Level LINT-C Vocabulary

Unit 1: Good memories!

Verbs Nouns Adjectives Other Meaning Example(s)
achieve achievements achievable n.= something very good and difficult that For an actor, winning an Oscar is one of the greatest achievements
you have succeeded in doing; a prize you can hope for.
/əˈtʃiːv.mənt/ such as money, etc. for something that An Olympic silver medal is a remarkable achievement for one so
somebody has done young.
award award awardable n.= a prize or an amount of money that is Who did the award for Best Actress go to?
given to someone following an official She was in London to accept an award for her latest novel.
/əˈwɔːrd/ decision; a prize such as money, etc. for He was chosen for the best actor award.
something that somebody has done
camp camp camp n.= a place where people stay in tents or School was out and Ali was scheduled to start camp next week.
other temporary structures He spent two weeks at camp this summer.
/kæmp/
childhood n.= the time when someone is a child She had an unhappy childhood.
Childhood is not always a happy time.
/ˈtʃaɪld.hʊd/
current current currently adj.= of the present time; happening now A lot of businesses are being hurt by the current rise in prices.
I wouldn't work for them even if they paid me twice my current
/ˈkɝː.ənt/ salary.
comedian comic adj.= funny and making you want to laugh Adel Imam is a comic genius.
She can always be relied on to provide comic relief (= something to
/ˈkɑː.mɪk/ make you laugh) at a boring party
encourage courage courageous courageously n.= the ability to control your fear in a They showed great courage when they found out about their baby's
dangerous or difficult situation disability.
/ˈkɝː.ɪdʒ/ Khalil's courage during his illness was evident to everyone.
headline headline headline n.= a line of words printed in large letters The news of his death was splashed in headlines across all the
as the title of a story in a newspaper, or newspapers.
/ˈhed.laɪn/ the main points of the news that are The eight o'clock headlines were a shock to everyone.
broadcast on television or radio
hobby n.= an activity that someone does for He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into
pleasure when they are not working trouble.
/ˈhɑː.bi/ The students sidetracked their teacher into talking about her hobby.
illness ill n.= a state of being physically or mentally He died at home after a long illness.
not well Many people suffer from some form of mental illness during their
/ˈɪl.nəs/ lives.
immigrate immigrant immigrational n.= a person who has come to a different My grandparents arrived here as immigrants from Russia in 1910.
country in order to live there permanently Yemeni immigrants and their descendants have played a vital role in
/ˈɪm.ə.ɡrənt/ building other nations.
interest interesting interestingly n.= the feeling of wanting to give your Unfortunately, I lost interest half way through the film.
attention to something or of wanting to be I've always had an interest in astronomy.
/ˈɪn.trɪst/ involved with and to discover more about
something
afterwards adv.= after the time mentioned We had tea, and afterwards we sat in the garden for a while.
Let’s all vote (that) we go to the park first and eat afterwards.
/ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/
far far adv.= at, to, or from a great distance in She doesn't live far from here.
space or time He felt lonely and far from home.
/fɑːr/
fit fit fit adj.= healthy and strong, especially as a You need to be very fit to hike the Yemeni mountains.
result of exercise He's jogging round the park every morning in an effort to get fit for
/fɪt/ the football season.
regular regularly adv.= at the same time each day, week, She regularly appears on TV talk shows.
month etc. The airline regularly offers last-minute bookings at bargain prices.
/ˈreɡjələli/

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argue argument argumentative argumentatively v.= to speak angrily to someone, telling They were arguing over which restaurant to go to.
that person that you disagree with them They used to argue all the time and now they've practically stopped
/ˈɑːrɡ.juː/ talking to each other.
collect collection collective collectively v.= to get and keep things of one type So, when did you start collecting antique glass?
such as stamps or coins as a hobby; to
/kəˈlekt/ bring things together from different I collect her two daughters and take them to school with us every
people or places morning. (British)

direct direction directed directly v.= without anyone or anything else being She directs a large charity company to help the poor.
involved or between Many farmers are developing direct access to consumers.
/daɪˈrekt/
donate donation v.= to give money or goods to help a An anonymous businesswoman donated one million dollars to the
person or group of people charity.
/ˈdoʊ.neɪt/ She donated a sizeable portion of her wealth to children's charities.
politics political politically n.= the job of holding a position of power The group is campaigning to get more women into politics.
in the government He is planning to retire from politics next year.
/ˈpɑː.lə.tɪks/
possess possession possessive possessively n.= something that you own or that you The possession of large amounts of money does not ensure happiness.
are carrying with you at a particular time She attaches a lot of importance to personal possessions.
/pəˈzeʃ.ən/
hometown n.= the town or city that a person is from, He was born in Hodeidah, but he considers Sana’a his hometown
especially the one in which they were since he's lived there most of his life.
/ˈhoʊm.taʊn/ born and lived while they were young She returned to her hometown to stay after college.
memorize memory memorable memorably n.= the ability to remember information, That last conversation we had is engraved in my memory forever.
experiences, and people Sorry, I have a terrible memory for names I’ve forgotten what your
/ˈmem.ər.i/ daughter is called.
outdoor outdoors adj.= existing, happening, or done Sara's not really the outdoor type.
outside, rather than inside a building We offer our guests a wide range of outdoor activities.
/ˈaʊtˌdɔːr/
pet pet n.= an animal that is kept in the home as a Doctors have discovered that keeping a pet can do wonders for your
companion and treated kindly health.
/pet/ They have several pets, a dog, two rabbits, and a cat.
playground n.= an area designed for children to play The children ran in zigzags around the playground until they were
in outside, especially at a school or in a exhausted.
/ˈpleɪ.ɡraʊnd/ park There were children fighting in the playground.
profile profile n.= a short description of someone's life, We need to increase our company's profile in Asia.
work, character, etc. We first build up a detailed profile of our customers and their
/ˈproʊ.faɪl/ requirements.
recreate recreation recreational n.= (a way of) enjoying yourself when His favorite recreations are golf and playing scrabble.
you are not working Emma's only form of recreation seems to be shopping.
/ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən/
relate relatives relative relatively n.= a member of your family All her close relatives came to the wedding.
There weren't many people at the funeral just close family relatives.
/ˈrel.ə.t̬ ɪv/
role n.= the position or purpose that someone Schools play an important role in society.
or something has in a situation, The government should be playing a more prominent role in
/roʊl/ organization, society, or relationship promoting human rights.
self-portrait n.= a picture, photograph, or piece of There are many marvelous self-portraits in this show.
writing that you make of or about yourself The paintings will include landscapes and an abundance of self-
/ˌselfˈpɔːr.trɪt/ portraits.
specialize specialist n.= someone who has a lot of experience, She's a specialist in modern French literature.
knowledge, or skill in a particular subject Ali is a software specialist.
/ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪst/
stick stickers sticky n.= a small piece of paper or plastic with Sara's notebook is covered with stickers.
a picture or writing on one side and glue There were two different price stickers on the shoes I wanted to buy.
/ˈstɪk.ɚ/ or another similar substance on the other
side, so that it will fasten to a surface

superhero n.= a character in a film or story who has He decides to use this effect to become a superhero.
special strength and uses it to do good She later retired from superhero activity and became a hairdresser.
/ˈsuː.pɚˌhɪr.oʊ/ things and help other people

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thrill thriller n.= a book, play, or film that has an The novel is a political thriller.
exciting story, often about solving a crime One of the ideas that stuck with us was making some kind of mystery
/ˈθrɪl.ɚ/ or thriller.
basics basic basically adj.= simple and not complicated, so able I really need to get some basic financial advice.
to provide the base or starting point from The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.
/ˈbeɪ.sɪk/ which something can develop
messiness messy messily adj.= untidy His bedroom's always messy.
A messy kitchen is usually the result after men cook.
/ˈmes.i/
originality original originally adv.= first of all Originally it was a bedroom, but we turned it into a study.
They now live in California, but originally they came from Mexico.
/əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl.i/
neat neatly adj.= tidy, with everything in its place Your house is always so neat how do you manage it?
She likes everything neat and tidy.
/niːt/
hide-and-seek n.= a children's game in which a group of They played hide-and-seek a lot, waiting for the rain to lift so they
children hide in secret places and then one could go outside.
/haɪd.ənˈsiːk/ child has to go to look for them We cannot play a game of hide-and-seek where the figures are not all
out.
tragedy tragic tragically n.= a very sad event or situation, His life was touched by hardship and personal tragedy.
especially one involving death or It's a tragedy (that) so many young people are unable to find jobs.
/ˈtrædʒ.ə.di/ suffering
develop development devolving v.= to (cause something to) grow or This exercise is designed to develop your thinking skills.
change into a more advanced, larger, or I'm looking for a job which will enable me to develop my skills to
/dɪˈvel.əp/ developable stronger form have a better future.
destiny destined n.= the things that will happen in the Is it destiny that brings good friends together, or is it an accident?
future We all want to determine our own destinies.
/ˈdes.tɪ.ni/
suffer sufferance v.= to experience physical or mental pain I think he suffered a lot when he was forced to relocate to another
country for the purpose of work.
/ˈsʌf.ɚ/ She's been suffering from cancer for two years.
pregnancy pregnant n.= (of a woman and some female My mother stopped smoking when she became pregnant.
animals) having a baby or babies My sister is pregnant with twins.
/ˈpreɡ.nənt/ developing inside the womb
unfortune unfortunate unfortunately adv.= used to say that something is sad, Unfortunately, I didn't have my credit card with me, or else I would
disappointing, or has a bad effect have bought it.
/ʌnˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət.li/ Unfortunately, the plane has been delayed, the new departure time is
4:20pm.
amaze amazement amazing amazingly v.= to cause someone to be extremely You've done all your homework in an hour? You amaze me.
surprised It amazes me to think that Ahmed is now in charge of the company.
/əˈmeɪz/
cast n.= an object made by pouring hot liquid Mohammed has his leg in a cast.
into a container and leaving it to become You can make a cast of the statue.
/kæst/ solid
recognize recognition recognizable recognizably v.= to know someone or something His red hair and short stature made him easy to recognize
because you have seen or heard him or Doctors are trained to recognize the symptoms of different diseases.
/ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/ her or experienced it before

Unit 2: Life in the city.

