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Causal Inference in Data Science

The document discusses the concept of causality, its definitions, effects, and the importance of understanding causal relationships in various fields. It covers key topics such as confounders, counterfactuals, and the differences between causation and correlation. Additionally, it addresses causal models, inference algorithms, and experimentation methods, highlighting the significance of these concepts in scientific and philosophical contexts.

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Misael García
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19 views3 pages

Causal Inference in Data Science

The document discusses the concept of causality, its definitions, effects, and the importance of understanding causal relationships in various fields. It covers key topics such as confounders, counterfactuals, and the differences between causation and correlation. Additionally, it addresses causal models, inference algorithms, and experimentation methods, highlighting the significance of these concepts in scientific and philosophical contexts.

Uploaded by

Misael García
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Causal Learning

Moad HANI
March 2020

Contents
1 Overview 2

2 Concepts of causality 3
2.1 Definition of causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Causal effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Confounders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.4 Counterfactuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Conditions for causality 3

4 Problems in causal reasoning 3

5 Comparisons 3
5.1 Causal and non-causal systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.2 Causation vs correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.3 identification and causal inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.4 invalidity vs ambiguity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.5 Causal and statistical designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.6 Direct vs indirect effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.7 Causal effect and confounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

6 Causal models 3

7 Inference algorithms 3

8 Experimentation 3
8.1 Laboratory vs Field experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
8.2 Experimental vs Non-experimental designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
8.3 Limitations of experimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

9 Summary 3

10 Key terms and concepts 3

1
1 Overview
The notion of causality plays an essential role in the ordinary, scientific and
philosophical understanding of the world. Every day we ask ourselves questions
about the causes or effects of this or that phenomenon - why the coffee maker
does not work, what consequences this or that policy will have on employment,
etc. We ask ourselves the following questions. Most sciences have as their main
goal the search for causes. And a number of fundamental philosophical concepts
- knowledge, action, moral responsibility, etc. - are also important. - are difficult
or even impossible to understand without recourse to the notion of causality.

Figure 1: Causality different from Correlation :)

2
2 Concepts of causality
2.1 Definition of causality
2.2 Causal effect
2.3 Confounders
2.4 Counterfactuals

3 Conditions for causality


4 Problems in causal reasoning
5 Comparisons
5.1 Causal and non-causal systems
5.2 Causation vs correlation
5.3 identification and causal inference
5.4 invalidity vs ambiguity
5.5 Causal and statistical designs
5.6 Direct vs indirect effects
5.7 Causal effect and confounding

6 Causal models
7 Inference algorithms
8 Experimentation
8.1 Laboratory vs Field experiments
8.2 Experimental vs Non-experimental designs
8.3 Limitations of experimentation

9 Summary
10 Key terms and concepts
References

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