weight of an equal volume of water is called . (Specific Gravity) 3. The S/ unit of pressure is - (Pascal or N/m?) 4. Pascal's law states that the pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted in all directions. (Equally) 5. The pressure exerted by a column of liquid of height ‘h’ is given by (P=pghP = \rhog hP=pgh) 6. The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is called - (Barometer) 7. The pressure below atmospheric pressure is called - (Vacuum pressure) 8. The device used to measure small pressure differences in fluids is called - (Differential manometer) 9. Absolute pressure is the sum of and - (Gauge pressure and Atmospheric pressure) 10. The unit of dynamic viscosity in SI system is {Pascal-second or N-s/m?) 2. One-Word Questions 11. Which pressure is measured above atmospheric pressure? (Gauge pressure) 12. Name the property that causes liquid drops to form spherical shapes. (Surface tension) 13. What Is the value of atmospheric pressure at sea level in kPa? (101.325 kPa) 14. Which instrument is used for measuring very high pressures in hydraulic machines? (Bourdon pressure gauge) 1S. Which principle states that "an external force applied to a confined liquid is transmitted equally in all directions"? (Pascal's Law)——E——==———— Mode wn is dajed a te nao of MOP He jo tee Volume ok jus * Denoted ee § o unit - vap|m? § = Mo Volume 2. weight demity | apedke weight 2 Ratio of weight of {uid dy the volume ok fuid- © Denotd by w- e unk NM We Weight pas Volume M we 8 B. 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Pat 2 BB0X9BXO-4 = 5003.1 N|m QAP ofan tank tontains wot up 9 Aupth of 4m and above % an ail of Shmific qevi 0-95 fet 2 dyth of 3m Find Ae al i promt a) ak the infogounte of two liquids b) At the bottom of tu tank eon | [Ea Re zal ns nites (0) Re Sqh 2 Saree fa synikie pov 2 Sit Seat0-35 = Say tooo S gy 4 850 a \w? Pe 950x4-81 x3 = 130I5.5 N]m ———" Ar Ati Bottom of: ane tank (8) Pef+?s Py = 25015-5 Nim Pest Sat 9%, = loo x4 81K + 23924 0N\n LPs 25015-5+ 34240 big eee niles 5 slo" ca = 299245 YW = Cf in =——— i: Prumnutte Meanmement Prue con be enjrused i two vst in By ‘ohivg Atmosphotic, pRunure as aw 2 By ee absolute yr provrwte oy Mbunie° Prumut meosuud b thing. ates photic prumnwi ow Yujountt yy talled Grauge prune. » Pithun above atmesphutic prt wee — Posihve Gauge prussure © Preywe below atmesphotic Proswre ~ Aegadive Gauge popu | Vatu prwusure o Puswud measured aking absiluk 3010 prumue ay Twfoune — Absolute prumurte - Asbsoluk Prue = Atop - prune + Gauge piu Arvslude prunwe 2 Phonp » Spruasuree — Nattum prs.Positive qauge pressure Atmospheric pressure Hegative gauge pressure or yacuum absolute pressure Pressure ——> Zero absolute pressureoe Pon aw Be Minty, that the sprunsurte et inunitg ok prwnute ot any. pint moa Static flucd _ vy 4ome in all dinection - oR 7! Bk oan mien id m a closed Ven) we Ww applied ta al: a, anniferntly pawmitted i Hrmagtnoucs Ane paid fisee ees Devin wed , [. Mechani¢al Gta 2 Manomelis Mano mets, Clomid \nto {+ Simple Manomitot 2: Diffowdial manortor esinifle manownetons vUped to meme Au prawn ak point- : domified nto, a. Piesomett b. v-Take yranomelet a pleat a ee ° aa tux hosing, one end seonnerted \ * phe pte fae i. be meanurted A fin end seins opOpen p= Density of liquid 2 = Acceleration due to gravity h= Rise of liquid in Piezometer glass tube orb. U- Aube manometer. 0 uMuUs a Aube bent in U thafse o one end Vb Unltd & point at which pnw 4 do be mmeaswted 4 oft ond iy opn he aie phe - ZL frmuu same fom the fro gontal | Sunfau- 2 Prupsue ok left limb Prange ak aad Nin bn ZA a Onze Ra 8.9, 2 $4 hy, ar Ae Sigh Sig hy 2. Difjoantial Moanometer, Used fai sts, prem difteunu betueun Awe pins. damifjied nto, a. i-hk difgountial manomett b. 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