ATM n.= a machine that lets you get cash from The first ATMs appeared in the 1960’s and now there are number
your bank account without visiting a teller more than 2 million worldwide.
/ˌeɪ.tiːˈem (Automated Teller Machine) Where can I find the nearest ATM?
cycle cyclist n.= someone who rides a cycle There’s a special lane for cyclists.
Cyclists may not realize the risks involved in riding without a helmet.
/ˈsɑɪ·klɪst/
cycling
birthplace n.= the house, town, etc. where a person Stratford-Upon-Avon is famous as Shakespeare's birthplace.
was born I was on a trip to Haiti, both my husband's and my birthplace.
/ˈbɝːθ.pleɪs/
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block block n.= the distance along a street from where The museum is just six blocks away.
one road crosses it to the place where the My friend and I live on the same block.
/blɑːk/ next road crosses it, or one part of a street I jog around the block every morning before going to work.
like this, especially in a town or city
campaign campaign n.= a planned group of especially She's the campaign organizer for the international conference.
political, business, or military activities We have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers.
/kæmˈpeɪn/ that are intended to achieve a particular
aim
capacity n.= the total amount that can be contained The stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000.
or produced The last five years have seen a huge increase in the country's export
/kəˈpæs.ə.t̬ i/ capacity.
certify certificate certification n.= the qualification that you receive She has a certificate in Drama Education.
when you are successful in an exam A doctor's medical certificate.
/sɚˈtɪf.ə.kət/
CO2 n.= the chemical symbol for carbon The global pandemic of coronavirus has temporarily cut global
dioxide; used to refer to the substance emissions of CO2.
/ˌsiː.oʊˈtuː/ carbon dioxide They set new CO2 reduction targets.
commute commute n.= a regular journey between work and It's at least an hour's commute to work.
home Most farmers would not need to resettle because the new lands are at
/kəˈmjuːt/ commuting distances from the villages.
commuter
crowd crowd crowded n.= a large group of people who have A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.
come together The crowd was cheering and urging her on all through the race.
/kraʊd/
daycare n.= care or education provided during the Do your children go to daycare or preschool? He volunteers once
day, especially for young children A week at a daycare center for the elderly.
/ˈdeɪ ˌker/
facilitate facility facilitative n.= the buildings, equipment, and services Most of these people are living in long-term care facilities.
provided for a particular purpose The hospital has no medical facilities.
/fəˈsɪl.ə.t̬ i/
facilitation
fare fare n.= the money that you pay for a journey Train fares are going up again.
in a vehicle such as a bus or train Government sources estimate a long-term 50 percent increase in rail
/fer/ fares.
govern government governmental governmentally n.= the group of people who officially Unlike the present government, we believe in serving the community.
control a country She has resigned as district attorney from the government.
/ˈɡʌv.ɚn.mənt/
healthcare n.= the activity or business of providing Many people in the country cannot afford healthcare.
medical services The hospital was designed to grow with the surrounding healthcare
ˈhelθkeər/ needs of the area.
issue issue n.= a subject or problem that people are This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.
thinking and talking about The point at this issue is what best for the child.
/ˈɪs.juː/
marvel marvel marvelous marvelously v.= to show or experience great surprise I often marvel that humans can treat each other so badly.
or admiration "Just look at that waterfall! Isn't it amazing?" she marveled.

message message n.= a short piece of information that you If I'm not there when you call, leave a message.
give to a person when you cannot speak to I got a message that she'll be late.
/ˈmes.ɪdʒ/ them directly.
board board v.= to get onto or allow people to get onto At London airport she boarded a plane to Australia.
a boat, train, or aircraft Passengers waiting to board please go to the ticket counter?
/bɔːrd/
naturalize nature natural naturally n.= all the animals, plants, rocks, etc. in Fishermen are always at the mercy of the forces of nature.
the world and all the features, forces, and He lived in close communion with nature.
/ˈneɪ.tʃɚ/ processes that happen or exist
independently of people, such as the
weather, the sea, mountains, the
production of young animals or plants,
and growth

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 paradise n.= a place or condition of great His idea of paradise is to spend the day lying on the beach.
happiness where everything is exactly as Hawaii is a paradise for surfers.
/ˈper.ə.daɪs/ you would like it to be
passenger n.= a person who is travelling in a vehicle All passengers for flight LH103 please proceed to gate 16.
but is not driving it, flying it, or working Fortunately, none of the passengers were badly injured in the crash.
/ˈpæs.ən.dʒɚ/ on it
pedestrian pedestrian n.= a person who is walking, especially in A few pedestrians sheltered from the rain in doorways.
an area where vehicles go The death rate for pedestrians hit by cars is unacceptably high.
/pəˈdes.tri.ən/
pollute pollution polluted n.= damage caused to water, air, etc. by The company claims it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
harmful substances or waste Car exhaust is the main reason for the city's pollution.
/pəˈluː.ʃən/
post post n.= letters, etc. that are delivered to I had been away for a few days so I had a lot of posts waiting for me.
homes or places of work My secretary usually opens my post, unless it's marked "private".
/poʊst/
restroom n.= a room with toilets that is in a public There is a public restroom facility in the camping area.
place, for example in a restaurant Restrooms are located on every floor of each building.
/ˈrest.rʊm/
reside resident residential n.= a person who lives or has their home The local residents were angry at the lack of parking spaces.
in a place Most local residents strenuously object to the building proposals.
/ˈrez.ə.dənt/
rush rush n.= a situation in which you have to hurry Why is it always such a rush to get ready in the mornings?
or move somewhere quickly Everyone seemed to be in a rush.
/rʌʃ/
serve service n.= a government system or private I've worked in public health services throughout my career.
organization that is responsible for a There is a very limited bus service on Sundays.
/ˈsɝː.vɪs/ particular type of activity, or for providing
a particular thing that people need
sign sign n.= a notice giving information, The sign on the wall says "Please refrain from smoking."
directions, a warning, etc. She pointed to her watch as a sign that it was getting late and she
/saɪn/ wanted to leave.
slogan n.= a short easily remembered phrase, That old campaign slogan really means that there should be jobs and
especially one used to advertise an idea or enough food for all citizens.
/ˈsloʊ.ɡən/ a product The campaign slogan caught the attention of many citizens.
tip tip n.= a useful piece of information, She gave me a practical tip about growing tomatoes.
especially about how to do something or Layla gave me some tips about the best places to visit.
/tɪp/ about the likely winner of a race or
competition
theme park n.= a large permanent area for public They need a crowd puller such as a theme park.
entertainment, with entertaining activities It also has the second largest and most popular theme park in the
/ˈθiːm ˌpɑːrk/ and big machines to ride on or play games country.
on, restaurants, etc., sometimes all
connected with a single subject
tour tourism touristic n.= he business of providing services such The island is being destroyed by the relentless march of tourism.
as transport, places to stay, or We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the
/ˈtʊr.ɪ.zəm/ entertainment for people who are on environment.
tourist holiday

traffic traffic n.= the number of vehicles moving along We got stuck in traffic for several hours.
roads, or the number of aircraft, trains, or I heard about the accident on the traffic report on the radio this
/ˈtræf.ɪk/ ships moving along a route morning.
afford affordability affordable affordably adj.= not expensive They are meeting consumer demand for fashionable products at
affordable prices.
/əˈfɔːr.də.bəl/ Most of the books they sell are affordable.
color color colorful colorfully adj.= having bright colors or a lot of She covered the first 6 books with brown paper and the other 9 books
different colors with colorful paper.
/ˈkʌl.ɚ.fəl/ Rose wore a colorful blue and yellow dress.
cheer cheer cheerful cheerfully adj.= happy and positive You're in a cheerful mood this morning.
He's usually fairly cheerful.
/ˈtʃɪr.fəl/

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 duty-free adj.= duty free goods are goods bought in He bought his wife some duty-free perfume.
special shops in airports, on ships, etc. on We can buy our duty-free while we're waiting at the airport.
/ˌduː.t̬ iˈfriː/ which you do not pay government tax
ecofriendly adj.= not harmful to the environment, or The building has many features that make it more ecofriendly as well
trying to help the environment as reducing heating costs.
/ˈek.oʊˌfrend.li/ These ecofriendly businesses help recycle your old stuff.
family friendly adj.= suitable for or aimed at families with We need to promote family friendly work policies.
children They have recently launched a chain of family friendly restaurants.
/ˌfæm.əl.iˈfrend.li/
health healthy adj.= strong and well A good diet and plenty of exercise will help you to keep your body
healthy.
/ˈhel.θi/ A healthy body will be able to fight off the illness naturally without
the use of medicine.
prepaid adj.= if a product or service is prepaid, it Use a prepaid phone card if you're someone who rarely makes long-
has already been paid for distance calls.
/priːˈpeɪd/ Each advertisement runs six times and is $350 prepaid.
apply applicant applicable applicably v.= to request something, usually We could apply for a loan to buy a car.
officially, especially in writing or by She's applied for a job with an insurance company.
/əˈplaɪ/ sending in a form
appreciate appreciation appreciative v.= to recognize how good someone or I don't think you appreciate how much time I spent preparing this
something is and to value them or it meal.
/əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ I received your kind letter and I really appreciate it.
attract attraction attractive attractively v.= to pull or draw someone or something These flowers are brightly colored in order to attract butterflies.
towards them, by the qualities they have, Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention in the scientific community.
/əˈtrækt/ especially good ones
cause cause v.= to make something happen, especially The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents.
something bad Most heart attacks are caused by blood clots.
/kɑːz/
earn earn earnable v.= to receive money as payment for work This month’s raise means that I’ll be earning $45,000 a year.
that you do When I started earning more money, I decided to invest in a business.
/ɝːn/
improve improvement improving improvingly v.= to (cause something to) get better I thought the best way to improve my French was to live in France.
Her health has improved dramatically since she started on this new
/ɪmˈpruːv/ diet.
lend lend v.= to give something to someone for a She doesn't like lending her books.
short period of time, expecting it to be It was most generous of you to lend me the money.
/lend/ given back
provide provision provident v.= to give someone something that they This booklet provides useful information about local services.
need Do you think the state should provide free nursery education?
/prəˈvaɪd/ provider
recycle recycling v.= to sort and collect rubbish in order to The Japanese recycle more than half their waste paper.
treat it and produce useful materials that Shall I just throw this bottle away, or do you recycle?
/ˌriːˈsaɪ.kəl/ can be used again
local local locally adj.= belonging or relating to a particular Most of the local population depend on fishing for their income.
area or neighborhood Many local shops will be forced to close if the new supermarket is
/ˈloʊ.kəl/ built.
cancer cancer cancerous n.= a serious disease that is caused when This new drug could be an important step in the fight against cancer.
cells in the body grow in a way that is He died last week after a long fight with cancer.
/ˈkæn.sɚ/ uncontrolled and not normal, killing
normal cells and often causing death
tax tax n.= (an amount of) money paid to the The government have promised that they'll reduce taxes.
government that is based on your income Do you pay less tax if you're self-employed?
/tæks/ or the cost of goods or services you have
bought
volunteer volunteer voluntary voluntarily n.= a person who does something, He emphasized that all the people taking part in the research were
especially helping other people, willingly volunteers.
/ˌvɑː.lənˈtɪr/ and without being forced or paid to do it As a volunteer on the childcare project, I really saw life.

