Computer Architecture
Introduction
Moniruzzaman
Lecturer
North Western University, Khulna-9100
101
Moniruzzaman, CSE_NWU
Confession
✿ Most of the materials have been collected from Internet.
✿ Images are taken from Internet.
✿ Various books are used to make these slides.
✿ Various slides are also used.
✿ Further References:
○ Atanu Shome, Assistant Professor, CSE, KU.
○ Computer Organization and Design: the Hardware/Software Interface - Textbook by David A Patterson and John
L. Hennessy.
○ Computer Organization and Architecture - Book by William Stallings
2
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Compute
Architecture
Moniruzzaman, CSE_NWU
Architecture and Organization
● Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer
or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical
execution of a program.
○ Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation,
○ I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.
● Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections
that realize the architectural specifications.
○ Control signals, interfaces, memory technology
Moniruzzaman, CSE_NWU
Architecture and Organization
● Many computer manufacturers offer a family of computer models, all with the same
architecture but with differences in organization.
● Same architecture provides backward compatibility.
○ BUT the organization can be different.
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Why?
● A professional in any field of computing should not regard the computer as just a
black box that executes programs by magic.
● Students should’ve understanding and appreciation of a computer system’s
functional components, their characteristics, their performance, and their
interactions.
● Complex trade-offs between CPU clock speed, cache size, bus organization, number
of core processors, and so on.
● Acknowledging the complexity of existing commercial systems.
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? Question
● How are programs written in a high-level language ?
● What is the interface between the software and the hardware ?
● What determines the performance of a program ?
● What techniques can be used by hardware designers to improve performance?
● What are the reasons for and the consequences of the recent switch from sequential
processing to parallel processing?
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Structure and
Function
Structure is the way in which
components relate to each other
Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
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Structure and Function
Data Processing
Data Storage
Data Movement
Control
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Functional view
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(1)
Data movement
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(2)
Storage
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(3)
Processing
from/to storage
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(4)
Processing from
storage to I/O
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Structure - Top Level
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Structure - The CPU
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Structure - The Control Unit
Logic
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Thank You
Moniruzzaman, CSE_NWU
