Internet & Its Services
Introduction & Key Terms
It is a worldwide system which has the following characteristics:
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of computers linked together for use
by organizations, and individuals using communications devices and media
or
• The Internet is an immense network that connects together
smaller networks all over the globe.
• Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
• IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which
identifies a computer’s location.
• A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP
Address so that user can locate a computer by a name.
• For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://www.tutorialspoint.com to a
particular IP address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is
hosted.
• Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.
Origins of the Internet
• The Internet was launched in 1969 when the United States
funded a project that developed a
national computer network called Advanced Research Project
Agency Network
(ARPANET).
• SEE HANDOUT FOR DETAILS
How Big Is The Internet Today?
• With an estimated 500 million nodes and more than 3 billion
users, the internet is huge. Although exact figures cannot be
determined, it is estimated that the internet handles more than
two exabytes of data everyday. An exabyte is 1.074 billion
gigabytes, and that's a nearly unimaginable amount of data.
Who Supervises Internet Standards??
• Although each country can develop laws, policies, and regulations
for the networks within their jurisdiction, there is one crucial
administrative task necessary to keep the internet from sinking into
chaos. Every Internet node—each server, each computer, and each
piece of data communication equipment—must have a unique
address in order to send and receive data.
• The organization that supervises Internet addressing is ICANN, the
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
Primary Role of ICANN
Control of Internet address assignments is a powerful tool
• It provides the means to block users from accessing specific network
nodes .
• supervise Internet address assignments
• Local governments exercise this power within their jurisdictions to
shut down servers that violate copyright and distribute inappropriate
content .
• The power to globally shut down access to a server, however, only
rests with ICANN.
Internet Infrastructure
CAMTEL
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Use of Internet
• Communication (zoom, skype, voip)
• Shopping (ebay, amazon)
• Research
• Education
• Financial Transaction
• Online Entertainment (TV shows & Movies, online music
(Spotify),Social Media(fb, twitter)
• Real-time Updates (News)
Web (World Wide Web)
Definition:
• The World Wide Web, also called the web, is the service that
provides access to information stored on web servers.
• The web consists of a collection of linked files known as web pages
• A web site is a related collection of webpages created and
maintained by a person, company, educational institution, or other
organization.
Key Definitions
• A home page (?) is the first document users see when they access a website
• A hyperlink, commonly called a link, is an element that connects one
webpage to another webpage on the same server or to any other web server
in the world
• A protocol is a set of rules that defines how a client workstation can
communicate with a server
• A server is the host computer that stores resources and files for websites
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a set of rules for exchanging text,
graphics, audio, video, and other multimedia files on the web.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to exchange files from one computer to
another over the Internet
– This protocol does not provide a way to view a webpage
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a pair of
protocols used to transfer data efficiently over the Internet by properly
routing it to its destination.
• Transmission Control Protocol oversees the network connection between
the data source and destination and micromanages the data.
• Internet Protocol (IP) ensures data is sent to the correct location
• The Domain Name System (DNS) associates an IP address with a
domain name
• A web browser is a program that interprets and displays Web
pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web page
– Microsoft Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, Opera, and Apple Safari
• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a document
or other file accessible on the Internet
• A domain is an area of the Internet a particular organization or person
manages.
• Browser: Applications software that provide access to web resources.
• For browsers to connect to resources, the location or address of the
resources must be specified. These addresses are called uniform resource
locators (URLs). All URLs have at least two basic parts.
• The first part presents the protocol used to connect to the resource.
• The second part presents the domain name. It indicates the specific address
where the resource is located.
• The last part of the domain name following the dot (.) is the top-level
domain (TLD).
• Also known as the web suffix, it typically identifies the type of organization.
For example, .com indicates a commercial site.
Traditional top-level domains
Types of Websites
• An Internet site is another term for a website that is generally
available to anyone with an Internet connection
• An intranet is a private network that uses Internet technologies
to share company information among employees
• An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technologies
to share business information with select corporate partners or
key customers.
Types of Websites
• Many company websites also support electronic commerce (e-
commerce), which is the buying and selling of goods and services
on the Internet
• •Educational institutions use a Learning Management System
(LMS) to simplify course management .
• An LMS is a web-based software application designed to
facilitate online learning
• Search engines provide access to sites
• Blogs provide an opportunity to become a thought leader