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 Unit 3: Making changes.
room and board n.= the meals and room that are provided I pay each semester for room and board at college.
when someone pays to stay somewhere, He received a salary of $1,500 per month plus room and board.
/ˌruːm ən ˈbɔːrd/ for example when working or studying
away from home
contact lenses n.= a small round curved piece of I usually wear contact lenses, but I sometimes wear glasses when my
transparent plastic, worn on the surface eyes are tired.
/ˈkɑːn.tækt ˌlenz/ of the eye to improve your sight She wears contact lenses more often than glasses.
damage damage v.= to harm or spoil something Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
It was a scandal that damaged a lot of reputations.
/ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/
evaluate evaluation evaluative evaluatively n.= the process of judging or calculating The researchers turned up no credible evaluations at all.
the quality, importance, amount, or You need a careful evaluation by an experienced doctor.
/ɪˌvæl.juˈeɪ.ʃən/ value of something
expend expense expendable n.= the use of money, time, or effort Our biggest expense this year was our summer holiday.
Owning a car involves a lot of expense which is unavoidable.
/ɪkˈspens/
expenditure
housework n.= the work of keeping a house clean Housework is a good thing to teach every child in order to learn
and tidy responsibility.
/ˈhaʊs.wɝːk/ We divide the housework between us, but he always makes me clean
the bathrooms!
instrument instrumental n.= an object, such as a piano, guitar, or If you want to learn to play a musical instrument, it might be a good
drum, that is played to produce musical idea to begin on something simple.
/ˈɪn.strə.mənt/ sounds; a tool or device used for a When a piece of music is recorded, each instrument is recorded
particular task, especially for specialist separately on a 24 or 48 track tape.
or scientific work
mobile home n.= a type of building that people live in, I was struck by the number of mobile home residents who prefer this
usually staying in one place, but able to type of home.
/ˌmoʊ.bəl ˈhoʊm/ be moved using a vehicle or sometimes There are all over the country, in many constituencies, large sites with
its own engine mobile home dwellers in them.
personalize personality personal personally n.= the type of person you are, shown by She has a cheerful and attractive personality.
the way you behave, feel, and think He has a dynamic personality that makes me different among his
/ˌpɝː.sənˈæl.ə.t̬ i/ colleagues.
PIN n.= a secret number that a person uses Please enter your PIN number.
together with a special card to get When the chip and PIN are used, a PIN number is entered instead of
/pɪn/ money from their bank account out of a signing a receipt.
machine, or when paying by credit card.
(Personal Identification Number)
privatize privacy private privately n.= someone's right to keep their The new law is designed to protect people's privacy.
personal matters and relationships secret Famous people often find their privacy is invaded by the press.
/ˈpraɪ.və.si/
progress progress progressive progressively n.= movement to an improved or more I'm not making much progress with my Spanish.
developed state, or to a forward position Technological progress has been so rapid over the last few years.
/ˈprɑː.ɡres/
question questionnaire questioning questioningly n.= a list of questions that several people Visitors to the country have been asked to fill in a detailed
are asked so that information can be questionnaire.
/ˌkwes.tʃəˈner/ collected about something The study is based on the responses of 302 employers to an online
questionnaire.
remind reminder n.= a written or spoken message that If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a reminder.
reminds someone to do something I finally paid the bill after two reminders.
/rɪˈmaɪn.dɚ/
rent rent n.= a fixed amount of money that you We're really struggling to find enough money to pay the rent at the
pay regularly for the use of a room, moment.
house, car, television, etc. that someone I pay a higher rent than the other tenants because my room is bigger.
else owns

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reunify reunion n.= a social event for a group of people We're having a family reunion next week.
who have not seen each other for a long The college has an annual reunion for former students.
reunite /ˌriːˈjuː.njən/ time
reunification
safari n.= an organized journey to look at, or For his vacation, he plans to go on safari in Kenya.
sometimes hunt, wild animals, especially He went on a safari in Africa last year.
/səˈfɑːr.i/ in Africa
seed seed n.= a small, round or oval object It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout.
produced by a plant and from which, How many seeds are there in a packet?
/siːd/ when it is planted, a new plant can grow
space space spacious spaciously n.= an empty area that is available to be Is there any space for my clothes in that cupboard?
used When the roads are wet, you've got to leave plenty of space between
/speɪs/ you and the car in front.
suburb n.= an area on the edge of a large town We drove from middleclass suburbs to a very poor inner-city area.
or city where people who work in the We live in a suburb of London.
/ˈsʌb.ɝːb/ town or city often live
afraid adj.= feeling fear, or feeling worry about Don't be afraid to say what you think.
the possible results of a particular I've always been afraid of flying.
/əˈfreɪd/ situation
average average average adj.= used to describe an amount that Price rises were strong in Wales, where the average cost of a property
you get by adding two or more amounts jumped by 31.8%.
/ˈæv.ɚ.ɪdʒ/ together and then dividing by the The average age of the 'Times' reader is fairly low at 42.
number of amounts
brighten brightness bright brightly adj.= full of light, shining The rooms were bright and airy.
When she looked up her eyes were bright with tears.
/braɪt/
common commonly adj.= the same in a lot of places or for a It's quite common to see couples who dress alike.
lot of people Bad dreams are fairly common among children.
/ˈkɑː.mən/
convenience convenient conveniently adj.= useful to you because it saves you My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient time to meet.
time; useful, easy or quick to do; not I leave my umbrella in a convenient spot by the door so I don't forget
/kənˈviːniənt/ causing problems it on the way out.
cramp cramp cramped adj.= a cramped room, building etc. does The kitchen was small and cramped.
not have enough space for the people in Five workers were packed into a cramped office.
it
dinginess dingy dingily adj.= dark and often also dirty He ate lunch in a dingy little cafe next to the station.
Her hair was a dingy brown color.
/ˈdɪn.dʒi/
rundown adj.= a building or area that is rundown A rundown inner-city area is pretty hard to live in.
is in very bad condition My grandparents used to live in a very rundown building.
/ˌrʌnˈdaʊn/
separate separation separate separately adj.= existing or happening I try to keep meat separate from other food in the fridge.
independently or in a different physical I have my public life and my private life, and as far as possible I try to
/ˈsep.ɚ.ət/ space keep them separate.
wild wild wild adj.= uncontrolled, violent, or extreme The audience burst into wild applause.
He was wild with rage.
/waɪld/
expect expectation expected expectedly v.= to think or believe something will We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.
happen, or someone will arrive I don't expect we'll have any more trouble from him.
/ɪkˈspekt/
waste waste wasteful wastefully v.= an unnecessary or wrong use of That meeting achieved absolutely nothing it was a complete waste of
money, substances, time, energy, time.
/weɪst/ abilities, etc. It's not fair to say that all the money and hard work went to waste.
immediate immediately adv.= now or without waiting or We really ought to leave immediately.
thinking The telephone rang, and he answered it immediately.
/ɪˈmiː.di.ət.li/
criticize criticism critical critically v.= to express disapproval of someone The government is being widely criticized in the media for failing to
or something limit air pollution.
/ˈkrɪt̬ .ɪ.saɪz/
Page 8 of 23
 We're a group of artists who meet to discuss ideas and criticize each
other's work.
model model n.= a person who wears clothes so that I worked as an artist's model when I was a college student.
they can be photographed or shown to My father is my role model in life.
/ˈmɑː.dəl/ possible buyers, or a person who is
employed to be photographed or painted
imagine imagination imaginative imaginatively v.= to form or have a mental picture or Try to imagine a room as big as a football field.
idea of something Mary was always imagining that people were talking about her behind
/ɪˈmædʒ.ɪn/ her back.
organic organically adj.= not using artificial chemicals in the Supermarkets have recognized the increasing popularity of organic
growing of plants and animals for food food.
/ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk/ and other products Sales of organic food have increased dramatically in recent years.
experiment experiment experimental experimentally n.= a test done in order to learn Don't forget to try out the equipment before setting up the experiment.
something or to discover if something In the second experiment, they obtained a very clear result.
/ɪkˈsper.ə.mənt/ works or is true

Unit 4: Have you ever tried it?

check check v.= to make certain that something or You should always check your oil, water, and tires before taking your
someone is correct, safe, or suitable by car on a long trip.
/tʃek/ examining it, him, or her quickly After I'd finished the exam, I checked my answers for mistakes.
cilantro n.= the leaves of the coriander plant, The main ingredients are eggplants, tomatoes, bell peppers, garlic,
used to add flavor to food and cilantro.
/səˈlæn.troʊ/ The soup is often topped with a generous sprinkle of freshly chopped
cilantro.
coconut n.= a large fruit like a nut with a thick, My sister is looking for a recipe for haystacks, which are a vanilla
hard, brown shell covered in fiber flavored candy with coconut.
/ˈkoʊ.kə.nʌt/ Coconut chips were added to the recipe.

comfort food n.= simple food that makes you feel A lot of people consider macaroni and cheese the ultimate comfort
relaxed and happy food, but it has never enchanted us.
/ˈkʌm.fɚt ˌfuːd/ What's your favorite comfort food?
curry n.=a type of food from India, consisting He doesn't like a hot curry, he prefers a mild one.
of meat or vegetables in a spicy sauce I think I’ll have a chicken curry.
/ˈkɝː.i/
know knowledge knowledgeable knowledgeably n.= understanding of or information Her knowledge of English grammar is very extensive.
about a subject that you get by She has an intimate knowledge of Sana`a, where she has lived for 20
/ˈnɑː.lɪdʒ/ experience or study, either known by years.
one person or by people generally
lobster n.= an animal that lives in the sea and We had lobster for dinner.
has a long body covered with a hard The oil spill in the sea will cause a reduction in lobster production.
/ˈlɑːb.stɚ/ shell, two large claws, and eight legs, or
its flesh when used as food
ramen n.= a Japanese meat or fish soup He brings her a bowl of ramen, and she loves it.
containing noodles (= long thin strips The noodles are thicker than ramen but thinner than indomi.
/ˈrɑː.men/ made from flour, water, and egg) and
vegetables
sauce n.= a thick liquid eaten with food to add Vanilla ice cream with chocolate sauce is the best flavor to try.
flavor You have to add one sliced onion, a can of tomato sauce and hot
/sɑːs/ water to the food you are cooking.
shellfish n.=sea creatures that live in shells and Lobsters, crabs, and oysters are all shellfish.
are eaten as food, or one of these It seems that environments such as seawater or shellfish might be
/ˈʃel.fɪʃ/ creatures exposed with the cultural cells.
squid n.= a sea creature with a long body and The shrimp and squid in particular make for interesting textural
ten arms situated around the mouth, or contrasts.
/skwɪd/ this animal can be eaten as food I ordered a plate of fried squid.

takeout n.= a meal cooked and bought at a shop Let’s have Chinese takeout for dinner tonight.
or restaurant but taken somewhere else, We should not spend the time eating in the restaurant. Takeout is
/ˈteɪk.aʊt/ preferable for now.

Page 9 of 23
 often home, to be eaten, or the shop or
restaurant itself

topping n.= a substance, especially a sauce or What toppings did you put on your ice cream?
pieces of food, that is put on top of other You can get pizza with six different choices of toppings.
/ˈtɑː.pɪŋ/ food to give extra flavor and to make it
look attractive
appetizer n.= a small amount of food eaten before This shrimp would also be deliciously served on skewers as a party
a meal appetizer.
/ˈæp.ə.taɪ.zɚ/ Vegetables in some areas are a great appetizer.
bowl n.= a round container that is open at the Just put the dirty dishes in the washing-up bowl, and I'll do them
top and is deep enough to hold fruit, later.
/boʊl/ sugar, etc. I just bought a nice set of mixing bowls.
bunch n.= a number of things of the same type She sent him a bunch of red roses.
fastened together or in a close group Your friends are a nice bunch.
/bʌntʃ/
compete competition competitive competitively n.= a situation in which someone is There's a lot of competition between computer companies.
trying to win something or be more You don't need to eat so quickly! It's not a competition.
/ˌkɑːm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ successful than someone else
diet diet diet n.= an eating plan in which someone I'm going on a diet next week and hope to lose ten pounds before
eats less food, or only particular types of Christmas.
/ˈdaɪ.ət/ food, because they want to become Following his recent health scare, my boss is now on a diet.
thinner or for medical reasons
dough n.= flour mixed with water and often She mixed the dough and left it to rise.
yeast, fat, or sugar, so that it is ready for Continue mixing the dough until it is smooth.
/doʊ/ baking
driver’s license n.= official permission for someone to Can I see your driver's license please, sir?
drive a car, received after passing a I got my driver’s license when I was 16.
/draɪ.vɚzˌ laɪ.səns/ driving test, or a document showing this
pan pan n.= a metal container that is round and This dishwasher even washes pots and pans.
often has a long handle and a lid, used Put both cake pans in the oven for half an hour.
/pæn/ for cooking things on top of a cooker
recipe n.= a set of instructions telling you how For real South Asian food, just follow these recipes.
to prepare and cook food, including a list I never follow recipes exactly as written when I cook, I just use them
/ˈres.ə.pi/ of what food/ingredient is needed for as rough guides.
this
serve server n.= someone whose job is to bring you The server handed me the menu with a flourish.
your food in a restaurant The server smiled disrespectfully at anyone who didn't know which
/ˈsɝː.vɚ/ juice to order.
side side n.= a flat outer surface of an object, I walked around the side of the building.
especially one that is not the top, the The window on the right side of the house was open.
/saɪd/ bottom, the front, or the back
slice slice n.= a flat, often thin, piece of food that Would you like another slice of beef?
has been cut from a larger piece She took a slice of chocolate cake and smothered it in cream.
/slaɪs/
stew stew n.= a type of food consisting usually of She prepared a hearty stew for dinner.
meat or fish and vegetables cooked My mother makes the best chicken stew I have ever tasted.
/stuː/ slowly in a small amount of liquid
survey survey surveyable n.= an examination of opinions, A recent survey showed that 58 percent of people did not know where
behavior, etc., made by asking people their heart is.
/ˈsɝː.veɪ/ questions We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of
their local bus service.
tablespoon n.= a large spoon used for serving food You can also add three tablespoons of sugar after all to give your
or the amount that it holds meal that sweet taste.
/ˈteɪ.bəl.spuːn/ Blend the cocoa with 2 tablespoons of the milk until creamy.

ethnic ethnically adj.= relating or belonging to a group of They are the second largest ethnic group in Kenya.
people who can be seen as distinct (= There are 40 ethnic groups among the school's pupils, who speak
/ˈeθ.nɪk/ different) because they have a shared many different languages.
culture, tradition, language, history, etc.

Page 10 of 23
 juice juicy adj.= juicy foods contain a lot of juice The cake that I had last night was juicy.
and are enjoyable to eat As a starter, we had delicious juicy tomatoes stuffed with rice.
/ˈdʒuː.si/

marinate marinade marinated v.= to put meat or fish in a marinade, or Leave the meat to marinate in the fridge overnight.
to be left in a marinade for some time A chef marinated a few pieces in soy sauce and served it as Nigerian
/ˈmærəneɪt/ sushi.
melt melted v.= to turn from something solid into When the sun came out, the ice began to melt.
something soft or liquid, or to cause Melt the chocolate over a pan of water.
/melt/ something to do this
enrich richness rich richly adj.= if food is rich, it contains a large This chocolate cake is too rich for me.
amount of oil, butter, eggs, or cream The sauce was very rich.
/rɪtʃ/
soothe soothing v.= to make someone feel calmer and Amira soothed the baby by rocking him in her arms.
less anxious, upset, or angry She made a cup of tea to soothe her nerves.
/suːð/
temp temping temping adj.= involving being employed for a I got a temping job for a few months.
short period, especially in an office I'd planned to sign on with some temping agencies.
/ˈtem.pɪŋ/ while another person is absent or when
there is extra work; relating to this type
of work
toughen toughness tough toughly adj.= strong; not easily broken or made These toys are made from tough plastic.
weaker Children's shoes need to be tough.
/tʌf/
anxious anxiously adj.= worried about something My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don't arrive when we say
we will.
/ˈæŋkʃəs/ I saw my sister's anxious face at the window.
clay clay n.= thick, heavy soil that is soft when Clay is used for making bricks and pots.
wet, and hard when dry or baked, used I saw a great crafts shop, full of clay and paints.
/kleɪ/ for making bricks and containers
depress depression depressed depressingly adj.= very unhappy The divorce left him deeply depressed.
I was depressed at the thought of all the hard work ahead.
/dɪˈprest/
irritate irritability irritable irritably adj.= becoming annoyed very easily "Don't disturb me again," she said in an irritable voice.
You're turning into an irritable old man.
/ˈɪr.ə.t̬ ə.bəl/
lower low low low adj.= small, or smaller than usual, in These people are living on relatively low incomes.
amount, level, or value Vegetables are generally low in calories.
/loʊ/
secure security secure securely adj.= to make something safe from being Children need to feel secure in order to do well at school.
attacked, harmed, or lost People want to feel secure economically.
/səˈkjʊr/
stress stress stressed stressfully adj.= worried and unhappy because you I feel less stressed since I've been working just part time.
have too much work or too many I'm really stressed out about work at the moment.
/strest/ problems to deal with
stressful
chop chop chop v.= to cut something into pieces with an He was chopping wood in the yard.
axe, knife, or other sharp instrument Chop (up) the onions and carrots roughly.
/tʃɑːp/
contain container v.= to have something inside or include How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
something as a part I lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
/kənˈteɪn/
heat heat hot n.= the quality of being hot or warm, or How do you manage to work in this heat without air conditioning?
the temperature of something She always wore a coat, even in the heat of summer.
/hiːt/
influence influencer influential influentially v.= to affect or change how someone or She's very good at making friends and influencing people.
something develops, behaves, or thinks Several factors are likely to influence this decision.
/ˈɪn.flu.əns/
mash mash v.= to crush food, usually after cooking Mash the potatoes and then mix in the butter and herbs.
it, so that it forms a soft mass My kid likes to have his meals mashed.
/mæʃ/

Page 11 of 23
outsmart v.= to gain an advantage over someone The older kids outsmart the young ones when trading cards.
using tricks or your intelligence You think you can outsmart me?
/ˌaʊtˈsmɑːrt/

pop (up) pop v.= to go to a particular place I've just got to pop into the bank to get some money.
Would you pop upstairs and see if granddad is okay?
/pɑːp/
pour pour v.= to make a substance flow from a I spilled the juice while I was pouring it.
container, especially into another Pour the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other
/pɔːr/ container, by raising just one side of the ingredients.
container that the substance is in
refrigerate refrigerator refrigerated v.= to make or keep something, Fresh orange juice should be refrigerated after being opened and
especially food or drink, cold so that it drunk within three days.
/rɪˈfrɪdʒ·əˌreɪt/ stays fresh, usually in a fridge Refrigerate the mayonnaise after opening the jar.
relieve relief relieved v.= to make an unpleasant feeling, such She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.
as pain or worry, less strong Salma relieved her boredom at home by learning how to type.
/rɪˈliːv/
roll out v.= to make a new product, service, or The government plans to roll out a series of tax cuts over the next few
system available for the first time years.
/roʊl/ A media campaign is expected to roll out early next year.
shake shake v.= to move backwards and forwards or A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so
up and down in quick, short movements, that the fruit fell down.
/ʃeɪk/ or to make something or someone do Every time one of these big trucks goes by, all the houses shake.
this
spread spread v.= to cover or reach a wider or The fire spread very rapidly because of the strong wind.
increasing area, or to make something The news had spread and was causing great excitement.
/spred/ do this
squeeze squeeze v.= to press something firmly, especially Cut the lemon in half and squeeze the juice into the bowl.
from all sides in order to change its Her mother lightly squeezed her hand and smiled.
/skwiːz/ shape, reduce its size, or remove liquid
from it
stir stir v.= to mix a liquid or other substance by Stir the sauce gently until it begins to boil.
moving an object such as a spoon in a She paused to stir some milk into her coffee.
/stɝː/ circular pattern
light lightness light lightly adv.= to only a small degree Bake the cookies for 30 minutes, or until lightly browned.
I try to eat lightly nowadays because I am on a weight loss program.
/ˈlaɪt.li/
power power powerful powerfully adv.= in a way that has a very great He argued powerfully and persuasively against capital punishment.
effect She kicked the ball so powerfully that it flew over the hedge.
/ˈpaʊ.ɚ.fəl.i/
adventure adventurous adventurously adj.= willing to try new or difficult I'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.
things I'm not normally very adventurous when choosing my holidays.
/ədˈven.tʃɚ.əs/
season season seasonal v.= to improve the flavor of savory food Drain the rice, stir in the salmon and season to taste (= so that it has
by adding salt, herbs, or spices when the taste you like).
/ˈsiː.zən/ cooking or preparing it. Season the chicken with pepper.
guacamole n.= a cold Mexican dish made with It is also served with guacamole and salsa.
crushed avocado All fancy restaurants serve guacamole in a perfect condition in Dubai.
ˌɡwɑːkəˈməʊli
socialize society sociable sociably n.= a large group of people who live We must also consider the needs of the younger/older members of
together in an organized way, making society.
/səˈsaɪ.ə.t̬ i/ decisions about how to do things and Technology has positive and negative effects on modern society.
sharing the work that needs to be done.
All the people in a country, or in several
similar countries, can be referred to as a
society
process process procedural v.= to make food, materials, or goods Goat cheese may be processed in many ways.
ready to be used or sold, for example by Two million workers are employed processing goods for electronic
/ˈprəʊses/ preserving or improving them in some firms.
way

Page 12 of 23
succeed success successful successfully n.= the achieving of the results wanted The success of almost any project depends largely on its manager.
or hoped for I've been trying to persuade her to take on more people, but so far
/səkˈses/ without success.
adapt adaptation adaptable v.= to change, or to change something, The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.
to suit different conditions or uses How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments?
/əˈdæpt/
nationalize nation national n.= a country, especially when thought All the nations of the world will be represented at the conference.
of as a large group of people living in The Germans, as a nation, are often thought to be well organized.
/ˈneɪ.ʃən/ one area with their own government,
language, traditions, etc.
popularize popularity popular popularly n.= when something or someone is liked The popularity of the Internet has soared.
or supported by a lot of people The president’s popularity has gone down considerably.
/ˌpɑː.pjəˈler.ə.t̬ i/
deliver delivery deliverable v.= to take goods, letters, parcels, etc. to The furniture store is delivering our new bed on Thursday.
people's houses or places of work The documents were delivered by a special messenger.
/dɪˈlɪv.ɚ/
sloppy adj.= very wet or liquid, often in a way The batter was a bit sloppy so I added some more flour.
that is unpleasant Whenever I want to knead the dough, it starts to be sloppy.
/ˈslɑː.pi/
ingredient n.= a food that is used with other foods Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl.
in the preparation of a particular dish The food is home cooked using fresh ingredients.
/ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/
ingredience

Unit 5: Hit the road!

cruise cruise n.= a holiday on a ship, sailing from They're going on a cruise round the Med.
place to place Do you dream of a luxury skiing holiday or a Caribbean cruise?
/kruːz/
camping camp v.= to stay in a tent or other temporary We camped on the beach for two nights.
shelter They will camp by the river for the night, and move on tomorrow.
/kæmp/
hang out v.= to spend a lot of time in a place or They enjoyed hanging out with each other when they were kids.
with someone I don't know why he hangs out with Ali, they've got nothing in
/hæŋ/ common.
rafting raft n.= the use of a rubber raft to travel with The camp offered bicycle tours, river rafting, fishing, and hiking.
the current of a river, especially as a Rafting might not be everyone`s favorite water sport.
/ˈræf.tɪŋ/ sport
sightseeing n.= the activity of visiting interesting We did some sightseeing in Sana’a.
places, especially by people on holiday There was no time to go sightseeing in Ibb.
/ˈsaɪtˌsiː.ɪŋ/
stargazing n.= the activity of looking up at the stars The forest is far from any city lights and perfect for stargazing.
and objects in space as a hobby, as part Where is the best place to set up a telescope for stargazing?
/ˈstɑːrˌɡeɪ.zɪŋ/ of scientific study, or as part of astrology
accommodations accommodate n.= a place to stay, esp. a hotel room There's a shortage of cheap accommodation in the city.
There is accommodation for about five hundred students on campus.
/əˌkɑm·əˈdeɪ·ʃən/
ATM card n.= a special plastic card given to you by I lost my ATM card last week, so now I have no cash to spend. I will
a bank that allows you to take money out get some money from Ali.
/ˌeɪ.tiːˈem kɑːrd/ of your bank account using a cash Famous people never carry cash in case they get robbed, so they have
machine their ATM card instead.
brochure n.= a type of small magazine that Many brochures have been published by the most famous
contains pictures and information on a businessmen in Yemen.
/broʊˈʃʊr/ product or a company It is very useless for company products to be shown on a holiday
brochure.
camper n.= someone who is staying in a tent or During the summer months we have on average 170 campers staying
shelter here every night.
/ˈkæm.pɚ/ The site is far from any tourist traps so your fellow campers will be
committed outdoors types.

Page 13 of 23
 catamaran n.= a sailing boat that has two parallel The ceremony took place on the beach followed by a private trip on a
hulls (= floating parts) held together by a catamaran at sunset.
/kætəməˈræn/ single deck (= flat surface) The only thing I dreamed of when I went to Italy last summer was to
be on a catamaran.
condition condition conditional conditionally n.= the particular state that someone or Mums still got our stroller it’s very old, but it's in perfect condition.
something is in They left the flat in a terrible condition there was a mess everywhere.
/kənˈdɪʃ.ən/
endanger danger dangerous dangerously n.= the possibility that someone or The refugees believe that their lives are in danger.
something will be harmed, destroyed, or He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in danger.
/ˈdeɪn.dʒɚ/ killed
first aid kit n.= a box or bag containing basic She took a bandage out of the first aid kit.
medical equipment such as bandages A first aid kit and basic rescue equipment are located near the pool.
/ˌfɝːst ˈeɪd ˌkɪt/ and antiseptic cream
identify identification identifiable n.= an official document that shows or We were asked to show some identification before the security guards
proves who you are would let us in.
/aɪˌden.t̬ ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ The security guards gave me the look, but they didn't ask me for any
identification.
luggage n.= the bags, suitcases, etc. that contain We bought some new luggage for our trip.
your possessions and that you take with We dropped our luggage off at the hotel and went sightseeing.
/ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ/ you when you are travelling
opportunity n.= an occasion or situation that makes Everyone will have an opportunity to comment.
it possible to do something that you I was never given the opportunity of going to college.
/ˌɑː.pɚˈtuː.nə.t̬ i/ want to do or have to do, or the
possibility of doing something
reindeer n.= a type of deer that lives in the If we went with them to the forest, we would see a lot of reindeers
northern parts of Europe, Asia, and there.
/ˈreɪn.dɪr/ North America As the research shows, many reindeers have started to become extinct
in African forests.
rental n.= an arrangement to rent something, or Is that your car or is it a rental?
the amount of money that you pay to The company has recently seen a decline in DVD rentals.
/ˈren.t̬ əl/ rent something
save safety safe safely n.= a state in which or a place where These measures were designed to improve car safety.
you are safe and not in danger or at risk This town should provide more safety for women and children.
/ˈseɪf.ti/
specialize specialty special specially n.= a product that is extremely good in a Our specialty is clam chowder.
particular place An area with clothes retailers and specialty shops.
/ˈspeʃ.əl.ti/
stall n.= a table or a small shop with an open In the village market, the stalls are piled high with local vegetables.
front, especially outdoors, where goods The stall sells drinks and snacks.
/stɑːl/ are sold
tap n.= a piece of equipment for controlling She went strangely into the bathroom and turned all the taps on.
the flow of water, gas etc. from a pipe or I washed my hands under the kitchen tap.
/tæp/ container
vaccinate vaccination vaccinated n.= the process or an act of giving All the children were given two vaccinations against measles.
someone a vaccine Flu vaccination is not recommended for children younger than 6
/væk.səˈneɪ.ʃən/ months.
visa n.= an official mark put on your I was still in New York, trying to get a visa to visit Russia.
passport that gives you permission to She applied for a three-month tourist visa.
/ˈviːzə/ temporarily enter or leave a foreign
country
wildlife n.= animals and plants that grow A new series of wildlife programs has started on Monday evenings.
independently of people, usually in Their work involves restoring and recreating wildlife habitats all
/ˈwaɪld.laɪf/ natural conditions across the country.
beachfront n.= a strip of land along a beach A house on the beachfront is the best place to retire in.
A beachfront property is ideal for anyone planning to go on vacation.
/ˈbiːtʃ.frʌnt/
foreignness foreign adj.= belonging or connected to a Spain was the first foreign country she had visited.
country that is not your own His work provided him with the opportunity for a lot of foreign travel.
/ˈfɔːr.ən/
please pleasure pleasant pleasantly adj.= enjoyable, attractive, friendly, or It was pleasant to sit in a sidewalk cafe and watch people pass.
easy to like We spent a pleasant afternoon at the beach.

Page 14 of 23
 /ˈplez.ənt/

roundtrip n.= if you make a round trip, you go on I purchased roundtrip ticket from Hodeidah to Sana’a.
a journey and return to where you It’s a round trip of 90 miles.
/ˌraʊnd ˈtrɪp/ started from

pick ph. v.= to lift someone or something I picked up the kids' clothes that were lying on the floor.
using your hands. I went to pick up the phone/receiver, but it had stopped ringing.
someone\some-
thing up
/pɪk. ʌp/
rent rent v.= to pay or receive a fixed amount of I rented a car from a garage so that I could get about.
money for the use of a room, house, car, My Dad has a villa that he rents (out) to tourists.
/rent/ television, etc.
sunbathe v.= to sit or lie in the sun in order to I like to sunbathe in the morning when the sun is not so hot.
make your skin darker Her mother was sunbathing in the back garden.
/ˈsʌn.beɪð/
reunite reunion n.= a social event for a group of people We're having a family reunion next week.
who have not seen each other for a long The college has an annual reunion for former students.
/ˌriːˈjuː.njən/ time
the more the idiom= used to say an occasion will be "Do you mind if I bring a couple of friends to your party?" "Not at all
more enjoyable if a lot of people are the more the merrier!" Do you mind if I bring Ahmed?’ ‘No, of
merrier there course not. The more the merrier.’
validate validity valid adj.= based on truth or reason; able to be My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it's equally
accepted valid.
/ˈvæl.ɪd/ Your return ticket is valid for three months.
overseas overseas overseas adv.= in, from, or to other countries There are a lot of overseas students studying at our college.
The company has been successful in bringing in overseas markets this
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈsiːz/ year.
security secure securely adj.= positioned or fixed firmly and That ladder doesn't look very secure to me.
correctly and therefore not likely to Check that all windows and doors are secure.
/səˈkjʊr/ move, fall, or break
insure insurance insurable n.= an agreement in which you pay a Do you have insurance on your house and its contents?
company money and they pay your costs I'll need to take out extra car insurance for another driver.
/ɪnˈʃɝː.əns/ if you have an accident, injury, etc.
necessitate necessity necessary necessarily n.= the need for something: You can come early if you want to, but there's no necessity for it.
A car is an absolute necessity if you live in the country.
/nəˈses.ə.t̬ i/
reserve reservation reservable n.= an arrangement in which something I'd like to make a table reservation for two people for nine o'clock.
such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at Please confirm your reservation in writing by Friday.
/ˌrez.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/ a restaurant is kept for you
atmosphere n.= a mixture of gases that surrounds These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.
any planet The search for planets with a breathable atmosphere.
/ˈæt.mə.sfɪr/
adventure adventurous adventurously n.= an unusual, exciting, and possibly They went on an adventure hunting for treasure in the western hills.
dangerous activity, such as a trip or She had some exciting adventures in Egypt.
/ədˈven.tʃɚ/ experience, or the excitement produced
by such an activity
lizard n.= a small reptile that has a long body, Lizards hid lots of baby lizards under the rocks in the desert.
four short legs, a long tail, and thick skin Many lizards can be found in houses that have bad conditions.
/ˈlɪz.ɚd/
tent n.= a shelter made of canvas or a similar How does it feel to be back in civilization after all those weeks in a
material and supported by poles and tent?
/tent/ ropes, that you can fold up and carry We looked for a flat spot where we could pitch our tent (=put up our
with you tent).
environment environmental environmentally n.= the air, water, and land in or on We're not doing enough to protect the environment from pollution.
which people, animals, and plants live The company had failed to provide a safe environment for its
/ɪnˈvaɪ.rə.mənt/ workers.
jungle n.= a tropical forest in which trees and We landed at a tiny airstrip in the middle of the jungle.
plants grow very closely together

Page 15 of 23
 /ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/ He spent a year in the jungle, observing how deforestation is affecting
local tribes.
except exception exceptional prep.= not including; used before you The museum is open daily except Monday(s).
mention the only thing or person about The government has few options except to keep interest rates high.
/ɪkˈsept/ which a statement is not true; apart from
absolute absolutely adv.= completely You must be absolutely silent or the birds won't appear.
We've achieved absolutely nothing today.
/ˌæb.səˈluːt.li/
Unit 6: I`ll do it.
chore n.= a job or piece of work that is often I'll go shopping when I've done my chores.
boring or unpleasant but needs to be We share the domestic chores.
/tʃɔːr/ done regularly
expend expense expensive expensively n.= the amount of money that you spend He borrowed 150,000 rials and used the money for legal expenses.
on something Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.
/ɪkˈspens/
grocery grocery n.= the food that you buy in a grocer's More people are buying their groceries online.
shop or supermarket I was carrying three heavy bags of groceries.
/ˈɡroʊ.sɚ.i/ I go to the grocery store every night before I arrive home.
guest guest n.= a person who is staying with you, or We have guests staying this weekend.
a person you have invited to a social The rules require that you bring only one guest to the dinner.
/ɡest/ occasion, such as a party or a meal
mess messy n.= mess or a mess is something or He makes a terrible mess when he's cooking.
someone that looks dirty or untidy I wish you'd do something about your bedroom, it’s a real mess.
/mes/
staff n.= the group of people who work for an There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school.
organization He refused to name the members of staff involved.
/stɑːf/
stranger strange strangely n.= someone you do not know My mother always warned me not to talk to strangers.
I'd never met anyone at the party before they were complete strangers.
/streɪndʒ/
survey survey n.= an examination of opinions, We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of
behavior, etc. made by asking people their local bus service.
/ˈsɝː.veɪ/ questions We conducted a survey of parents in the village.
clumsiness clumsy clumsily adj.= a clumsy person often has A clumsy waiter spilled tea all over her new skirt.
accidents because they do not behave in That's the third glass you've smashed this week you’re so clumsy!
/ˈklʌm.zi/ a careful, controlled way
drive someone phr.= to make someone upset or We love our two year old, but sometimes she drives us crazy.
annoyed He leaves dirty clothes all over the floor and it's driving me crazy.
crazy
pick up ph.v.= to lift something or someone up He picked up the letter and read it.
The phone rang and I picked it up.
/pɪk ʌp/

hang up ph.v.= to hang clothes on a hook She took her coat off and hung it up.
Kids should be taught how to hang up their jackets when arriving
/hæŋ ʌp/ home.
let out ph.v.= to allow someone or something When we wanted to leave after the party, he refused to let us out.
to leave a place, especially by opening a I heard a voice from the cupboard shouting "Let me out!"
/let aʊt/ closed or locked door
put away ph. v.= to put something in the place He puts his toys away every night.
where it is usually kept I hate it when my parents ask me to put my shoes away.
/pʊt əˈweɪ/
take off ph. v.= to remove a piece of clothing He sat on the bed to take his boots off.
Fares was taking off his shirt when the phone rang.
/teɪk ɑːf/
take out ph. v.= to remove something from They had to take out two of his teeth.
somewhere Don't forget to take the garbage out.
/teɪk aʊt/

Page 16 of 23
admit admission admissible admittedly v.= to agree that something is true, At first he denied stealing the money but he later admitted (to) it.
especially unwillingly I wasn't entirely honest with him, I admit.
/ədˈmɪt/
apologize apology apologetic apologetically v.= to tell someone that you are sorry for I must apologize to the teacher for my lateness.
having done something that has caused I think you should apologize to your brother.
/əˈpɑː.lə.dʒaɪz/ problems or unhappiness for them

bother bother v.= to make someone feel slightly It really bothered me that he’d forgotten my birthday.
worried, upset, or concerned Would it bother you if I turn on the TV?
/ˈbɑː.ðɚ/
criticize criticism critical critically v.= to express disapproval of someone We're a group of artists who meet to discuss ideas and criticize each
or something other's work.
/ˈkrɪt̬ .ɪ.saɪz/ My siblings don't like me criticizing our parents.
gain gain v.= to get something that is useful, that The mayor has gained a lot of support from the teacher's union.
gives you an advantage, or that is in The youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities.
/ɡeɪn/ some way positive, especially over a
period of time
lend lender lendable v.= to give something to someone for a She doesn't like lending her books to anyone.
short period of time, expecting it to be It was most generous of you to lend me the money.
/lend/ given back
lock lock v.= to put an object in a safe place and He locked the confidential documents in his filing cabinet.
fasten a lock that prevents someone from You really should lock your bike up or it'll get stolen.
/lɑːk/ entering the place, moving the object,
etc.
mind mind mindless mindlessly v.= (used in questions and negatives) to Do you think he'd mind if I borrowed his book?
be annoyed or worried by something Would you mind filling in a questionnaire about what you watch on
/maɪnd/ television?
realize realization realistic realistically v.= to know and understand something, I suddenly realized that the boy was crying.
or suddenly begin to understand it Do you realize you’re an hour late?
/ˈrɪəlaɪz/
sincerity sincere sincerely adv.= if you feel or believe something I sincerely hope I’ll see her again.
sincerely, you really feel or believe it We are sincerely grateful for your help.
/sɪnˈsɪəli/ and are not just pretending; truly
argue argument argumentative argumentatively v.= to speak angrily to someone, telling They were arguing over which film to go and see.
that person that you disagree with them: The children were arguing over which cartoons to watch.
/ˈɑːrɡ.juː/
complain complaint n.= a statement in which someone If you wish to make a complaint, you should see the manager.
complains about something The sales assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints in a
/kəmˈpleɪnt/ friendly manner.
reason reason reasonable reasonably adj.= based on or using good judgment If you tell him what happened, I'm sure he'll understand he’s a
and therefore fair and practical reasonable man.
/ˈriːzənəbəl/ He went free because the jury decided there was a reasonable doubt
about his guilt.
request request n.= the act of politely or officially asking The boss refused our request to leave work early.
for something They have made an urgent request for international aid.
/rɪˈkwest/
nervousness nervous nervously adj.= worried and anxious: She's always been nervous around dogs.
I was very nervous about driving again after the accident.
/ˈnɝː.vəs/
respond response responsive responsively n.= something that is done as a reaction His immediate response was one of disbelief.
to something that has happened or been Responses to our advertisement have been disappointing.
/rɪˈspɑːns/ said
according to adv.= as shown by something or stated You will be paid according to the amount of work you do.
by someone There is now widespread support for these proposals, according to a
/əˈkɔːr.dɪŋ ˌtuː/ recent public opinion poll.
attract attraction attractive attractively v.= to pull or draw someone or These flowers are brightly colored in order to attract butterflies.
something towards them, by the qualities Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention/criticism in the scientific
/əˈtrækt/ they have, especially good ones community.

air conditioner n.= a machine that keeps the air in a I see no need switching on the air conditioner in such weather.
room/building cool Our air-conditioner broke down on the hottest night of the year!
/ˈer kənˌdɪʃ.ən.ɚ/
Page 17 of 23
 madness n.= stupid or dangerous behavior It would be madness to drive all that way on your own.
Cutting down the forest is sheer madness (=completely crazy).
/ˈmæd.nəs/
satisfy satisfaction satisfactory satisfyingly adj.= good or good enough for a The teachers seem to think his work is satisfactory.
particular need or purpose We hope very much to find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
/ˌsæt̬ .ɪsˈfæk.tɚ.i/
coast n.= the area where the land meets the sea We spent a week by the coast (= by the sea).
The accident happened three miles off the coast (= in the sea three
/koʊst/ miles from land).
buffet n.= a meal where people serve Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding?
themselves different types of food The price includes morning coffee, buffet lunch, and afternoon tea.
/bəˈfeɪ/
snore snore v.= to breathe in a very noisy way while Sometimes my husband snores so loudly, it keeps me awake at night.
you are sleeping We could hear the old man snoring down the hall.
/snɔːr/
give a hand ph. v.= = to help someone do something Shall I give you a hand with that bag?
I gave her a hand packing up her clothes and stuff.
/ɡɪv.u.hænd/
oversleep v.= to sleep for longer than you intended I missed the bus this morning because I overslept again.
to and so wake up late They were afraid of oversleeping and missing the plane.
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈsliːp/
sightsee v.= to visit interesting places, especially You don't need a car to sightsee in Sana’a.
when on holiday I haven't come here on vacation or to sightsee.
/ˈsaɪt.siː/

Unit 7: What do you use this for?

appliance applicable n.= a device, machine, or piece of There’s plenty of space for all the usual kitchen appliances.
equipment, especially an electrical one People are spending more of their income on goods such as cars and
/əˈplaɪ.əns/ that is used in the house, such as a appliances.
cooker or washing machine
stream streaming n.= the activity of listening to or NTV Sports now comes with free live streaming for mobile devices.
watching sound or video directly from Internet video streaming has not replaced television.
/ˈstriː.mɪŋ/ the internet
ebooks n.= a book that you read on a computer School students should be provided by e-books by the principles.
screen or on a special small computer Well-known authors are aiming at both hardcopy and e-book versions.
/ˈiː.bʊk/ that you can hold in your hands, and that
is not printed on paper
purpose purposeful purposefully n.= why you do something or why The purpose of the research is to try to find out more about the causes
something exists: of the disease.
/ˈpɝː.pəs/ His only purpose in life seems to be to enjoy himself.
invisibility invisible invisibly adj.= something that is invisible cannot The house was surrounded by trees, and invisible from the road.
be seen; antonym: visible The aircraft is designed to be invisible to radar.
/ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/
criminalize criminal criminal criminally n.= someone who commits a crime The police officer told the criminal that he had the right to remain
silent.
/ˈkrɪm.ə.nəl/ If you spend any time in prison, you're labelled as a criminal for the
rest of your life.
webcam n.= a camera that records moving He directs his business mostly from home via email and webcam.
pictures and sound and allows these to You could even watch their performance on the webcam.
/ˈweb.kæm/ be broadcast on the internet as they
happen
drone drone n.= a small aircraft without a pilot that is He shot some amazing aerial footage using his drone.
controlled by someone on the ground, Yemeni photographers have been using the drones as a way to shoot
/droʊn/ used especially as a hobby some amazing photos.
gadget n.= a small machine or piece of Have you seen this handy little gadget it’s for separating egg yolks
electronic equipment that has a from whites.
/ˈɡædʒ.ət/ particular purpose He is very mad at his wife since she almost always asks him for more
kitchen gadgets.

Page 18 of 23
 identity theft n.= the crime of using someone's Statistics show that millions of people are victims of identity theft each
personal information in order to pretend year.
/aɪˈden.t̬ ə.t̬ i ˌθeft/ to be them and to get money or goods in In cases of identity theft and illegal credit card use, it's especially
their name important to report it and get a police report.
passcode n.= a combination of numbers or The service also contained a lockout system which would allow parents
movements on the screen that allow you to set a passcode in order to access mature rated content. You need to
/ˈpæs.koʊd/ to use an electronic device enter your passcode in order to open the front door.
assign assignment n.= a piece of work given to someone, I have a lot of reading assignments to complete before the end of term.
typically as part of their studies or job The assignment was to read Chapter 2 in our history book.
/əˈsaɪn.mənt/
burglarize burglar n.= a person who illegally enters It was brave of you to chase after the burglar.
buildings and steals things The burglars have been arrested, but the jewelry is still missing.
/ˈbɝː.ɡlɚ/
burglary
whiz computer whiz n.= a person with a very high level of Ali was one of those computer whiz kids who are millionaires by the
skill or knowledge in a particular subject time they’re 25 years of age.
/kəmˈpjuː.t̬ ɚwɪz/ such as computer Everyone knows at least one computer whiz.
employ employee employable n.=someone who is paid to work for The number of employees in the company has multiplied over the past
someone else decade.
/ˌem.plɔɪˈiː/ If any employee needs to take time off, s/he should contact the
employment Personnel Department.
employer
early adopter n.= someone who is one of the first Hanan was an early adopter, buying one of the first iPods in 2001.
people to start using a new product, Business people were early adopters of mobile phones.
/ˌɝː.li əˈdɑːp.tɚ/ especially a new piece of technology
equip equipment equipped n.= the set of necessary tools, clothing, People want to know exactly what they're getting when they buy a
etc. for a particular purpose piece of equipment.
/ɪˈkwɪp.mənt/ The oil company will ship out the heavy equipment.
fee n.= an amount of money paid for a The students are holding a demonstration to protest against the increase
particular piece of work or for a in their fees.
/fiː/ particular right or service You can use the gym and pool for a fee of 20,000 rials a month.
hack hacker v.= someone who gets into other Problems can occur when a company does not know a hacker has
people's computer systems without broken into its system.
/ˈhæk.ɚ/ permission in order to find out The company makes software to protect wireless phones from hackers
information or to do something illegal and viruses.
task task n.= a piece of work to be done, We usually ask interviewees to perform a few simple tasks on the
especially one done regularly, computer just to test their skills.
/tæsk/ unwillingly, or with difficulty Sara had the task of preparing the agenda for meetings.
technology technological technologically n.= (the study and knowledge of) the There were huge advances in aviation technology during the Second
practical, especially industrial, use of World War.
/tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/ scientific discoveries Modern technology makes moving money around much easier than it
used to be.
freeze freeze frozen adj.= frozen food has been stored at a We don't have any fresh vegetables, only frozen peas.
very low temperature in order to We made a pizza last night with frozen bread dough.
/ˈfroʊ.zən/ preserve it
strictness strict adj.= expecting people to obey rules or This company is very strict about punctuality.
to do what you say My parents were very strict with me when I was young.
/strɪkt/
worth worthy n.= the value of something in money The balance sheet will not show the current worth of the company.
She got her money's worth out of that coat.
/wɝːθ/
back up ph.v.= to say or show that what someone Will you back me up if I say that I never saw him?
is saying is true Honestly, that's exactly what happened and Muna will back me up.
/bæk ʌp/
create creation creative creatively v.= to make something new, or invent This dish was created by our chef Ahmed Khaled.
something The software makes it easy to create colorful graphs.
/kriˈeɪt/
entertain entertainment entertaining entertainingly v.= to keep a group of people interested Most children's television programs aim to educate and entertain at the
or enjoying themselves same time.
/en.t̬ ɚˈteɪn/ We hired a magician to entertain the children.

Page 19 of 23
plug in plugin ph.v.= to connect a piece of electrical ‘Is your printer working?’ ‘Wait a minute – it’s not plugged in.’
equipment to the main supply of The keyboard plugs in at the back of the computer.
/ˈplʌɡ.ɪn/ electricity, or to another piece of
electrical equipment
influence influence influential influentially v.= to affect or change how someone or She's very good at making friends and influencing people.
something develops, behaves, or thinks She had her own style and was not influenced by the outrageous ways
/ˈɪn.flu.əns/ of fashion.
perform performance v.= to do an action or piece of work Computers can perform a variety of tasks.
Most of the students performed well in the exam.
/pɚˈfɔːrm/
post post n.= letters, etc. that are delivered to I'd been away for a few days so I had a lot of post waiting for me.
homes or places of work If you don't want to take it there, you can just send it by post.
/poʊst/
protect protection protective protectively v.= to keep someone or something safe It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
from injury, damage, or loss Of course, the company will act to protect its financial interests in the
/prəˈtekt/ country if war begins.
recharge recharge recharchable v.= if a battery recharges, it becomes He cursed himself for forgetting to recharge the batteries.
filled with electricity so that it can work The device can recharge throughout the day.
/ˌriːˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ again and if you recharge a battery, you
fill it with electricity
rent rent v.= to pay or receive a fixed amount of I rented a car from a garage so that I could get about.
money for the use of a room, house, car, My rent is very high.
/rent/ television, etc. The cost of rent is going up in our city.
set set v.= to put something in a particular place He set a vase of flowers on the table.
or position The campsite is set in the middle of a pine forest.
/set/
geek n.= someone who is extremely interested Thanks to brilliant computer geeks, I can copy, scan, fax, and send
in computers, esp. someone whose only photos all from a single machine.
/ɡiːk/ interest is computers He is a 15yearold computer geek who spends all day gaming.

bug bug n.= a mistake or problem in a computer A bug caused the company's computer system to crash.
program If you get a bug in your system, please report it as soon as possible so
/bʌɡ/ it can be fixed.
consequence consequent consequently n.= a result of a particular action or Eating too much processed food can have dire health consequences.
situation, often one that is bad or not If someone commits a crime, they have to take the consequences.
/ˈkɑːn.sə.kwəns/ convenient
depend (on) depend dependable dependably v.= to trust someone or something and You can always depend on Ahmed in a crisis.
know that that person or thing will help In her last difficult years, she depended completely on her husband to
/dɪˈpend/ you or do what you want or expect him, look after her.
her, or it to do
addict addiction addicted addictive adj.= liking something so much that you Kids nowadays are addicted to surfing the Internet day and night.
do not want to stop doing it or having it I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become
/əˈdɪk.tɪd/ hopelessly addicted.
virus n.= an extremely small piece of organic The doctors have attributed the cause of the illness to an unknown
material that causes disease in humans, virus.
/ˈvaɪ.rəs/ animals, and plants It's possible to pass on the virus to others through physical contact.
install installation v.= to put a computer program onto a When we installed the central heating, we put a radiator in every room.
computer so that the computer can use it Fares, can you help me install this software?
/ɪnˈstɑːl/
antivirus adj.= created and used in order to We deployed two free antivirus packages on our public and staff
protect a computer against infection by a workstations.
/ˌæn.t̬ iˈvaɪ.rəs/ virus "It is important to have antivirus software, but it isn't really important
which one," he said.
update update updateable v.= to make something more modern or Do you have an updated version of the system?
suitable for use now by adding new She spent several hours updating the mailing list.
/ʌpˈdeɪt/ updated information or changing its design
reset reset v.= to turn a piece of electronic You can reset most routers by holding down the reset button for 30
equipment off and then on again when it seconds.
/ˌriːˈset/ does not work correctly, to make it start You need to reset your watch to local time.
working correctly again

Page 20 of 23
 portability portable adj.= light and small enough to be easily Your phone number is portable if you decide to move to a different
carried or moved home or office you can always be reachable.
/ˈpɔːr.t̬ ə.bəl/ Our grandparents have that old portable radio.
economize economy economic economically n.= the system of trade and industry by The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy.
which the wealth of a country is made The US economy is slowing down after a long period of growth.
/iˈkɑː.nə.mi/ and used
ordinariness ordinary ordinarily adj.= not different or special or Readers of the magazine said they wanted more stories about ordinary
unexpected in any way; usual people and fewer stories about the rich and famous.
/ˈɔːr.dən.er.i/ Her last concert appearance was no ordinary (= a very special)
performance.
profit profit profitable profitably adj.= making or likely to make a profit Over the years it has developed into a highly profitable business.
The company had to eliminate 200 jobs to stay profitable.
/ˈprɑː.fɪ.t̬ ə.bəl/
in general ph. v.= usually, or in most situations In general, men are taller than women.
I think in general, we have better restaurants here in Yemen.
/ˈdʒen.ər.əl/
industrialize industry industrial industrially n.= the companies and activities The government is trying to attract industry to the area.
involved in the process of producing This type of software is widely used in industry.
/ˈɪn.də.stri/ goods for sale, especially in a factory or
special area
widen width wide widely adj.= measuring a large distance from As he ran toward me, his face broke into a wide grin.
one side to the other SYN broad; The boat was nearly as wide as the canal.
/waɪd/ antonym= narrow
leftover n.= remaining after all the rest has been Leftover vegetables can still be washed and eaten.
used, taken, or eaten A few pieces of leftover carpet was used to cover the small hallway.
/ˈleftəʊvə/
riskiness risky adj.= involving a risk that something bad Doctors say it’s too risky to try and operate.
will happen SYN dangerous Buying a secondhand car is a risky thing to do.
/ˈrɪs.ki/
no doubt phr.= used when you are saying that you No doubt you’ll have your own ideas.
think something is probably true No doubt you'll want to unpack and have a rest before dinner.
/daʊt/
accommodation n.= a place to stay or live They paid for his flights and hotel accommodation.
There is accommodation for about five hundred students on campus.
/əˌkɑː.məˈdeɪ.ʃən/
remain remainder remaining v.= to stay in the same place or in the The doctor ordered him to remain in bed for a few days.
same condition Most commentators expect the basic rate of tax to remain at 8 percent.
/rɪˈmeɪn/
opportunity n.= a chance to do something or an It was a rare opportunity to get a chance to look inside this historic
occasion when it is easy for you to do building.
/ˌɑː.pɚˈtuː.nə.t̬ i/ something Games and songs provide an opportunity for classroom interaction.
opportunist
fairness fair fairly adj.= treating someone in a way that is It’s fair to say that by then he had lost the support of his staff.
right or reasonable, or treating a group All we are asking for is a fair wage.
/fer/ of people equally and not allowing
personal opinions to influence your
judgment
regulate regulations n.= an official rule or the act of Safety regulations are being ignored by company managers in the drive
controlling something to increase profits.
/ˌreɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ There seem to be so many rules and regulations these days.

Unit 8: Time to celebrate!

carnival n.= (a special occasion or period of) There's a real carnival atmosphere in the streets.
public enjoyment and entertainment There’s a carnival in City Park this weekend.
/ˈkɑːr.nə.vəl/ involving wearing unusual clothes,
dancing, and eating and drinking,
usually held in the streets of a city

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 anniversary n.= the day on which an important event We always celebrate our wedding anniversary with dinner in an
happened in a previous year expensive restaurant.
/ˌæn.əˈvɝː.sɚ.i/ A huge parade was held on the anniversary of the opening of the
business.
ancestor ancestral n.= a person related to you who lived a There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the room.
long time ago Apparently his ancestors came over from France in the 11th century.
/ˈæn.ses.tɚ/
barbecue n.= a party held outdoors, during which We're having a barbecue on Saturday I hope you can come.
food is cooked on a barbecue It rained, so the barbecue had to be postponed.
/bɑːr.bə.kjuː/
bride n.= a woman who is about to get married When our manager returned from his vacation, he introduced us to his
or has just got married new bride.
/braɪd/ In some countries it is traditional for a bride to wear white.
groom groom n.= a man who is about to get married or The bride and groom walked down the aisle together.
has just got married It is the custom in some countries for the groom to pay dowry.
/ɡruːm/
candle n.= a stick shaped piece of wax with a Shall I light a candle?
wick (= piece of string) in the middle of She watched the wax as it dripped down the side of the candle.
/ˈkæn.dəl/ it that produces light as it slowly burns
honeymoon honeymoon n.= a holiday taken by a couple Where are you going on your honeymoon?
immediately after their marriage We went to Hawaii on our honeymoon.
/ˈhʌn.i.muːn/
parade parade n.= a large number of people walking or We watched the parade from his front porch.
in vehicles, all going in the same Live music and a parade set an upbeat mood for the official opening.
/pəˈreɪd/ direction, usually as part of a public
celebration of something
receive reception receptive n.= the act of welcoming someone or The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.
something The district manager had a delightful reception in Germany this
/rɪˈsep.ʃən/ morning.
sculpt sculpture n.= the art of forming solid objects that The museum has several life-sized sculptures of people and animals.
represent a thing, person, idea, etc. out There's a new exhibition of sculptures at the city gallery.
/ˈskʌlp.tʃɚ/ of a material such as wood, clay, metal,
or stone, or an object made in this way
relate relative relative relatively n.= a member of your family All her distant relatives came to the wedding.
There weren't many people at the funeral just close family relatives.
/ˈrel.ə.t̬ ɪv/
skeleton n.= the frame of bones supporting a The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they
human or animal body became extinct.
/ˈskel.ə.t̬ ən/ He was so thin that you could see his skeleton through his skin.
trick trick tricky n.= an action that is intended to deceive, She played a really nasty trick on me, she put syrup in my shampoo
either as a way of cheating someone, or bottle!
/trɪk/ as a joke or form of entertainment My niece was showing me all the tricks that she's learned to do with
her new magic set.
nationalize nation national nationally adj.=relating to or typical of a whole The children were wearing traditional national costumes/dresses.
country and its people, rather than to She was too young to vote in the national election.
/ˈnæʃ.nəl/ part of that country or to other countries:
book book v.= to arrange to have a seat, room, Unfortunately, the restaurant was fully booked.
performer, etc. at a particular time in the Ali booked a seat on the evening flight to Sana’a.
/bʊk/ future:
destroy destruction destructive destructively v.= to damage something so badly that it The new construction company working in our city has a reputation of
cannot be used mass destruction.
/dɪˈstrɔɪ/ The school was completely destroyed by fire.
explode explosion explosive explosively v.= to break up into pieces violently, or As he was lighting the fireworks, one exploded in his hand.
to cause something to do this He was driving so fast that his car tire exploded.
/ɪkˈsploʊd/
look forward to ph. v.=to feel pleased and excited about She was looking forward to seeing the grandchildren again.
something that is going to happen I'm really looking forward to my holiday.
/lʊk ˈfɔːr.wɚd/ I look forward to seeing you tomorrow morning.
occur occurrence v.= (especially of accidents and other If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medication,
unexpected events) to happen consult your doctor immediately.
/əˈkɝː/ Leap year occurs every four years.
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strike strike v.= to refuse to continue working The only option available to us is to strike.
because of an argument with an If the management wouldn't listen to their demands; they would have
/straɪk/ employer about working conditions, pay to force the issue by going on strike.
levels, or job losses
express expression expressive expressively v.= to show a feeling, opinion, or fact Words can't express how happy I am.
I would like to express my thanks for your kindness.
/ɪkˈspres/
annual annual annually adj.= happening once every year Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the
previous year's activities.
/ˈæn.ju.əl/ The school trip has become an annual event.
commemorate commemoration commemorative v.= to remember officially and give The ceremonies commemorated the 20th anniversary of the founding
respect to a great person or event, of the school.
kəˈmeməreɪt/ especially by a public ceremony or by The book will be published in October to commemorate the 100th
making a statue or special building anniversary of the establishment of the new city.
float float v.= to stay on the surface of a liquid and I wasn’t sure if the raft would float.
not sink She spent the afternoon floating on her back in the pool.
/floʊt/
lantern n.= a light inside a container that has a The lantern hung from the roof to provide some light for people
handle for holding it or hanging it up, or walking at night.
/ˈlæn.tɚn/ the container itself She carried a lantern to light her way through the dark streets of the
town.
exchange exchange exchangeable v.= to give something to someone and It's traditional for the two teams to exchange shirts after the game.
receive something from that person We can exchange addresses when we see each other.
/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
skip skip v.= to move lightly and quickly, making She skipped lunch in order to go shopping.
a small jump after each step He turned and skipped away, singing happily for himself.
/skɪp/
brighten brightness bright brightly adv.= in a way that is full of light, or The stars were shining brightly.
shining: The table in the center of the stage was lit brightly.
/ˈbraɪt.li/
veil veil n.= a piece of thin material worn by The women wore black veils that covered all but their eyes.
women to cover the face or head The bride wore a veil with a wreath of silk flowers.
/veɪl/
resolve resolution n.= an official decision that is made I've made a resolution to exercise three times a week.
after a group or organization has voted She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often.
/ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/
host host v.= to provide the place and everything Which country is going to host the next World Cup?
that is needed for an organized event Sydney, Australia made a successful bid to host the Olympic Games.
/hoʊst/
centralize center central centrally adj.= in, at, from, or near the center or There will be rain later in central and eastern parts of the country.
most important part of something The large central diamond is surrounded by eight smaller stones.
/ˈsen.trəl/
envelope n.= a flat, usually square or rectangular, I folded the letter in half and put it in an envelope.
paper container for a letter The teacher opened the sealed envelope containing the exam papers.
/ˈen.və.loʊp/
contain v.= to have something inside or include How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
something as a part Raw vegetables contain more potassium than cooked ones.
/kənˈteɪn/
dummy n.= a large model of a human, especially A shop window dummy was dressed with the latest sports clothing
one used to show clothes in a shop advertised.
/ˈdʌm.i/ They first showed us a tailor’s dummy.
sawdust n.= very small pieces of wood that are We scattered some fresh sawdust on the floor of the cage.
left when you have been cutting wood We noticed small footprints in the sawdust this morning.
/ˈsɔːdʌst/

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